Dependence of dynamic contour and Goldmann applanation tonometries on peripheral corneal thickness

AIM：To determine the effects of peripheral corneal thickness（PCT）on dynamic contour tonometry（DCT）and Goldmann applanation tonometry（GAT）.METHODS：A cross-sectional study.We created a software which calculates the corneal contour（CC）as a function of the radius from the corneal apex to each pixel of the contour.The software generates a central circumference with a radius of 1 mm and the remainder of the cornea is segmented in 5 rings concentric with corneal apex being its diameter not constant around the corneal circumference as a consequence of the irregular CC but keeping constant the diameter of each ring in each direction of the contour.PCT was determined as the mean thickness of the most eccentric ring.Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing（LOWESS）regression was used to determine the pattern of the relationship between PCT and both DCT and GAT respectively.Thereafter,two multivariable linear regression models were constructed.In each of them,the dependant variable was intraocular pressure（IOP）as determined using GAT and DCT respectively.In both of the models the predictive variable was PCT though LOWESS regression pattern was used to model the relationship between the dependant variables and the predictor one.Age and sex were also introduced control variables along with their first-degree interactions with PCT.Main outcome measures include amount of IOP variation explained through regression models（R2）and regression coefficients（B）.RESULTS：Subjects included 109 eyes of 109 healthy individuals.LOWESS regression suggested that a 2nd-degree polynomial would be suitable to model the relationshipbetween both DCT and GAT with PCT.Hence PCT was introduced in both models as a linear and quadratic term.Neither age nor sex nor interactions were statistically significant in both models.For GAT model,R2was 17.14%（F=9.02;P=0.0002）,PCT linear term B was-1.163（95%CI：-1.163,-0.617）.PCT quadratic term B was 0.00081（95%CI：0.00043,0.00118）.For DCT model R2was 14.28%（F=9.29;P=0.0002）,PCT linear term B was-0.712（95%CI：-1.052,-0.372）,PCT quadratic term was B=0.0005（95%CI：0.0003,0.0007）.CONCLUSION：DCT and GAT measurements are conditioned by PCT though this effect,rather than linear,follows a2nd-degree polynomial pattern.

Comparison of central corneal thickness measurements with three new optical devices and a standard ultrasonic pachymeter

AIM:To compare the RTVue spectral optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT),Sirius Scheimpflug-Placido topographer,Lenstar optical low coherence reflectometry(OLCR)and ultrasound pachymetry(USP)devices in terms of their agreement and repeatability of measuring central corneal thickness(CCT).METHODS:In this prospective study,50 eyes of 50patients were included.Three repeated measures were obtained using SD-OCT,Scheimpflug-Placido topographer and USP and five measurements were determined with the OLCR.Bland-Altman plots were used to assess agreement among the instruments,and 95%limits of agreement(LoA)for each comparison were calculated.Intra-examiner repeatability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs).RESULTS:The mean CCT by SD-OCT,ScheimpflugPlacido topographer,OLCR,and USP were 525.90±34.08μm,525.92±34.10μm,530.30±35.62μm,and543.50±37.11μm respectively.All 4 modalities of CCT measurements correlated closely with each other,with Pearson correlation coefficients ranging from 0.977 to0.995.The mean differences(and upper/lower LoA)for CCT measurements were-0.05±6.77μm(13.3/-13.3)between SD-OCT and Scheimpflug-Placido topographer,4.38±3.79μm(11.8/-3.1)between OLCR and SD-OCT,4.38±6.03μm(16.2/-7.5)between OLCR and ScheimpflugPlacido topographer,13.20±6.46μm(25.9/0.5)between USP and OLCR,17.59±6.76μm(30.8/4.3)between USP and SD-OCT,and 17.58±8.13μm(33.5/1.6)between USP and Scheimpflug-Placido topographer.Intra-examiner repeatability was excellent for all devices with ICCs】0.98.CONCLUSION:For most practical purposes,CCT measurements with the RTVue,Sirius and Lenstar can be used interchangeably.Although highly correlated,CCTmeasurement differences between USP and these 3optical instruments can be significant depending on the clinical situation.

