In order to study mechanical behaviors of corn stalk powder during the compaction, the yield criterion for corn stalk powder is proposed with a plasticity theory. From the stress-strain curves of uni-axial compaction ...In order to study mechanical behaviors of corn stalk powder during the compaction, the yield criterion for corn stalk powder is proposed with a plasticity theory. From the stress-strain curves of uni-axial compaction test for corn stalk powder, the constitutive model, in which the equations are modified by experiments on corn stalk powder, is adopted to describe plastic behaviors of powder, and is discussed based on the incremental theory and deformation theory. The numerical results agree well with the experimental ones.展开更多
Research shows that producing fermented camel milk is hard because of the milk’s inability to form a firm coagulum, attributed to low levels of κ-casein and ꞵ-lactoglobulin and the large casein micelle size, leading...Research shows that producing fermented camel milk is hard because of the milk’s inability to form a firm coagulum, attributed to low levels of κ-casein and ꞵ-lactoglobulin and the large casein micelle size, leading to a weak network of casein formation. In an effort to address this issue, researchers turned to corn starch as a thickening agent, discovering that a concentration of 2.0% effectively improved the viscosity and significantly reduced syneresis in stirred camel milk yoghurt and cultured camel milk. This study explores alternatives to corn starch, focusing on butternut squash seeds as a promising substitute due to their hydrocolloid composition. By incorporating butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata) seed powder (BSSP) as a thickening agent, this study aimed at enhancing the chemical and rheological properties of stirred camel milk yoghurt and cultured camel milk. Fermented camel milk was prepared using 4 litres of camel milk, 2% starter cultures (thermophilic culture for yoghurt and mesophilic aromatic culture for stirred cultured camel milk) and BSSP 0.0% (negative control), 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6%, 2.0% mixed with 0.4% gelatin. 2.0% corn starch mixed with 0.4% gelatin was used as a standard for comparison. Results showed that increasing the BSSP level significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the moisture content while increasing the total solid content of stirred fermented camel milk products. There was an increase in ash content with an increase in BSSP levels. There was a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the pH, with an increase in BSSP levels in stirred fermented camel milk samples. Increasing the concentration of BSSP from 0.4% to 2.0% resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) increase in viscosity and a reduction in syneresis of stirred camel milk yoghurt and stirred cultured camel milk samples. This study demonstrated that BSSP effectively enhances the viscosity, reduces syneresis and increases acidity in stirred fermented camel milk products during storage.展开更多
为了提升秸秆粉料致密成型过程中离散元仿真所需参数的准确性,以玉米秸秆粉料为研究对象,利用EDEM软件中的Hertz-Mindlin with JKR粘结接触模型进行玉米秸秆粉料致密成型离散元仿真模型参数标定研究。首先,以接触参数的物理试验结果作...为了提升秸秆粉料致密成型过程中离散元仿真所需参数的准确性,以玉米秸秆粉料为研究对象,利用EDEM软件中的Hertz-Mindlin with JKR粘结接触模型进行玉米秸秆粉料致密成型离散元仿真模型参数标定研究。首先,以接触参数的物理试验结果作为仿真参数选择依据,应用Plackett-Burman试验对初始参数进行筛选,方差分析结果表明,玉米秸秆粉料间滚动摩擦因数、粉料与不锈钢板间静摩擦因数以及JKR表面能对堆积角影响显著;其次,以堆积角为评价指标,应用Box-Behnken试验建立了堆积角与3个显著性参数的二次多项式回归模型,以物理试验得到的实际堆积角42.60°为目标值,对显著性参数进行寻优,得到最优组合为:秸秆粉料-粉料滚动摩擦因数为0.05、秸秆粉料-不锈钢板静摩擦因数为0.47、JKR表面能为0.05 J/m^(2);最后,在标定的参数下进行堆积角和模孔压缩试验对比,结果表明,仿真堆积角与实测堆积角相对误差为0.68%,仿真与实际试验压缩位移相对误差为0.98%,通过对比分析两次试验中秸秆粉料模孔压缩位移变化曲线的拟合情况,得出两曲线间的决定系数R~2为0.962 7,说明所得相关参数可用于秸秆粉料致密成型离散元仿真。展开更多
基金Supported by the Fork Ying Tong Education Foundation (Grant No. 81029)
文摘In order to study mechanical behaviors of corn stalk powder during the compaction, the yield criterion for corn stalk powder is proposed with a plasticity theory. From the stress-strain curves of uni-axial compaction test for corn stalk powder, the constitutive model, in which the equations are modified by experiments on corn stalk powder, is adopted to describe plastic behaviors of powder, and is discussed based on the incremental theory and deformation theory. The numerical results agree well with the experimental ones.
