Implications of Elevated Serum Cortisol in the Onset of Postoperative Delirium Following Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Insights from a Bangladesh-Based Single Center Experience

Background: Following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), delirium emerges as a prevalent complication. This study aimed to assess the correlation between elevated serum cortisol levels and the occurrence of postoperative delirium subsequent to off-pump CABG. Methods: Conducted in the Department of Cardiac Surgery at BSMMU from October 2020 to September 2022, this comparative cross-sectional study included a total of 44 participants. Subjects, meeting specific criteria, were purposefully assigned to two groups based on off-pump CABG. Group A (n = 22) consisted of patients with normal serum cortisol levels, while Group B (n = 22) comprised individuals with high serum cortisol levels on the first postoperative day. Delirium onset was assessed at the bedside in the ICU on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th postoperative days using standard tools, namely the Richmond Agitation Sedation score (RASS) and The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM-ICU). Data were collected based on the presence or absence of delirium. Statistical analysis utilized SPSS version 26.0, employing an independent Student’s t-test for continuous data and chi-square and Fischer’s exact test for categorical data. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Group-A had a mean age of 54.50 ± 17.97, and Group-B had a mean age of 55.22 ± 15.45, both with a male predominance (81.81% and 86.36% respectively). The mean serum cortisol level was significantly higher in Group B (829.71 ± vs. 389.98 ± 68.77). Postoperative delirium occurred in 27.3% of Group B patients, statistically significant compared to the 4.5% in Group A. However, patients in Group B who developed delirium experienced significantly longer postoperative ICU and hospital stays (79.29 ± 12.27 vs. 11.44 ± 2.85, p ≤ 0.05). There was one mortality in Group B, which was statistically not significant. Conclusion: This study observed a significant association between elevated serum cortisol levels in the postoperative period and the occurrence of postoperative delirium after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

A Study on the Correlation between Salivary Cortisol Content and Anxiety and Depression in Pregnant and Postpartum Women

Objective: To analyze the correlation between salivary cortisol content and anxiety and depression in pregnant and postpartum women. Method: 300 pregnant and postpartum women who were admitted from January 2021 to December 2021 were selected as the research subjects. They were all tested with the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). 40 pregnant women with anxiety and depression were selected as the observation group, and 50 normal pregnant women were selected as the control group, adopting logistic regression analysis to investigate the correlation between salivary cortisol and postpartum anxiety and depression during pregnancy. Result: The salivary cortisol levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group before bedtime, after waking up the next day, 15 minutes after waking up, 30 minutes after waking up, 60 minutes after waking up, and 1 hour before lunch (p < 0.05). Maternal depression and anxiety were not related to age, weight, gestational age, negative events, or history of adverse pregnancy and childbirth (p > 0.05). Maternal depression and anxiety are closely related to salivary cortisol levels and educational background (p Conclusion: There is a close correlation between anxiety and depression and an increase in cortisol levels, suggesting that the salivary cortisol awakening response during pregnancy has a predictive effect on the occurrence of postpartum depression.

Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Intervention on Plasma Cortisol in Patients with Breast Cancer PTSD

Objective: To investigate the effect of cognitive behavioral intervention on plasma cortisol in patients with breast cancer PTSD before surgery. Methods: SCL-90, EPQ-N and cognitive behavior intervention were performed on 30 patients with PTSD, 30 patients without PTSD and 30 normal subjects, and their fasting blood was collected to analyze cortisol in the morning. Results: The scores of SCL-90 and EPQ-N in patients with breast cancer PTSD were significantly higher than those in non-PTSD patients and normal subjects (P < 0.01). After cognitive behavioral intervention, the plasma cortisol level of breast cancer PTSD patients was significantly decreased (P Conclusion: Compared with non-PTSD breast cancer patients and normal control group, breast cancer PTSD patients had more serious psychological problems, worse emotional stability and higher plasma cortisol level. Cognitive-behavioral intervention can effectively reduce plasma cortisol levels in breast cancer patients with PTSD.