Eye rubbing-induced changes in intraocular pressure and corneal thickness measured at five locations, in subjects with ocular allergy

AIM: To assess the effects of eye rubbing on corneal thickness(CT) and intraocular pressure(IOP)measurements obtained 0-30 min after habitual eye rubbing in symptomatic patients.METHODS: Measurements of IOP and CT were obtained at five locations(central, temporal, superior,nasal and inferior) before, and every 5min for 30 min interval after 30 s of eye rubbing, for 25 randomly selected eyes of 14 subjects with ocular allergy and 11age-matched normals. Differences in measurements were calculated in each group [Baseline measurements minus measurements recorded at each time interval after eye rubbing(for IOP), and for each corneal location(for CT)]and comparison were then made between groups(allergic versus control) for differences in any observed effects.RESULTS: Within groups, baseline mean IOPs in the allergic patient-group(14.2 ±3.0 mm Hg) and in the control group(13.1±1.9 mm Hg) were similar at all times,after eye rubbing(P 】0.05, for all). The maximum reduction in IOP was 0.8 mm Hg in the control subjects and the maximum increase was also 0.8 mm Hg in the allergic subjects. Between groups(allergic versus control), the changes in IOP remained under 1 mm Hg at all times(P =0.2) after 30 min of eye rubbing. Between 0and 30 min of CT measurements after eye rubbing, the mean central CT(CCT), inferior CT(ICT), superior CT(SCT), temporal CT(TCT) and nasal CT(NCT) did not vary significantly from baseline values in the control and allergic-subject groups(P 】0.05, for both). Between both groups, changes in CT were similar at all locations(P 】0.05)except for the TC which was minimally thinner by about4.4 μm(P =0.001) in the allergic subjects than in the control subjects, 30 min following 30 s of eye rubbing.CONCLUSION: IOP measured in allergic subjects after30 s of habitual eye rubbing was comparable with that obtained in normal subjects at all times between 0 and30 min. Although, CT in the allergic subjects were similar to those of the control subjects at all times, it varied between +10 and-7.5 μm following eye rubbing, with the temporal cornea showing consistent reductions in thickness in the subjects with allergy. However, this reduction was minimal and was considered to not be clinically relevant.

Changes in intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness during pregnancy:a systematic review and Meta-analysis

AIM：To conduct a Meta-analysis for investigating the variations in intraocular pressure（IOP）and central corneal thickness（CCT）during normal pregnancy.METHODS：We searched for clinical trials published up to November 2015 without language or region restrictions in Pub Med,EMBASE,Web of Science,the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,Ovid,EBSCO,Elsevier,the Chinese Biomedicine Database,Wan Fang,CNKI,CQVIP and Google Scholar.Studies of the ocular changes observed in pregnant women were selected.The main outcomes were assessed by changes in IOP and CCT.RESULTS：Fifteen studies were included.In subgroup analyses,IOP was significantly decreased during the second MD=-1.53,95%CI（-2.19,-0.87）;P〈0.00001,and third MD=-2.91,95%CI（-3.74,-2.08）;P〈0.00001 trimesters of pregnancy.CCT was increased during the second MD=10.12,95%CI（2.01,18.22）;P=0.01,trimester of pregnancy;moreover,during the third trimester of pregnancy,the CCT displayed an increasing trend,but the difference was not significant MD=5.98,95%CI（-1.11,13.07）;P=0.1.CONCLUSION：A decrease in IOP is accompanied by an increase in CCT in the second and third trimesters of a normal pregnancy in women.

Corneal endothelial cell density and morphology and central corneal thickness in Guangxi Maonan and Han adolescent students of China

