Myosteatosis is associated with coronary artery calcification in patients with type 2 diabetes

BACKGROUND Myosteatosis,rather than low muscle mass,is the primary etiologic factor of sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Myosteatosis may lead to a series of metabolic dysfunctions,such as insulin resistance,systematic inflammation,and oxidative stress,and all these dysfunctions are closely associated with the acceleration of T2DM and atherosclerosis.AIM To investigate the association between myosteatosis and coronary artery calcification(CAC)in patients with T2DM.METHODS Patients with T2DM,who had not experienced major cardiovascular events and had undergone both abdominal and thoracic computed tomography(CT)scans,were included.The mean skeletal muscle attenuation was assessed using abdominal CT images at the L3 level.The CAC score was determined from thoracic CT images using the Agatston scoring method.Myosteatosis was diagnosed according to Martin’s criteria.Severe CAC(SCAC)was defined when the CAC score exceeded 300.Logistic regression and decision tree analyses were performed.RESULTS A total of 652 patients with T2DM were enrolled.Among them,167(25.6%)patients had SCAC.Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that myosteatosis,age,duration of diabetes,cigarette smoking,and alcohol consumption were independent risk factors of SCAC.Myosteatosis was significantly associated with an increased risk of SCAC(OR=2.381,P=0.003).The association between myosteatosis and SCAC was significant in the younger patients(OR=2.672,95%CI:1.477-4.834,P=0.002),but not the older patients(OR=1.456,95%CI:0.863-2.455,P=0.188),and was more prominent in the population with lower risks of atherosclerosis.The decision tree analyses prioritized older age as the primary variable for SCAC.In older patients,cigarette smoking was the main contributing factor for SCAC,while in younger patients,it was myosteatosis.CONCLUSION Myosteatosis is a novel risk factor for atherosclerosis in patients with T2DM,especially in the population with younger ages and fewer traditional risk factors.

Elevated IL-37 levels in the plasma of patients with severe coronary arterycalcification

Background Coronary artery calcification （CAC） is a predictor of cardiovascular events and plaque burden and is closely associatedwith chronic inflammation. Intedeukin （IL）-37 is a newly discovered member of the IL-1 family and is considered an anti-inflammatorycytokine. Our recent study on mice indicated that IL-37 could attenuate atherosclerosis and vascular calcification, which suggests that IL-37could be associated with the development of atherosclerosis and related diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate if IL-37 plays arole in the progression of CAC in patients. Methods Two hundred participants with suspected cardiovascular disease were recruited. Thelevels of plasma IL-37, osteoprotegerin （OPG）, hypersensitive C-reactive protein （hsCRP） together with other biochemical parameters weremeasured, and a coronary calcium assessment was carried out by multi-detector row CT. A score of 〈 10 AU （Agatston units） denotes anabsence of CAC, a score of 11-100 AU denotes mild CAC, 101-400 denotes moderate CAC, and 〉 400 AU denotes severe CAC. ResultsOur initial data showed that there were no apparent differences in plasma IL-37 levels among patients with or without mild or moderate CAC.However, IL-37 levels were significantly increased in patients with severe CAC （P 〈 0.001）. Similar results were observed for plasma OPGand hsCRP levels. When IL-37 levels in patients with severe calcification were compared with that in all of the other non-severe CAC groups,it became apparent that there was a significant positive correlation between IL-37 level and severe CAC （r = 0.360, P 〈 0.001; OR = 1.033）using Spearrnan＇s correlation and binary logistic regression analysis. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the anti-inflammatory cy-tokine IL-37 is associated with high coronary calcium levels, suggesting that IL-37 expression may be caused by the activation ofinf/amma-tion and that IL-37 might become a predictor of severe CAC in the future, which requires further investigation.

