Study on Marine Corrosion and Antifouling Behavior of Copper Alloys Exposed to Sea Areas in China

The relationship of corrosion resistance and antifouling behavior of 19 Cu alloys exposed to seawater of Qingdao ,Xiamen,Yulin sea areas in China for 1,2,4,8 year intervals was studied .The experiments were carried on by analyzing the composition of corrosion films formed on the surface of alloy specimens during the immersion time and by using OM,SEM,EDXA and AES experiment methods.The results verify the view point that it is the cuprous oxide film which played an important role in antifouling property of Cu alloys in seawater and throw a light on the view point in details further.The influence of different sea areas on the antifouling property of Cu alloys is also discussed.

Influence of chemical composition on corrosion resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloy ingots

The influence of chemical composition on corrosion resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloys ingots has been investigated. Mass loss method was applied to evaluate the corrosion resistance of AZ91D alloys and the data were analyzed by multiple regression. The results show that the corrosion resistance of this alloy can be improved by increasing Al, Zn and Mn in a certain degree, and will drop with increasing Si and heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Ni). It is found that ingots received from company F should be listed into unusable materials in terms of the corrosion resistance, while among the five suppliers, the only local company E supplied excellent AZ91D magnesium alloy ingots with the best corrosion resistance.

Effects of ECAE processing temperature on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of pure Mg

A two-step equal channel angular extrusion（ECAE） procedure was used to process pure Mg. The effects of ECAE processing temperature on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of pure Mg were studied. The results show that the average grain size of pure Mg decreases with decreasing extrusion temperature. After ECAE processing at 473 K, fine and equiaxed grains（~9 μm） are obtained. The sample processed at 473 K exhibits the excellent mechanical properties, whereas the sample processed at 633 K has the lowest corrosion rate. The improved corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of pure Mg by ECAE are ascribed to grain refinement and microstructural modification.

Effect of Rolling Process on Comprehensive Properties of Corrosion Resistant Steel for Bottom Plate of Cargo Oil Tanks

A new kind of corrosion resistant steelfor cargo oiltanks（COT）was developed.The influences of finalrolling temperature,cooling rate,and finalcooling temperature on microstructure were investigated.The proper rolling process parameters were obtained through multi-pass thermalsimulation test.The finalrolling temperature is about 820 ℃,the finalcooling temperature is about 600 ℃,and the cooling rate should be controlled between 10 ℃/s and 20 ℃/s.Based on the above analysis of the results,three groups of rolling samples by thermo mechanicalcontrolprocess are prepared.The tensile strength,yield strength,and toughness of the corrosion resistant steelare measured,which meet the requirements of DH36 steel,it can instruct the actualrolling production.The corrosion behaviour is also researched by weight loss and electrochemicalimpedance spectroscopic method,and it is found that the steelhas good corrosion resistance performance,the best one is No.3 steel,the corrosion rate of which is about 1/4 of the accepted criterion.

Review on corrosion resistance properties of Inconel 718 alloy used in the oil and gas industry

This paper summarizes the corrosion behavior of Inconel 718 alloy, which is used in the oil and gas fields, including its uniform corrosion, pitting, intergranular corrosion, galvanic corrosion, stress corrosion, and hydrogen embrittlement. It also analyzes the main reasons for the good corrosion resistance of Inconel 718 alloy. This paper focuses on the effects of the heat-treatment process on corrosive behavior and provides guidelines for reasonable heat treatments in security service environments. Finally, this paper recommends further studies and applications of Inconel 718 in corrosion environments with high-temperature,high-pressure, and wet H2 S.

Role of Heat Treatment Temperatures on Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance Properties of Mg-10.16Li-8.14Al-1.46Er alloy

The microstructure and phase evolution of Mg-10.16Li-8.14Al-1.46Er alloy of as-cast,250℃+12 h,300℃+12 h,and 400℃+12 h were studied by optical microscopy,scanning electron microscope,and X-ray diffraction.The mechanical properties of Mg-10.16Li-8.14Al-1.46Er alloy in different states were tested by microhardness tester and tension tester.The corrosion resistance of Mg-10.16Li-8.14Al-1.46Er alloy in different states was measured by electrochemical workstation combined with hydrogen evolution and mass loss tests.The results show that the microstructure of as-cast Mg-10.16Li-8.14Al-1.46Er alloy consists ofα,β,AlLi,Al3Er and MgAlLi_(2)phases.Changes of microstructure are morphology and quantity ofαphase,and second phases of MgAlLi_(2)and AlLi by heat treatments at different temperatures.The best comprehensive tensile properties of Mg-10.16Li-8.14Al-1.46Er at 400℃are attributed to theαphase structure,solution strengthening and second phase strengthening.After heat treatments at different temperatures,the corrosion resistance of Mg-10.16Li-8.14Al-1.46Er was improved compared with as-cast samples.The Mg-10.16Li-8.14Al-1.46Er alloy has the best corrosion resistance at 250℃due to the best homogenization at this temperature.