AIM: To investigate the corneal endothelial cell density and morphology and central corneal thickness in the Guangxi Maonan and Han adolescent students of China.METHODS: Noncontact specular microscope(Topcon SP3000 P, Tokyo, Japan) was performed in 133 adolescent students of Maonan nationality(M:F 54:79)and 105 adolescent students of Han nationality(M:F 50:55),5 to 20 y of age, who were randomly selected from 3schools in Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China.Parameters studied included endothelial cell density,mean cell area, coefficient of variation in cell size,percentage hexagonality and central corneal thickness. RESULTS: Endothelial cell density, mean cell area,coefficient of variation in cell size, percentage hexagonality and central corneal thickness in the study population were(2969.50 ±253.93) cells/mm2,(339.23 ±29.44) μm2,(29.96 ±4.07) %,(64.58 ±9.41) % and(523.71 ±32.82) μm in Maonan and(2998.26 ±262.65) cells/mm2,(336.11±30.07) μm2,(29.89±5.03) %,(64.91±11.64) % and(524.39 ±33.15) μm in Han, respectively. No significant differences were observed in endothelial cell density,mean cell area, coefficient of variation in cell size,percentage hexagonality and central corneal thickness between Maonan and Han(P =0.615, 0.659, 0.528, 0.551,0.999). In Maonan and Han, we found age was negatively correlated with endothelial cell density and percentagehexagonality and positively correlated with mean cell area and coefficient of variation in cell size. Negative correlation was also found between central corneal thickness and age in Han, whereas no correlation was found in Maonan. CONCLUSION: There were no differences between Maonan and Han in corneal endothelial cell density and morphology and central corneal thickness. In these two nationalities, there were statistically significant decrease in endothelial cell density and percentage hexagonality with increasing age and statistically significant increase in cell area and coefficient of variation in cell size with increasing age. Central corneal thinned with increasing age in Han, whereas difference did not attain statistical significance in Maonan.

Difference in normal corneal thickness and curvature between Mongolian and Han nationalities

AIM: To investigate the differences in central corneal thickness(CCT) and curvature in myopic patients with different genders between Mongolian and Han nationalities in the Inner Mongolia region.METHODS: Patients with myopia, among whom 122cases(244 eyes) were Mongolian and 150 cases(300eyes) were Han, were selected. Pentacam was used to measure the corneal curvature, whereas CCT was determined by Pentacam, Orbscan and ultrasound pachymetry.RESULTS: Comparisons of the curvature of men and women in Mongolia showed a significant difference(P 【0.05) by comparing of the CCT values measured by three methods in Han and Mongolian in Inner Mongolia, we can draw a conclusion that the CCT values measured by Pentacam are less than the values by Orbscan and ultrasound pachymetry, and there are statistically significant difference in CCT measurement among the instruments except between the Orbscan and ultrasound pachymetry. The CCT values of Mongolians are more than Han people, and the analysis exhibited statistical significance. The CCT values measured by Orbscan in Mongolia of women are more than men, the difference showed statistical significance.CONCLUSION: Corneal curvature in Mongolian females was significantly higher than that in males. However, no significant difference was observed among Han males and females. The CCT values of Mongolian females were higher than those of males. The normal CCT values measured by Pentacam in Mongolian myopic patients were smaller than those obtained by Orbscan or ultrasound. The normal CCT values of Mongolian patients with myopia were higher than those reported for domestic people.

Monitoring of central corneal thickness after phacoemulsification—comparison of statical and rotating Scheimpflug pachymetry,and spectral-domain OCT

AIM:To explore the possibility of deploying three contactless devices(static and rotating Scheimpflug technology,spectral domain optical coherence tomography)for measuring central corneal thickness(CCT)in preoperative and postoperative examinations of cataract patients.METHODS:Totally 72 patients who had undergone surgery without complications were selected.The CCT was measured prior to the operation,as well as on the first,5th-7th and 28th day following the operation using the Nidek NT 530-P,Sirius?,and Topcon OCT-2000 devices.RESULTS:A significant postoperative increase and subsequent decrease in CCT was identified with all three devices.The correlations were highly significant and thus reflect a very good degree of comparability at all times with the exception of the rotating Scheimpflug camera.The postoperative results from the latter differed significantly from the other devices.The correlations were Sirius/Topcon(P=0.010)and Sirius/Nidek(P<0.0005).No statistically significant difference could be identified in the comparison between Topcon and Nidek(P=0.056).CONCLUSION:All three devices are suitable for postoperative monitoring of CCT.The measurement results are only comparable to a limited extent and not interchangeable in the course of treating a single patient.This is due to the different imaging technology used in the devices and the resulting modalities for conducting the measurements.