Coronary artery calcification in chronic kidney disease:An update

Arterial calcification is a well-recognized complication of advanced atherosclerosis.Chronic kidney disease(CKD) is characterized by significantly more pronounced,dis-seminated and fast-progressing calcification of the vascular system,including the coronary arteries.New computed tomography-based imaging techniques al-low for the noninvasive assessment and monitoring of calcification in different vascular sites.Coronary artery calcification(CAC) develops early in the course of CKD and is tightly associated with mineral and bone disor-ders,which include but are not limited to secondary hyperparathyroidism.In this review,recent data on the pathogenesis of CAC development and progression are discussed,with a special emphasis on fibroblast growth factor 23 and its co-receptor,klotho.The prevalence,progression and prognostic significance of CAC are reviewed separately for patients with end-stage renal disease treated with dialysis,kidney transplant recipi-ents and patients with earlier stages of CKD.In the last section,therapeutic considerations are discussed,with special attention paid to the importance of treatment that addresses mineral and bone disorders of CKD.

Association between serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and coronary artery calcification in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Background Coronary artery calcification(CAC)is common in end-stage renal disease(ESRD)patients,and the extent of CAC is closely related to cardiovascular outcomes in ESRD patients.Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein(COMP),as a component of the vascular matrix,has been found to be an inhibitor of arterial calcification in basic studies.However,there is no clinical research on the correlation between COMP and CAC in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)patients.The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between serum COMP levels and CAC and cardiovascular events in MHD patients.Methods Serum COMP levels were compared between 54 MHD patients and 66 healthy people.MHD patients were then divided into three groups according to the tertiles of the concentration of COMP level and were followed up for major adverse cardiac events(MACEs),which were defined as a combined end point of new onset angina pectoris,nonfatal myocardial infarction,heart failure,coronary artery revascularization,hospitalization due to angina pectoris and all-cause deaths.The CAC score was calculated based on computed tomography scans.Results The serum COMP level in MHD patients was significantly higher than that in the general population[984.23(248.43-1902.61)ng/mL vs.219.01(97.26-821.92)ng/mL,P<0.01].Serum COMP levels were positively correlated with CAC(r=0.313,P=0.021)and serum parathyroid hormone in MHD patients(r=0.359,P<0.01).Linear regression suggested that after adjusting for age,fasting blood glucose(Glu)and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc),CAC score was an independent predictor in the final model for COMP level(β=0.424,t=3.130,P<0.01).The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve showed that COMP≥994 mg/mL had 68.0%sensitivity and 72.4%specificity for the prediction of severe CAC[area under the curve(AUC):0.674,P=0.030,95%CI:0.526-0.882].After a median follow-up of 16 months(8-24 months),there was no difference in the incidence rate of MACEs between the upper,middle and lower serum COMP groups.Conclusions Our study found that MHD patients have higher levels of circulating COMP than controls.The serum COMP level is positively correlated with CAC score and could be used as a biomarker of severe CAC in MHD patients.However,there is no obvious correlation between serum COMP levels and the incidence of cardiovascular events.

Current understanding of coronary artery calcification

Coronary artery calcification （CAC） is highly prevalent in patients with coronary heart disease （CHD） and is associated with major adverse cardiovascular events. There are two recognized type of CAC--intimal and medial calcification, and each of them have specific risk factors. Several theories about the mechanism of vascular calcification have been put forward, and we currently believe that vascular calcification is an active, regulated process. CAC can usually be found in patients with severe CHD, and this asymptomatic phenomenon make early diagnosis of CAC important. Coronary computed tomographic angiography is the main noninvasive tool to detect calcified lesions. Measurement of coronary artery calcification by scoring is a reasonable metric for cardiovascular risk assessment in asymptomatic adults at intermediate risk. To date, effective medical treatment of CAC has not been identified. Several strategies of percutaneous coronary interven- tion have been applied to CHD patients with CAC, but with unsatisfactory results. Prognosis of CAC is still a major problem of CHD pa- tients. Thus, more details about the mechanisms of CAC need to be elucidated in order to improve the understanding and treatment of CAC.