High plastic Zr–Cu–Fe–Al–Nb bulk metallic glasses for biomedical applications

Four Zr–Cu–Fe–Al-based bulk metallic glasses（BMGs） with Zr contents greater than 65at% and minor additions of Nb were designed and prepared. The glass forming abilities, thermal stabilities, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance properties of the prepared BMGs were investigated. These BMGs exhibit moderate glass forming abilities along with superior fracture and yield strengths compared to previously reported Zr–Cu–Fe–Al BMGs. Specifically, the addition of Nb into this quaternary system remarkably increases the plastic strain to 27.5%, which is related to the high Poisson＇s ratio and low Young＇s and shear moduli. The Nb-bearing BMGs also exhibit a lower corrosion current density by about one order of magnitude and a wider passive region than 316 L steel in phosphate buffer solution（PBS, pH 7.4）. The combination of the optimized composition with high deformation ability, low Young＇s modulus, and excellent corrosion resistance properties indicates that this kind of BMG is promising for biomedical applications.

Effects of sintering temperature on microstructure and performance of Ti-based Ti-Mn alloy anodic material

A novel Ti-based Ti-Mn composite anode used for electrolytic manganese dioxide(EMD) fabrication was developed by a two-step heating manganizing technique.The effects of sintering temperature on the manganized microstructure and the performance of the composite anode were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),mechanical properties tests at room temperature and electrochemical methods.The results show that the thickness of the diffusion layer increases with the increase of sintering temperature up to 1 100 °C;whereas,the surface Mn content increases and reaches the maximum at 1 000 °C and then decreases thereafter.Lower surface Mn content is beneficial for the enhanced corrosion resistance and lowered open cell voltage in electrolytic process.The new anode prepared under the optimized conditions has been applied in industry and exhibits superior economic benefits to conventional Ti anodic materials.

Influence of silicon coating on the corrosion resistance of Zn-Al-Mg-RE-Si alloy

The electric arc spraying method was used to prepare the Zn-Al-Mg-RE-Si alloy coating with different content of silicon.The corrosion resisting property was measured by copper accelerated salt spray(CASS) and corrosion weightless test.The influence of silicon content on the corrosion resisting property was investigated by XRD,SEM,polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and the electrochemical property of coating in the corrosion process was analyzed.The results showed that the density of coating was improved significantly since the major nonequilibrium glass-like state phase was composed of silicon and other metals existed in the Zn-Al-Mg-RE-Si alloy coating,which prevented the corrosive medium and retarded the corrosion velocity because of compact corrosion products in the corrosion embryo.The Zn-Al-Mg-RE-Si coating had better corrosion resistance than the Zn-Al-Mg-RE because of more positive potential,half corrosion current density and double electrochemical reaction resistance.

Effect of Cr on mechanical properties and corrosion behaviors of Fe-Mn-C-Al-Cr-N TWIP steels

By using scanning electron microscopy（SEM） equipped with electron back-scattered diffraction（EBSD）system, transmission electron microscopy（TEM） and Corr Test4 electrochemical workstation, effects of chromium content（1.35 wt% - 3.95 wt%） on the mechanical properties and anti-corrosion behaviours of high manganese Fe-Mn-C-Al-Cr-N twinning-induced plasticity（TWIP） steels were studied. The results show that Cr content has an obvious influence on the mechanical properties and fracture behaviors of the high manganese TWIP steels. The yield and ultimate tensile strengths of the steel sheets were improved with increasing Cr content while the elongation was reduced. In addition, with the increase of Cr content, the fracture mode changed from ductile fracture pattern with coarse dimples and tear ridges（Cr content ≤ 2.35%） to intergranular fracture（when Cr content is 3.95%）. Furthermore, Cr content has a tremendous effect on anti-corrosion behaviors of the high manganese TWIP steels. The increase of Cr content enhanced the corrosion resistance of the annealed steel sheets by improving the proportion of low-angle boundary.

Microstructure and Corrosion Properties of Duplex-Structured Extruded Mg-6Li-4Zn-xMn Alloys

The extruded Mg-6 Li-4 Zn-xMn(x=0,0.4,0.8,1.2 wt%)alloys were prepared,and the microstructure of the test alloys was investigated by optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The corrosion properties were determined by electrochemical measurements and immersion measurements in 3.5%NaCl solution.The results indicate that the extruded Mg-6 Li-4 Zn-xMn alloys are mainly composed ofα-Mg phase,β-Li phase,Mn precipitates and some intermetallic compounds(MgLi_(2)Zn).With the addition of Mn,stable corrosion products were formed on the surface of the test alloy,which can effectively inhibit further corrosion progress and improve the corrosion resistance.Mg-6 Li-4 Zn-1.2 Mn alloy exhibits the best corrosion resistance,attributed to grain refinement,the improvement of the stability of corrosion product film and uniform distribution of fine second phases.