Central corneal thickness measurements in premature infants

AIM:To evaluate the central corneal thickness(CCT)measurements of premature infantsMETHODS:The premature infants who were born between 25-34wk of gestational age(GA)were retrieved for the study.All CCT measurements were performed within the first 2d of their life under topical anesthesia by using an ultrasonic pachymeter.RESULTS:The mean CCT of 200 eyes was 647.79±63.94μm.The mean CCT of the right and left eyes were similar(647.30±64.72μm and 648.29±63.47μm consecutively).The mean CCT of the girls was 642.08±54.89μm and the boys was 653.07±71.14μm,with no statistically significant difference(P】0.05).But there was a negative correlation of the CCT with GA and birth weight(BW)(P【0.01).CONCLUSION:The CCT values of premature babies were negatively correlated with GA and BW.

Manifestations of type 2 diabetes in corneal endothelial cell density,corneal thickness and intraocular pressure

We sought to evaluate central corneal thickness（CCT）,corneal endothelial cell density（ECD）and intraocular pressure（IOP）in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus（DM）and to associate potential differences with diabetes duration and treatment modality in a prospective,randomized study.We measured ECD,CCT and IOP of125 patients with type 2 DM（mean age 57.1±11.5 years）and compared them with 90 age-matched controls.Measured parameters were analyzed for association with diabetes duration and glucose control modalities（insulin injection or oral medication）while controlling for age.In the diabetic group,the mean ECD（2511±252 cells/mm^2）,mean CCT（539.7±33.6μm）and mean IOP（18.3±2.5 mmHg）varied significantly from those the control group[ECD：2713±132 cells/mm^2（P〈0.0001）,CCT：525.0±45.3μm（P=0.003）and IOP：16.7±1.8 mmHg（P〈0.0001）].ECD was significantly reduced by about 32 cell/mm^2 for diabetics with duration of〉10 years when compared with those with duration of〈10 years（P〈0.05）.CCT was thicker and IOP was higher for diabetics with duration of〉10 years than those with duration of〈10 years（P〉0.05）.None of the measured parameters was significantly associated with diabetes duration and treatment modality（P〉0.05）.In conclusion,subjects with type 2DM exhibit significant changes in ECD,IOP and CCT,which,however,are not correlated with disease duration or if the patients receive on insulin injection or oral medications.

Measurement of central corneal thickness and precorneal tear film thickness of rabbits using the Scheimpflug system

AIMTo measure central corneal thickness (CCT) and pre-corneal tear film thickness using the Galilei dual-Scheimpflug analyzer (GSA) in New Zealand white rabbits.

Central Corneal Thickness in Adult Chinese

The central corneal thickness （CCT） in age 48 years or less of Chinese was characterized and its relationship with gender, age, refraction and intraocular pressure （IOP） was investigated. Right eyes of 1669 participants were included in this study （880 men, 52.7 % and 789 women, 47.3 %）. Mean age of the samples was 23.8±5.9 years. After the examination of corneal topography and refraction, Goldman applanation tonometry was carried out by one physician. Tonometric values were the mean of three consecutive readings. Subsequently, another physician carried out ultrasonic pachymetry with the DGH 2000 AP ultrasonic pachymeter. Six measurements were made at the center of the cornea of each eye. The mean value was used for analysis. The results showed that mean CCT of male participants was 551.33±34.62 μm, 5.79μm more than that of female participants. Linear regression analyses revealed that CCT was negatively related with age only in female and no association was found between refractive status and CCT. IOP was positively related to CCT, and there was a difference in IOP of 1.5 mmHg （1 mmHg=0. 133 kPa） per 100 μm difference in CCT. Ocular hypertension group was prone to have thicker cornea than average. The results indicated that in adult Chinese CCT tended to decrease with aging in female only. IOP measured by Goldmann tonometry was positively related with CCT so that CCT should be measured a- long with IOP.