How Music Intervention Lowered Participants’ Morning Cortisol—Qualitative Case Stories

Non-pharmacological interventions for improved home care of persons with dementia and their family caregiver are and will be increasingly important for society. A music intervention study was performed on persons with persons with dementia and family caregiver. The persons with dementia and family caregiver were instructed to choose a daily routine for joint listening to recorded music. They selected the music they were interested in from a menu. The intervention period lasted for two months. Both persons with dementia and family caregiver provided daily saliva samples for the assessment of stress-related steroid hormones. In previous reports we have reported that the morning cortisol levels decreased significantly among the family caregiver when the intervention group was compared to a control group. In the present study we report narratives from four dyads, two of whom with beneficial effects of the music intervention, one dyad with no clear beneficial effects and one dyad with mixed results. The narratives illustrate the strong cohesive effect that the joint music listening could have, leading to improved social functioning paralleled by decreased morning cortisol levels particularly in the family caregiver. The narratives also illustrate reasons for failed effects.

Evaluation of Clinical Characteristics and Plasma Cortisol Concentrations in Individuals with COVID-19 and Post-COVID Syndrome

COVID-19 generates systematic alterations in humans both in active stages of infection and over time, called post-COVID syndrome. Cortisol is a hormone that is overexpressed in inflammation and cellular stress processes. Its main function is to return to physiological homeostasis, so its evaluation together with other clinical parameters can allow us to determine the degree of systemic affectation by COVID-19. Objective: To evaluate changes in clinical parameters and plasma cortisol concentrations in patients with active COVID-19 and post-COVID syndrome. Material and Methods: Healthy patients, in stages of mild infection, critical and with post-COVID syndrome, were recruited, obtaining, through clinical diagnoses and interviews, their main clinical characteristics, in addition to plasma, in which cortisol concentrations were determined using competitive ELISA. Results: The critical stage group had higher frequencies of comorbidities, clinical symptoms, as well as more altered laboratory parameters compared to the other subgroups. In the post-COVID syndrome group after the initial infection, most laboratory parameters recovered, however, several clinical symptoms remained latent over time. The determination of cortisol showed an increase in its concentration, being higher in patients in critical stage and with post-COVID syndrome. Conclusion: COVID-19 disease generates clinical alterations that trigger an increase in plasma cortisol. These alterations increase as the stages of infection become more severe and some of them remain altered in patients with post-COVID syndrome.

Effects of relaxation breathing exercise on fatigue and cortisol level among Indonesian gynecological cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy:a pilot study

Objective:This study aimed to determine the effect of the relaxation breathing exercise(RBE)on fatigue and cortisol levels among Indonesian women with gynecological cancer undergoing chemotherapy.Methods:This pilot study consecutively recruited 44 gynecological cancer patients to receive RBE(22)or usual care(22).Cortisol level was measured before and after completion of the intervention(day 8).Fatigue was measured using the Piper Fatigue Scale(PFS).Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS)at the baseline days of the study for days 1,4,and 8.The obtained data were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test,the independent t-test,and the Mann-Whitney U test.Results:There were significant increases in cortisol levels within the groups,either the intervention or control groups,respectively(P-value=0.0003 and 0.001).Despite there being no statistical significance between the intervention and control groups,there were noticeable differences in the cortisol levels,indicating the extreme increase in cortisol levels in the control group(Median[IQR1-IQR3]:2.30[0.99-9.09];Min-Max:0.43-23.38)compared with the intervention group(Median[IQR1-IQR3]=2.97[1.26-5.18];Min-Max=0.39-6.91).Conclusions:RBE helps prevent a significant increase in cortisol levels that can alleviate fatigue for women with gynecological cancer.Further research was recommended to compare several intervention modalities for fatigue and cancer-related symptom management based on cortisol level changes.

基于城市CORS的快速单点定位增强服务与应用

智慧城市建设中CORS位置服务的海量、隐私及高可靠性成为重要发展趋势。本文介绍了基于PPP-RTK技术体系的城市CORS增强定位服务,推导了城市CORS增强精密单点定位的公式,给出了城市CORS增强定位参数的可估形式及其在用户端的适用方法。结合广州CORS实时数据,验证了PPP-RTK服务的有效性。试验表明PPP-RTK用户端平面首历元即可收敛到厘米级,高程7个历元左右可收敛到厘米级,并且PPP-RTK增强定位参数SSR2OSR与短基线RTK性能大体相当,可支撑海量用户的监测需求。车载试验全程保持优于0.5 m车道级的三维精度,表明PPP-RTK定位能够满足多元化高可靠性定位。