文摘Research shows that producing fermented camel milk is hard because of the milk’s inability to form a firm coagulum, attributed to low levels of κ-casein and ꞵ-lactoglobulin and the large casein micelle size, leading to a weak network of casein formation. In an effort to address this issue, researchers turned to corn starch as a thickening agent, discovering that a concentration of 2.0% effectively improved the viscosity and significantly reduced syneresis in stirred camel milk yoghurt and cultured camel milk. This study explores alternatives to corn starch, focusing on butternut squash seeds as a promising substitute due to their hydrocolloid composition. By incorporating butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata) seed powder (BSSP) as a thickening agent, this study aimed at enhancing the chemical and rheological properties of stirred camel milk yoghurt and cultured camel milk. Fermented camel milk was prepared using 4 litres of camel milk, 2% starter cultures (thermophilic culture for yoghurt and mesophilic aromatic culture for stirred cultured camel milk) and BSSP 0.0% (negative control), 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6%, 2.0% mixed with 0.4% gelatin. 2.0% corn starch mixed with 0.4% gelatin was used as a standard for comparison. Results showed that increasing the BSSP level significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the moisture content while increasing the total solid content of stirred fermented camel milk products. There was an increase in ash content with an increase in BSSP levels. There was a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the pH, with an increase in BSSP levels in stirred fermented camel milk samples. Increasing the concentration of BSSP from 0.4% to 2.0% resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) increase in viscosity and a reduction in syneresis of stirred camel milk yoghurt and stirred cultured camel milk samples. This study demonstrated that BSSP effectively enhances the viscosity, reduces syneresis and increases acidity in stirred fermented camel milk products during storage.
文摘为了提升秸秆粉料致密成型过程中离散元仿真所需参数的准确性,以玉米秸秆粉料为研究对象,利用EDEM软件中的Hertz-Mindlin with JKR粘结接触模型进行玉米秸秆粉料致密成型离散元仿真模型参数标定研究。首先,以接触参数的物理试验结果作为仿真参数选择依据,应用Plackett-Burman试验对初始参数进行筛选,方差分析结果表明,玉米秸秆粉料间滚动摩擦因数、粉料与不锈钢板间静摩擦因数以及JKR表面能对堆积角影响显著;其次,以堆积角为评价指标,应用Box-Behnken试验建立了堆积角与3个显著性参数的二次多项式回归模型,以物理试验得到的实际堆积角42.60°为目标值,对显著性参数进行寻优,得到最优组合为:秸秆粉料-粉料滚动摩擦因数为0.05、秸秆粉料-不锈钢板静摩擦因数为0.47、JKR表面能为0.05 J/m^(2);最后,在标定的参数下进行堆积角和模孔压缩试验对比,结果表明,仿真堆积角与实测堆积角相对误差为0.68%,仿真与实际试验压缩位移相对误差为0.98%,通过对比分析两次试验中秸秆粉料模孔压缩位移变化曲线的拟合情况,得出两曲线间的决定系数R~2为0.962 7,说明所得相关参数可用于秸秆粉料致密成型离散元仿真。