Effect of silicone oil removal on central corneal thickness

AIM:To evaluate the effect of silicone oil removal(SOR) on central corneal thickness(CCT) in aphakic and pseudophakic eyes prospectively.· METHODS:Patients who underwent SOR surgery between June 2005-August 2007 were included in this study.Silicon oil was actively removed behind the posterior capsule through the pars plana sclerotomy site(posterior approach) in pseudophakic eyes and through the pupil and the corneal tunnel incision(anterior approach) in aphakic eyes with the 18-gauge cannula.CCT was assessed with Orbscan II corneal topography system preoperatively and at one month and three months postoperatively.A total of 34 eyes of 34 patients(26 males,8 females) comprised the study group.Mean age was(55.6±12.3) years(Range:25-80 years).Twenty-six eyes(76.5%) were pseudophakic and 8(23.5%) aphakic.Mean time between silicone oil injection and removal was(15.1±13.6) months(Range:5-54 months).At baseline,CCT was 576.4±46.0μm in pseudophakic eyes and 611.6±36.2μm in aphakic eyes.· RESULTS:At the first postoperative month CCT was(573.3±40.1)μm and(630.9±72.9)μm in pseudophakic and aphakic eyes respectively.At the third postoperative month,CCT was(582.7±49.5)μm and(614.5±82.4)μm in pseudophakic and aphakic eyes respectively.There was no statistically significant difference in CCT measurements one month and 3 months after SOR when compared to preoperative values in both aphakic and pseudophakic eyes(P> 0.05).· CONCLUSION:Active SOR either by anterior or posterior approach did not affect the CCT.·

Blue-on-yellow perimetry and corneal thickness in patients with ocular hypertension

AIM: To evaluate the frequency of blue-on-yellow perimetry (B/YP) deficits in ocular hypertension (OHT) patients and to correlate these findings with central corneal thickness (CCT), and to investigate the influence of age, refraction and gender on the B/YP results in OHT patients. METHODS: The B/YP and CCT were checked respectively in 72 OHT patients with normal white-on-white perimetry (W/WP) and normal optic nerve head. The B/YP was tested by Octopus 101 automated perimetry using G2 strategy, while the CCT was checked with DGH-550 ultrasound pachymeter. All patients were chosen randomly one eye for statistical analysis, a binary regression model was used to determine the independent contribution of variables included in the model, and the differences of the intraocular pressure (TOP), CCT, age, refraction and gender between the normal B/YP group and abnormal B/YP group were compared. RESULTS: Forty-nine out of 72 patients with OHT showed normal B/YP results, whereas 23 of 72 patients (31.9%) demonstrated abnormal B/YP results. CCT showed a correlation with the B/YP results (B=-0.038, SE=0.019, P=0.044), whereas none of the TOP, age, refraction and gender was found to be correlated with the B/YP results. The mean CCT in OHT patients with abnormal B/YP group was lower than that with normal B/YP group (t=2.066, P=0.043). There was a significant positive correlation between TOP and CCT (R(2)=0.513, P=0.000). CONCLUSION: The mean CCT in OHT patients with abnormal B/YP results was lower than that with normal B/YP results. There was a significant positive correlation between TOP and CCT in OHT patients. The age, refraction and gender didn't influence the B/YP results in OHT patients.

Effect of 2% fluorescein on Scheimpflug central corneal thickness measurements

AIM： To assess central corneal thickness （CCT） changes measured with Scheimpflug device following instillation of 2% fluorescein in normal subjects. ~ METHODS： This was a prospective randomized study of 60 hospital volunteers. After baseline CCT measurements of both eyes of 40 subjects were obtained using Scheimpflug system, a drop of preservative-free 2% fluorescein, was instilled in one eye and in other eye, one drop of normal saline （control）. Measurements were repeated after 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60min （continuous assessment group）. Twenty subjects had baseline CCT taken, then fluorescein was instilled in one eye and measurements were taken at lmin. Ten eyes had saline rinse after lmin and 10 other eyes did not, measurements were repeated at 2min （eye rinse group）. RESULTS： The mean baseline CCT for continuous assessment group was 546.2±32.1um （range, 489.0-606.0）, control eyes was 546.6~±30.7 um （range, 489.0-602.0）. At lmin after fluorescein instillation, CCT significantly increased by 37.0±34.0um （P〈0.001）, then decreased gradually, reaching baseline at 60min. CCT variations were not significant in control group （P〉0.05）. For eye rinse group, CCT mean differences between baseline and 2min were 18.2um （95 % Ch -54.7 to 18.3） with rinse and 26.5um （95% CI： -62.9 to 9.9） without rinse; paired sample tests were not significant （P〉0.05）. CONCLUSION： The presence of fluorescein increased CCT value to a clinically relevant level of 6.8%. Eye rinse did not significantly reduce the effect at 2min post fluorescein timepoint.