Ideal Cardiovascular Health Metrics and Coronary Artery Calcification in Northern Chinese Population:A Cross-sectional Study

Objective Coronary artery calcification（CAC） is a well-established risk predictor of coronary heart disease events and is recognized as an indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis.Methods A cross-sectional study consisting of 2999 participants aged ≥40 years from the Jidong community of Tangshan City,an industrial and modern city of China,was conducted between 2013 and 2014 to examine the association between the ideal cardiovascular health（CVH） metrics and CAC.The ideal CVH metrics were determined based on the definition of the American Heart Association（AHA）.The participants were then grouped into 4 categories according to the quartiles of their CVH metric scores as follows：first quartile（0-2）,second quartile（3）,third quartile（4）,and fourth quartile（5-7）.CAC was assessed by using high-pitch dual-source CT,and patients were identified based on thresholds of 0,10,100,or 400 Agatston units,as per common practice.Results The prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis was 15.92%,13.85%,6.76%,and 1.93%,determined by using the CAC scores at thresholds of 0,10,100,and 400 Agatston units,respectively.Compared with the group in the first quartile,the other three CVH groups had a lower odds ratio of CAC 0 after adjusting for age,sex,income level,education level,and alcohol use in the logistic regression analysis.The odds ratios in these groups were 0.86 [95% confidence interval（CI）,0.63-1.17;P0.05],0.75（95% CI,0.55-1.02;P0.05）,and 0.49（95% CI,0.35-0.69;P0.05）,respectively.These associations of CAC with the CVH metrics were consistent when different CAC cutoff scores were used（0,10,100,or 400）.Conclusion The participants with more-ideal cardiovascular metrics had a lower prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis determined according to CAC score.Maintaining an ideal cardiovascular health may be valuable in the prevention of atherosclerosis in the general population.

Modifications of Coronay Artery Calcifications (CAC) and Correlations with C Reactive Protein (CRP) Levels in Renal Recipients after the First Year of Transplantation

The purpose of the present study was to determine the association between presence and progression of Coronary Artery Calcifications (CAC) quantified with Agatston Score (AS) and inflammatory index as CRP and other parameters in unselected renal transplant recipients. Forty-five patients were underwent a baseline Multislice CT (MSCT) at the time of renal transplant and a repeat evaluation 12 - 16 months later. After second MSCT recipients were divided in three groups: Gr1 (26 patients) with absence of CAC at basal and second MSCT, Gr2 (11 patients) with reduction of CAC after one year and Gr3 (8 patients) with increased values of CAC after one year. Mean +/- Standard deviation of basal and after one year values of AS and CRP were respectively: Gr1: 2 +/-3;2 +/- 5 and 0.4 +/- 0.3;0.55 +/- 0.67;Gr2: 317 +/- 288;212 +/- 242 and 0.9 +/- 1.1;0.55 +/- 0.6;Gr3: 854 +/- 1168;1032 +/- 1153 and 0.8 +/- 0.8;1.1 +/-?0.96. We found capacity of renal transplantation to protect against development of new calcium deposits in recipients without CAC at time of transplantation. While we confirmed association in Gr2 between reduction of CAC with reduction of CRP levels and in Gr3 between increased levels of CRP with increasing of CAC. Conclusion: In this preliminary study, renal transplantation appears to slow down or increasing CAC, in strict association with modifications of CRP levels. Long term studies are needed to confirm our preliminary data and to determine the effects of CAC on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in renal transplant recipients.

Altered serum level of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and its association with coronary calcification in patients with coronary heart disease

Background Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein （COMP） is mainly found in the skeletal system and vascular smooth muscle cells. Recent researches showed that it had a protective function on blood vessels and could also inhibit vascular calcification. We investigated the serum COMPs in coronary heart disease （CHD） patients, and the relationship between serum COMP and the calcification of coronary artery. Methods A total of 233 consecutive chest pain patients who first underwent coronary angiography followed by multi-slice computed to- mography （MSCT） within six months were recruited and divided into two groups according to the coronary angiography luminal diameter narrowing percentages： CHD group （diameter narrowing 〉 50%, n = 194） and control group （diameter narrowing 〈 50%, n = 39）. The Gen- sini score, Syntax score and coronary artery calcium score （CACs） were calculated. The serum COMP level was determined using ELISA. Results The levels of COMP were significantly higher in the CHD group than in the control group 155.7 （124.5-194.5） ng/mL vs. 128.4 （113.0-159.9） ng/mL, P = 0.019. There were no correlation between COMP, Gensini score, Syntax score, severity of coronary stenosis and the number of coronary artery with stenosis 〉 50%. The serum COMP was correlated with age （r = 0.294, P 〈 0.001）, fasting glucose （r = 0.163, P = 0.015）, HbAlc （r = 0.194, P = 0.015） and CACs （r = 0.137, P = 0.037）. Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that COMP level and age were independent predictors of CACs in the CHD patients （fl = 0.402, t = 2.612, P = 0.015; fl = 0.472, t = 3.077, P = 0.005）. Performance of COMP for predicting CHD was shown as area under curve （AUC）： 0.632, 95% CI： 0.549-0.715 and upper tertile CACs was AUC： 0.602, 95% CI： 0.5264）.678 in receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve analysis. Conclusion Calcification of coronary artery was an independent predictor of serum COMPs.