河南地矿CORS省域地面沉降监测与机理分析

为了进一步研究省域尺度范围地面沉降,分析河南地矿CORS省域地面沉降的监测方法与其形成机理:针对河南省地面沉降分布特征,采用河南省地质信息连续采集运行系统(HNGICS)的62个基准站数据,时间序列为2012—2019年,获得国际地球参考框架下无净旋转条件的河南省三维速度场;然后分解三维速度场获得河南垂直速度场,发现河南省地面沉降呈现“西稳东沉”的现象,开封附近出现沉降漏斗;最后将河南省地质图、河南省耕地面积占比、河南省年均降雨量与沉降等值线对比分析。结果表明:不同地质条件下,河南省地面沉降分布于豫东地区的第四系冲积层,而相同地质条件下,耕地占比和区域年均降雨量是地表差异性沉降的主要原因,如豫东地区耕地约占总面积的70%,地下水用于农业灌溉是豫东平原出现沉降漏斗的主要原因。

Serum vascular endothelial growth factor and cortisol expression to predict prognosis of patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage

BACKGROUND Cerebral hemorrhage is a common and severe complication of hypertension in middle-aged and elderly men.AIM To investigate the correlation between vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and cortisol(Cor)and the prognosis of patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.METHODS A hundred patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage were enrolled from January 2020 to December 2022 and assigned to the hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage group.Another 100 healthy people who were examined at our hospital during the same period were selected and assigned to the healthy group.Peripheral venous blood was collected,and serum Cor and VGEF levels were measured through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS A statistically significant difference in serum Cor and VGEF levels was observed among patients with varying degrees of neurological impairment(P<0.05).Serum Cor and VGEF levels were significantly higher in the severe group than in the mild-to-moderate group.Cor and VEGF levels were significantly higher in patients with poor prognoses than in those with good prognoses.Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that serum Cor and VGEF levels were independent factors affecting hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Cor and VGEF are associated with the occurrence and development of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage and are significantly associated with neurological impairment and prognosis of patients.

北斗三号带状CORS系统基准站布设距离研究

针对传统的CORS系统在高速公路等带状区域场景下存在的定位性能不足问题,尝试通过构建单站RTK和多站VRS结合的带状CORS系统从而提升定位性能,并实地采集多组不同基线长度的北斗三频观测数据,测试在满足平面2 cm、高程3 cm的最大定位误差前提下,该种CORS服务模式下基站的合理布设距离。实验结果表明,在开阔、轻微遮挡和中度遮挡环境下,满足该定位精度的基线长度分别可以达到30 km、19.7 km、15 km,而对于更长的基线,其定位精度及模糊度固定成功率均明显下降,不能保证定位的可靠性。

皮质醇(COR)介导的氨氮抑制团头鲂免疫功能

高浓度氨氮始终被视为水产养殖中最具危害的环境因子,严重影响鱼类的免疫抗性,导致死亡率升高,因此氨氮对鱼类免疫功能影响的机理亟需阐明。高浓度氨氮引发鱼类应激反应,导致肾间组织中皮质醇(COR)分泌激增以及免疫指标的下降。高浓度COR通常抑制机体免疫功能。为了阐明COR在氨氮抑制鱼类免疫功能中的作用,本实验设置对照、氨氮暴露、COR注射、米非司酮(RU486)注射以及RU486注射+氨氮暴露5个处理组,处理团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)幼鱼[(2.63±0.33)g]48 h。结果显示,氨氮暴露与注射COR对团头鲂作用效果类似,均导致团头鲂血清COR含量显著升高,表明急性氨氮暴露和注射COR均能导致团头鲂应激反应。氨氮暴露与注射COR均显著抑制了团头鲂血清溶菌酶和补体C3水平以及头肾免疫相关基因(tnf-α、il-1β、il-6、tlr1、tlr2、tlr3、tlr4、tlr5、myd88、traf6、nf-κb1和nf-κb2)表达水平。此外,RU486可以有效地阻断氨氮对免疫指标的抑制作用,表明急性氨氮暴露可通过COR/TLR/MyD88信号通路抑制团头鲂免疫功能。综上所述,COR介导了氨氮抑制团头鲂免疫功能,为开发降应激措施来管理与预防氨氮胁迫以及培育抗氨氮鱼类新品种提供了科学依据。