Determination of Central Corneal Thickness in Patients with Refractive Anomalies and Emmetropy

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare measurements of CCT in emmetropia and patient with refractive anomalies. Methods: We represent a retrospective research which was conducted at the University Clinical Center of Kosovo (UCCK). In this study were included 80 patients, divided into two groups: test and a control group. Mean age was (M = 25.90, DS = 7.16), men (N = 41% or 51.3%) and women (N = 39% or 48%). Results: Results show that there were no differences in the CCT, Hyperopic (M = 545.21 DS = 52.24), Myopic (M = 547.90 DS = 47.93) and Emmetropic (M = 550.75 DS = 41.29). After measuring of the longitudinal axis and analyzing the data by means of Anova test, it appeared to be a significant difference between the analyzed groups, Hyperopic (M = 21.99, DS = 1.27), Myopics (M = 23.21, DS = 1.24), Emmetropic (M = 22.36, DS = 0.81). Results also revealed that there is correlation between the CCT and IOP, where increase CCT decreases IOP and vice versa (r = -0.26, p = 0.01). Conclusion: The results have shown that CCT is thinner in myopic but does not show correlation with hypermetropic and emmetropic. While during the measurement of central corneal thickness and eye tension it is found that there is a negative correlation between them. Keratometry has a negative correlation with CCT. While there was no correlation between CCT and age. Given the role of CCT in interpreting IOP values, it is recommended to perform a systematic CCT measurement in routine clinical practice, which would assist in the diagnosis of ocular hypertension.

The precision and agreement of corneal thickness and keratometry measurements with SS-OCT versus Scheimpflug imaging

Purpose:To assess the repeatability and reproducibility of swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)and Scheimpflug system and evaluate the agreement between the two systems in measuring multiple corneal regions in children.Methods:Pachymetric and keratometric maps for both systems were evaluated.Central,midperipheral and peripheral corneal thickness(CT),keratometry and astigmatism power vectors were recorded.The three outcomes yielded by the same observer were used to assess intraobserver repeatability.The differences in the mean values provided by each observer were used to evaluate interobserver reproducibility.Within-subject standard deviation,test-retest repeatability(TRT)and coefficient of variation(CoV)were used to analyze the intraobserver repeatability and interobserver reproducibility.Paired T-test and Bland-Altman were used to appraise interdevice agreement.Results:Seventy-eight eyes of 78 children were included.The CoV was≤2.12 and 1.10%,respectively,for repeatability and reproducibility.TRT and CoV were lower for central and paracentral CT measurements than for peripheral measurements.The SS-OCT device generated higher precision when acquiring CT data,whereas Scheimpflug system showed higher reliability when measuring corneal keratometry.Although the CT readings measured using SS-OCT were significantly thinner than Scheimpflug device(P<0.001),the central and thinnest CT values were still of high agreement.The interdevice agreement of keratometry measurement was high for the central corneal region and moderate for the paracentral and peripheral areas.Conclusions:The precision of CT measurements by SS-OCT was higher,while the reliability of keratometry measurements by the Scheimpflug system was higher in children.Apart from the measured values in the central corneal region,the thickness and keratometry readings should not be considered interchangeable between the two systems.

The precision and agreement of corneal thickness and keratometry measurements with SS-OCT versus Scheimpflug imaging

Purpose:To assess the repeatability and reproducibility of swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)and Scheimpflug system and evaluate the agreement between the two systems in measuring multiple corneal regions in children.Methods:Pachymetric and keratometric maps for both systems were evaluated.Central,midperipheral and peripheral corneal thickness(CT),keratometry and astigmatism power vectors were recorded.The three outcomes yielded by the same observer were used to assess intraobserver repeatability.The differences in the mean values provided by each observer were used to evaluate interobserver reproducibility.Within-subject standard deviation,test-retest repeatability(TRT)and coefficient of variation(CoV)were used to analyze the intraobserver repeatability and interobserver reproducibility.Paired T-test and Bland-Altman were used to appraise interdevice agreement.Results:Seventy-eight eyes of 78 children were included.The CoV was≤2.12 and 1.10%,respectively,for repeatability and reproducibility.TRT and CoV were lower for central and paracentral CT measurements than for peripheral measurements.The SS-OCT device generated higher precision when acquiring CT data,whereas Scheimpflug system showed higher reliability when measuring corneal keratometry.Although the CT readings measured using SS-OCT were significantly thinner than Scheimpflug device(P<0.001),the central and thinnest CT values were still of high agreement.The interdevice agreement of keratometry measurement was high for the central corneal region and moderate for the paracentral and peripheral areas.Conclusions:The precision of CT measurements by SS-OCT was higher,while the reliability of keratometry measurements by the Scheimpflug system was higher in children.Apart from the measured values in the central corneal region,the thickness and keratometry readings should not be considered interchangeable between the two systems.