CAC评分结合临床特征预测冠心病CCTA的价值研究

目的探讨冠状动脉钙化(CAC)评分对非典型胸痛患者冠状动脉CT血管成像(CCTA)结果的预测价值。方法纳入953名因非典型胸痛而接受CCTA和CAC扫描的患者数据,包括心血管危险因素、CAC评分等在内的63个变量被用来建立随机森林(RF)模型。参与者中70%作为训练模型,30%为验证模型。将RF模型的预测性能与两种传统的Logistic回归模型进行了比较。结果梗阻性冠心病的发生率为16.4%。射频模型的受试者特征下面积为0.841,CACS模型为0.746,临床模型为0.810。RF模型明显优于其他两种模型(P<0.05)。此外,校正曲线和Hosmer-Lemesow检验表明,RF模型具有良好的分类性能(P=0.556)。CAC评分、年龄、血糖、同型半胱氨酸和中性粒细胞是RF模型中最重要的五个变量。结论RF模型在预测梗阻性CAD方面优于传统模型。在临床实践中,RF模型可以改善风险分层,优化个体管理。

Aortic arch calcification on chest X-ray combined with coronary calcium score show additional benefit for diagnosis and outcome in patients with angina

Background The coronary artery calcium （CAC） and aortic arch calcification （AoAC） are individually associated with cardiovascular disease and outcome. This study investigated the predictive value of AoAC combined with CAC for cardiovascular diagnosis and outcome in patients with angina. Methods A total of 2018 stable angina patients who underwent chest X-ray and cardiac multi-detector computed tomography were followed up for four years to assess adverse events, which were categorized as cardiac death, stroke, myocardial infarction, or repeated revascularization. The extent of AoAC on chest X-ray was graded on a scale from 0 to 3. Results During the four years of fol- low-up, 620 patients were treated by coronary stenting and 153 （7%） adverse events occurred. A higher grade of AoAC was associated with a higher CAC score. Cox regression showed that the CAC score, but not AoAC, were associated with adverse events. In patients with CAC score 〈 400, AoAC showed an additive predictive value in detecting significant coronary artery disease （CAD）. A gradual increases in the risk of adverse events were noted if AoAC was present in patients with similar CAC score. Conclusions As AoAC is strongly correlated with the CAC score regardless of age or gender, careful evaluation of CAD would be required in patients with AoAC on conventional chest X-rays.

Calcific aorta and coronary artery： two cases of calcific ascending aorta and descending aorta

Calcific aorta is a disease of old age and is an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Here, we present two patients with calcific aorta at different levels. One with a descending porcelain aorta, and modified Bentall＇s procedure was done. Second is a patient who is having a calcific ascending aorta and coronary artery. Coronary artery bypass grafting from left internal mammary artery to left anterior descending was done for the patient. The calcification and its morbidity had been discussed briefly.