Evolution of Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Ultrasonic Assisted Welded-Brazed Mg/Ti Joint

Ultrasonic vibration with different powers from 0 k W to 1.6 k W was applied during the tungsten inert gas welding-brazing of Mg/Ti.The microstructures,mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the ultrasonic assisted tungsten inert gas（U-TIG） welded-brazed Mg/Ti joint were characterized.The results showed that,without being subjected to ultrasonic vibration,coarse columnar α-Mg grains occurred in the fusion zone of Mg/Ti joint.However,with ultrasonic power of 1.2 k W,the average grain size of columnar α-Mg grains was refined from 200 μm to about 50 μm and the tensile strength of joints increased^18% up to 228 MPa.Besides,high fraction of grain boundaries was introduced by grain refinement,contributing to improve the corrosion resistance in two ways：（i） accelerating the formation of Mg（OH）2protective layer and（ii） reducing the mismatch and disorder between Mg（OH）2 protective layer and Mg alloy surface.

Influence of Al-Si additions on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Mg-8Li dual-phase alloys

Sheet samples of Mg-8Li,Mg-8Li-3Al,Mg-8Li-3AlSi and Mg-8Li-5AlSi alloys were obtained by hot rolling.Optical microscope,microhardness tester,nanoindentor,X-ray diffractometer and electrochemical analyzer were adopted to investigate the microstructures,micro-mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.Roller was preheated to 150°C before rolling process,and rolling reduction designed was about20% per pass with a total rolling reduction of 84%.The rolled plates were annealed at 200°C for 120 min.The tensile tests were performed at room temperature.Experimental results showed that both the strength and corrosion resistance of theα＋βdual-phase of Mg-Li alloy were significantly improved with adding Al-Si elements.The strength enhancement was attributed to the solid solution of Al into theα-Mg matrix and into theβ-Li matrix as well as to the precipitation strengthening of Mg2 Si particles.Besides,the dendrite grains ofα-Mg transformed to equiaxed ones with addition of Al into alloy Mg-Li.

Influence of bias voltage on structure,mechanical and corrosion properties of reactively sputtered nanocrystalline TiN films

Nanocrystalline TiN films were prepared by DC reactive magnetron sputtering.The influence of substrate biases on structure,mechanical and corrosion properties of the deposited films was studied using X-ray diffraction,field emission scanning electron microscopy,nanoindentation and electrochemical techniques.The deposited films have a columnar structure,and their preferential orientation strongly depends on bias voltage.The preferential orientations change from（200）plane at low bias to（111）plane at moderate bias and then to（220）plane at relatively high bias.Nanohardness H,elastic modulus E,H/E＊and H3/E＊2 ratios,and corrosion resistance of the deposited films increase first and then decrease with the increase in bias voltage.All the best values appear at bias of-120 V,attributing to the film with a fine,compact and less defective structure.This demonstrates that there is a close relation among microstructure,mechanical and corrosion properties of the TiN films,and the film with the best mechanical property can also provide the most effective corrosion protection.

Microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of Mg–9Li–3Al–1.6Y alloy

Mg–9Li–3Al–1.6Y alloys were prepared through mixture method. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of the as-cast and asextruded alloys were studied by optical microscopy（OM）,scanning electronic microscopy（SEM）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, mechanical properties testing, and electrochemical measurement. The as-cast Mg–9Li–3Al–1.6Y alloy with the average grain size of 325 lm is composed of b-Li matrix, block a-Mg, and granule Al2Y phases. After extrusion, the grain size of the as-cast alloy is obviously refined and reaches to 75 lm; the strength and elongation of the extruded alloy are enhanced by 17.20 % and49.45 %, respectively, owing to their fine microstructure and reduction of casting defects. The as-extruded alloy shows better corrosion resistance compared to the as-cast one, which may be related to the low stored energy and dislocation density in the extruded alloy, also the homogenization treatment before extrusion.

Effects of Cr Content on the Microstructure and Properties of 26Cr–3.5Mo–2Ni and 29Cr–3.5Mo–2Ni Super Ferritic Stainless Steels

By using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, strength and hardness measurements, the microstructure, precipitation, mechanical properties, and corrosion resis- tance have been investigated for two super ferritic stainless steels, 26Cr-3.SMo-2Ni and 29Cr-3.5Mo- 2Ni, with the aim to consider the effect of Cr content. The results showed that with the addition of Cr content, the recrystallization temperature was increased; the precipitation of Laves and Sigma （o） phases was promoted and the mechanical properties of super ferritic stainless steel were modified. Further- more, the pitting corrosion resistance and corrosion resistance to H2SO4 of the two super ferritic stainless steels were improved. In addition, suitable annealing processing is a key factor to maintain integrated performance by optimizing microstructure and removing detrimental precipitation phases.