Changes of corneal central thickness of aphakia following congenital cataract surgery under the first six months of life

AIM: To observe the central corneal thickness (CCT) changes in infants and young children who had been undergone bilateral congenital cataract surgery, and to compare the changes with normal control group which was selected from healthy population. METHODS: A cross section case-control study contained 28 cases (56 eyes) of bilateral aphakia (aphakic group) due to congenital cataract surgery combining with posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and with anterior vitrectomy during 2-6 months after birth. Fourteen children (28 eyes) of age-sex matched with the aphalic group were selected as normal control group. CCT and intraocular pressure (TOP) were measured postoperatively and the results were compared between groups. RESULTS: The mean CCT was 653.5 +/- 82.4 mu m in the aphakic group and 579.6 +/- 39.2 mu m in the control group, with a significant difference (P=0.000). The mean value of TOP in aphakic group (22.0 +/- 1.6mmHg) was greater than that of control group (16.9 +/- 2.1mmHg), P=0.023. There was a negative correlation between age and CCT in normal control group (r=-0.531, P=0.026), and there was no correlation in bilateral aphakia group (r=-0.324, P=0.165). CONCLUSION: Aphakic children due to congenital cataract surgery have a greater CCT than normal children. It is necessary to consider CCT in evaluating IOP for children after congenital cataract surgery.

Sirius Scheimpflug–Placido versus ultrasound pachymetry for central corneal thickness:meta-analysis

Background:To compare the difference in central corneal thickness(CCT)measurements in normal eyes between a rotating Scheimpflug camera combined with a Placido-disk corneal topographer(Sirius,CSO,Italy)and ultrasound pachymetry(USP).Methods:A systematic literature search was conducted for relevant studies published on PubMed,Medline,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to August 1st,2019.Primary outcome measures were CCT measurements between Sirius and USP.A random effects model was used to pool CCT measurements.Results:A total of twelve studies involving 862 eyes were included in this meta-analysis.The meta-analysis found CCT measurements between Sirius and USP to be statistically significantly different(P<0.0001).The mean difference between Sirius and USP was−11.26μm with a 95%confidence interval(CI)(−16.92μm,−5.60μm).The heterogeneity was I^(2)=60%(P=0.004).Conclusion:CCT measurements with the Sirius Scheimpflug-Placido topographer were statistically significantly lower than USP.However,it may be argued that the mean difference of 11.26μm is not a clinically significant difference.

Sirius Scheimpflug-Placido versus. ultrasound pachymetry for central corneal thickness: meta-analysis

Background:To compare the difference in central corneal thickness(CCT)measurements in normal eyes between a rotating Scheimpflug camera combined with a Placido-disk corneal topographer(Sirius,CSO,Italy)and ultrasound pachymetry(USP).Methods:A systematic literature search was conducted for relevant studies published on PubMed,Medline,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to August 1st,2019.Primary outcome measures were CCT measurements between Sirius and USP.A random effects model was used to pool CCT measurements.Results:A total of twelve studies involving 862 eyes were included in this meta-analysis.The meta-analysis found CCT measurements between Sirius and USP to be statistically significantly different(P<0.0001).The mean difference between Sirius and USP was-11.26μm with a 95%confidence interval(CI)(-16.92μm,-5.60μm).The heterogeneity Was IP=60%(P=0.004).Conclusion:CCT measurements with the Sirius Scheimpflug-Placido topographer were statistically significantly lower than USP.However,it may be argued that the mean difference of 11.26μm is not a clinically significant difference.