Impact of main vessel calcification on procedural and clinical outcomes of bifurcation lesion undergoing provisional single-stenting intervention: a multicenter, prospective, observational study

Background Few data on the combined effects of bifurcation and calcification on coronary artery disease(CAD)patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)are available.This study evaluated the impact of main vessel(MV)calcification on the procedural and long-term outcomes in patients with CAD who underwent provisional single stent PCI.Methods This is a multicenter,prospective,observational study.Patients with bifurcation lesions were enrolled at 10 PCI centers in China from January 2015 to December 2017.Intravascular ultrasound or optical coherence tomography was performed in all patients to evaluate the MV calcification.Patients were treated with provisional single stent strategy using drug eluting stents and followed-up at 1 month,6 months and 12 months after discharge by telephone contact or outpatient visit.Repeated coronary imaging was performed within one year.We compared the procedural success rates in MV and in side branch(SB),and target lesion failure(TLF),defined as a composite of cardiac death,non-fatal myocardial infarction,definite or possible stent thrombosis and target lesion revascularization between patients with and without MV calcification.Results A total of 185 subjects were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study.MV calcification was detected in 119(64.3%,calcification group)and not found in 66(35.7%,non-calcification group)patients.The angiographic success rate of MV was 95.8%in the calcification group and 97.0%in the non-calcification group(P=0.91);the angiographic success rate of SB was 32.8%in the calcification group and 53.0%in the non-calcification group(P<0.05).During the one-year follow-up period,TLF occurred in 14(11.8%)patients in the calcification group and in 13(19.7%)in the non-calcification group{P=0.31).Multivariate regression analysis showed the same result(HR=1.23,95%CI:0.76-1.52,P=0.47).Calcification on group had higher recurrent angina than non-calcification group(13.51%vs.17.65%,P<0.05).Conclusions In patients with coronary bifurcation lesion treated with provisional one stent approach,calcification of MV is associated with lower SB procedural success rate,it could increase recurrence of angina;however,it was not associated with an increased risk of TLF.

Coronary artery disease in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus estimated by electron beam computed tomography and electron beam computed tomography angiography

Objective To assess the prevalence and risk of coronary artery disease(CAD)in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)using electron beam computed tomography(EBCT)and EBCT angiography(EBCTA).Methods:Ninety-four cases were enrolled in this study including diabetes(n=28),impaired glucose tolerance(IGT,n=30),coronary heart disease(CHD,n=11),and control(n=25).Cardiac EBCT plain scanning and EBCTA were performed on all of these subjects to evaluate coronary artery calcifica-tion(CAC)scores,and number of segments of stenosed coronary arteries.Both CAC and/or coronary artery stenosis were defined as patients with coronary artery lesions(CAL).Results CAC scores were not different with the control,diabetes,IGT,or CHD(P>0.05)groups.Compared to control(0.520±1.295),more stenosed coronary arteries segments(P<0.05)were detected in diabetes(2.964±1.915),IGT(2.200±2.024),and CHD(2.273±1.679).Number of stenosed artery segments were correlated with age(r=0.215,P=0.019),postprandial glucose(r=0.224,P=0.015),total cholesterol(r=0.323,P=0.000),and duration of diabetes(r=0.208,P=0.004).The incidences of CAL in diabetes(96.43%),IGT(93.33%),and CHD(90.91%)was substantially higher than that in normal control(56.00%,P<0.01).The odds ratio of CAL associated with having diabetes was estimated to be 7.514(95%CI:1.885-63.778).Conclusions Coronary artery lesions are prevalent in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes,implying a high CAD risk.EBCTA holds potential in depicting the details of CAL and can be used to track the progression of CAD in diabetes patients.

对比罗沙司他与重组人促红细胞生成素对维持性血液透析患者冠状动脉钙化的影响

目的对比罗沙司他与重组人促红细胞生成素(rHuEPO)对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者冠状动脉钙化的影响。方法采用回顾性分析的方法,选取重庆医科大学附属第一医院血液净化中心2019年4月至2021年6月处方中含罗沙司他的56例MHD患者作为ROX组,同期处方中含rHuEPO的60例MHD患者作为EPO组,随访观察12个月,比较两组患者治疗前后实验室检查指标、冠状动脉钙化积分(CACS)、心脏超声参数的差异及随访期间心脑血管事件发生情况。结果治疗前及治疗后两组患者的CACS比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);但ROX组患者治疗前后的CACS差值明显低于EPO组患者(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗前后心脏超声参数及实验室检查指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随访期间,ROX组患者的脑卒中和心肌梗死发生率显著低于EPO组(P<0.05),但两组间因心衰住院的发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论与rHuEPO比较,罗沙司他可能对延缓MHD患者冠状动脉钙化有积极作用,且可能有利于减少MHD患者心肌梗死、脑卒中的发生。

慢性肾脏病腹膜透析患者血脂水平与冠状动脉钙化严重程度的关系

[目的]探讨慢性肾脏病(CKD)腹膜透析(PD)患者血脂水平与冠状动脉钙化(CAC)严重程度的关系。[方法]选取2018年6月—2021年12月本院收治的205例进行PD治疗的CKD患者作为研究对象,根据CAC评分将患者分为钙化组(n=152)和未钙化组(n=53),并将钙化组分为轻度钙化组(n=61)、中度钙化组(n=50)和重度钙化组(n=41),采用单因素分析比较患者临床资料及实验室指标差异;采用限制性三次样条拟合Logistic回归模型分析血脂水平与CAC的关系;采用多元Logistic回归模型分析影响因素,并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线探讨血脂水平对CAC严重程度的预测价值。[结果]与未钙化组相比,钙化组年龄、糖尿病比例、体质指数(BMI)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)、血磷水平显著增加,血尿酸(UA)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)、血镁、25-羟维生素D3(25-(OH)-VitD3)水平显著降低(P<0.05);Logistic回归显示,调整年龄、糖尿病等因素后TC(OR=1.79,95%CI:1.56~2.10)、TG(OR=2.13,95%CI:1.86~2.41)、HDLC(OR=0.67,95%CI:0.42~0.84)、LDLC(OR=2.01,95%CI:1.78~2.32)仍是CAC发生的危险因素,且随着TG、TC、LDLC水平升高,HDLC水平降低,其关联效应值也相应增高(P趋势<0.05);与轻度钙化组相比,中度钙化组、重度钙化组年龄、TG、TC均显著增加,HDLC均显著降低,中度钙化组UA显著增加,重度钙化组LDLC、血磷显著增加,血镁、25-(OH)-VitD3显著降低;与中度钙化组相比,重度钙化组TC、LDLC显著增加,UA、HDLC显著降低(均P<0.05),且多元Logistic回归模型表明高龄,TG、TC、LDLC水平升高及HDLC水平降低是CKD患者PD治疗后发生重度CAC的独立危险因素(均P<0.05);限制性三次样条回归分析表明血脂水平与CAC严重程度呈明显的相关性;ROC曲线分析显示,血TG、TC、HDLC、LDLC联合检测的AUC为0.897,灵敏度为0.899,特异度为0.826,表明TG、TC、HDLC、LDLC联合检测对进行PD治疗的CKD患者CAC严重程度的预测价值高于任一单一指标。[结论]进行PD治疗的CKD患者,血TG、TC、LDLC水平升高及HDLC水平降低与CAC发生风险显著相关,并且参与了CAC的发生发展,临床可通过联合检测提高其预测价值。

基于CCTA的ΔCT-FFR对重度钙化冠状动脉功能学评估的临床价值分析

目的探讨基于冠状动脉计算机断层扫描血管成像(CCTA)的血流储备分数(CT-FFR)和冠状动脉病变最严重狭窄处的近端与远端CT-FFR测量差值(ΔCT-FFR)对重度钙化冠状动脉功能学评估诊断效能的临床价值。方法收集2018年1月-2019年6月解放军总医院心血管内科收治住院的107例冠心病(CAD)患者的149支血管进行回顾性分析。所有患者住院期间依次进行CCTA、CT-FFR、侵入性冠状动脉造影(ICA)和有创血流储备分数(FFR)检查。以单支冠状动脉钙化积分(CACS)≥100判断为血管水平的重度钙化,根据CACS水平将冠状动脉分为CACS≥100组(n=56)和CACS<100组(n=93)。以FFR≤0.8作为诊断冠状动脉血流动力学异常的“金标准”,ΔCT-FFR定义为冠状动脉病变最严重狭窄处近端与远端CTFFR的测量差值。采用Pearson相关和Bland-Altman图评估血管水平CT-FFR与FFR值的相关性和一致性。通过ΔCT-FFR校正CT-FFR的检测结果,使用Delong检验比较不同诊断方法间受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)的曲线下面积(AUC),在血管水平分析其对重度钙化冠状动脉功能学评估诊断效能的增量价值。结果在血管水平CT-FFR与FFR值具有较好的相关性(CACS≥100组:r=0.71,P<0.01;CACS<100组:r=0.73,P<0.01)和一致性(CACS≥100组:Mean=-0.01,P=0.25;CACS<100组:Mean=0,P=0.96)。与CACS<100组比较,CACS≥100组FFR(0.80±0.08 vs.0.84±0.09,P=0.004)和CT-FFR值(0.81±0.06 vs.0.85±0.06,P<0.001)明显降低,ΔCT-FFR值(0.14±0.06 vs.0.09±0.06,P<0.001)明显增高。与CACS<100组比较,CACS≥100组CT-FFR的诊断效能明显下降[(AUC=0.792,95%CI 0.663~0.889)vs.(AUC=0.929,95%CI 0.856~0.972),P=0.04]。经ΔCT-FFR校正诊断后,CACS≥100组CT-FFR的诊断效能较前明显提高[(AUC=0.876,95%CI 0.760~0.949)vs.(AUC=0.792,95%CI0.663~0.889),P=0.02],与CACS<100组差异无统计学意义(P=0.37)。结论对于重度钙化冠状动脉,经ΔCT-FFR校正后,CT-FFR评估冠状动脉功能学的诊断效能明显提高。

CT胸椎骨定量与冠脉及胸主动脉钙化相关研究

目的探讨常规CT中胸椎椎体骨质定量与冠脉及胸主动脉钙化相关性。方法收集217例患者一般资料、生化指标及冠脉CTA。测量冠脉、胸主动脉钙化积分,分为钙化组与非钙化组。测量T6~11椎体松质骨及皮质骨密度,椎体骨赘积分。进行组间比较、相关分析及回归分析。结果冠脉与胸主动脉钙化组年龄、收缩压、血糖及骨赘积分均高于非钙化组,松质骨密度低于非钙化组(P<0.05)。冠脉钙化积分与年龄、收缩压、血糖、皮质骨密度及骨赘积分正相关,与松质骨密度负相关(P<0.05)。胸主动脉钙化积分与年龄、收缩压及骨赘积分正相关,与松质骨密度负相关(P<0.05)。回归分析示年龄、收缩压、血糖及骨赘积分是冠脉钙化的独立风险因素,年龄、收缩压及骨赘积分是胸主动脉钙化的独立风险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线示联合应用各独立风险因素能提高对冠脉及胸主动脉钙化风险的预测价值。结论椎体骨赘积分增高和松质骨密度减低与冠脉及胸主动脉钙化显著相关。

血管内碎石术在非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征合并钙化病变患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术中的有效性和安全性

目的观察血管内碎石术(intravascular lithotripsy,IVL)在非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征(non-segment elevation acute coronal syndrome,NSTE-ACS)合并钙化病变患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)术中的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2022年10月至2023年4月期间在焦作市人民医院和焦作市煤业集团中央医院接受IVL治疗的所有患者。收集患者的人口统计学特征、临床数据、手术操作具体数据及相关并发症,观察IVL的有效性和安全性。结果43例患者在此期间接受IVL辅助PCI,年龄(67.77±7.21)岁。76.7%的患者为不稳定型心绞痛,23.3%的患者为急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者。26例(60.5%)为原位病变,11例(25.6%)为支架内再狭窄,6例(13.9%)为支架膨胀不全“补救”治疗。手术成功率为100%。支架植入/DCB后狭窄率为(3.372±4.040)%,最小管腔面积为(9.416±0.940)mm^(2)。围术期有1例患者出现慢血流,围术期主要心血管不良事件(MACE)发生率为16.7%,均为手术相关性心肌梗死,共7例。术后30 d无MACE发生。结论IVL是一种安全有效的修饰冠状动脉钙化以实现支架充分膨胀的新方法。

幽门螺杆菌碳13阳性与冠状动脉严重钙化的相关性分析

目的:探讨幽门螺杆菌碳13呼气试验阳性与冠状动脉钙化严重程度的的相关性。方法:连续入选2021年6月至2023年11月,某三甲医院体检中心体检人员,采集体检人群幽门螺杆菌检测结果,共入选485例,平均年龄(56.6±9)岁,其中男性343例(70.3%)。以及冠状动脉CT结果,并根据冠状动脉钙化积分(coronary artery calcium score,CACS)分为两组,分别为严重钙化组(CACS>400,55例)及(CACS≤400,430例)。结果:入选资料完整体检人群485例,其中幽门螺杆菌阳性126例(26.0%),冠状动脉CTA结果显示冠状动脉严重钙化(钙化积分高于400)共55例(11.3%)。严重钙化组平均年龄显著高于CACS≤400人群[(63.5±8.9)vs.(55.6±8.8),P<0.01],严重钙化组吸烟、饮酒比率高于钙化积分<400组,SBP、FBG、LDL-C水平两组差异有统计学意义。不同冠状动脉钙化程度体检人员的幽门螺杆菌阳性率,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。严重钙化组碳13水平(9.9±15.2),碳13阳性占41.8%,钙化积分<400组碳(135.5±9.9),13C-UBT阳性占23.8%(P均<0.05)。严重钙化组颈动脉斑块比率显著高于CACS≤400组。HP阳性组冠状动脉严重钙化比率显著高于HP阴性组(18.3%vs.8.9%,P=0.004)。HP阳性组心率相对高、HDL-C水平相对低(P均<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析分析显示:年龄、吸烟、血脂是冠状动脉钙化的危险因素,与幽门螺杆菌阴性相比,幽门螺杆菌阳性者发生冠状动脉严重钙化的风险相对高(OR=2.100,95%CI:1.094~4.029,P=0.026)。结论:校正传统的心血管危险因素后,幽门螺杆菌阳性患者具有相对高的冠状动脉粥样硬化风险。

维持性腹膜透析患者血清CHI3L1、HSP60与钙磷代谢、冠状动脉钙化的关系

目的探讨维持性腹膜透析患者血清壳多糖酶3样蛋白1(CHI3L1)、热休克蛋白60(HSP60)与钙磷代谢、冠状动脉钙化的关系。方法选取2021年1月至2023年1月在周口市中心医院接受持续性非卧床腹膜透析或日间非卧床腹膜透析治疗>3个月的98例维持性腹膜透析患者作为研究对象,根据是否存在钙磷代谢异常分别分入钙磷正常组与钙磷异常组,根据多层螺旋CT结果参照Agatston评分法计算其冠状动脉钙化积分(CACS),将98例维持性腹膜透析患者再次分入未钙化组与钙化组,检测并对比两组患者的血清CHI3L1、血清HSP60水平。采用Pearson相关分析探讨血清CHI3L1、HSP60与钙磷代谢指标的关系,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估血清CHI3L1、HSP60对维持性腹膜透析患者冠状动脉钙化的评估价值。通过多因素logistic逐步回归分析探讨维持性腹膜透析患者冠状动脉钙化的影响因素。结果98例维持性腹膜透析患者分为钙磷正常组(43例)、钙磷异常组(55例),钙磷代谢异常组患者血清CHI3L1、HSP60水平高于钙磷代谢正常组患者(P<0.05)。维持性腹膜透析患者血清CHI3L1、HSP60与钙磷乘积呈正相关(P<0.05)。根据多层螺旋CT结果参照Agatston评分法计算其CACS积分,将98例维持性腹膜透析患者分为未钙化组(37例)、钙化组(61例),钙化组患者血清CHI3L1、HSP60水平高于未钙化组患者(P<0.05)。血清CHI3L1、HSP60评估维持性腹膜透析患者预后的AUC分别为0.741、0.826,两者联合评估的AUC为0.915。钙化组患者低蛋白血症、高磷饮食人数及透析龄高于未钙化组(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示:高磷饮食、透析龄、CHI3L1、HSP60是影响维持性腹膜透析患者冠状动脉钙化的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论血清CHI3L1、HSP60在钙磷代谢异常、发生冠状动脉钙化的维持性腹膜透析患者中均呈高表达,及早检测血清CHI3L1、HSP60水平有助于及时防治冠状动脉钙化。