PTGD后择期腹腔镜胆囊切除治疗对GradeⅡ急性胆囊炎ACTH、MPO及Cor水平的影响

目的分析PTGD后择期LC治疗对GradeⅡ急性胆囊炎ACTH、MPO及Cor水平的影响。方法选取2021年12月至2023年5月安徽中科庚玖医院收治的急性胆囊炎患者121例,根据治疗方案分为三组,即甲组(急诊行LC治疗,未行PTGD)38例、乙组(PTGD引流管拔出后72 h后行LC,早期)43例和丙组(PTGD引流管拔出后14~30 d后行LC,晚期)40例。对比三组手术情况、炎症因子、肝功能、ACTH、MP、Cor水平及并发症发生率。结果甲组LC手术时长、术后卧床时长及住院天数均长于丙组、乙组,失血量、中转开腹率高于丙组、乙组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);丙组LC手术时长、术后卧床时长及住院天数均长于乙组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。LC术后1 d hs-CRP、PCT、IL-6、ST、ALT、ALP、ACTH、MPO及Cor:甲组>丙组>乙组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。并发症发生率:甲组>丙组>乙组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PTGD后择期LC治疗对GradeⅡ急性胆囊炎ACTH、MPO及Cor水平影响小,且并发症低;而PTGD后早期行LC能有效改善肝功能、炎症因子,且术后应激反应更低,值得临床推广。

基于北斗CORS的铁路快速静态测量方法研究

复杂环境下由于卫星信号质量差等原因,常规地区的测量技术标准不具有适用性。为研究复杂环境下快速静态测量的技术方案,利用某铁路带状稀疏卫星导航定位基准站(Continuously Operating Reference Stations,CORS)综合服务系统,开展一系列快速静态测量实验,通过箱形图等方式,分析不同星座、不同观测时长下的测量精度。与铁路控制网的成果比较后发现,观测时长为5~25min且解算成功的前提下,基于CORS的GPS+BDS、单GPS与单BDS的快速静态测量成果计算的外符合精度差异较小,平面和高程中误差整体优于16 mm和45 mm,均可满足像控点测量精度要求;存在解算失败的情况,解算失败的像控点与其距CORS站的距离无显著联系,随着观测时长的增加,解算失败的时段数明显减少。此外,在相同观测时长下,基于CORS的GPS+BDS与单BDS模式测量精度较高,单GPS相对较差。对于复杂环境,北斗CORS系统在铁路快速静态测量方面替代GPS是可行的,建议快速静态测量时长在25 min以上为宜。

铁路带状CORS的VRS内插模型研究

针对铁路带状CORS系统存在的网外收敛速度慢、定位精度低的问题,本文对3种VRS的大气延迟内插模型,即最小二乘配置模型、距离相关内插模型和线性内插模型进行了误差仿真分析。真结果显示,在带状网型中,LSC模型的抗差性能最佳,其次为DIM模型,LIM模型则表现最差。然后基于某高速铁路CORS网络的GNSS观测数据,3种模型进行了实证测试,结果与仿真相吻合。具体为,LSC/DIM/LIM模型的定位精度在水平方向约为3.0、5.3、14.1 cm,高程为3.5、6.8、43.1 cm。LSC模型最适用于带状网络VRS定位。此外,本研究可为铁路CORS系统的精化提供参考。

厦门市台风事件CORS站网数据水汽反演及分析

针对厦门市3次台风事件,利用厦门市连续运行参考站(CORS)的GNSS观测数据,使用PANDA软件进行解算,反演出大气可降水量(PWV),将获取的ERA5再分析数据与反演出的PWV数据进行对比分析,在此基础上分析厦门市受台风影响期间GNSS-PWV变化特征与实际降雨量的关系.结果表明:PWV与ERA5数据具有较好的一致性;GNSS反演PWV具有较高的精度;GNSS-PWV能够较好地反映台风期间水汽的时空动态变化过程,其与降水量之间呈现出明显的相关性.

Corrigendum to“GmTOC1b negatively regulates resistance to Soybean mosaic virus”.[Crop J.11(2023)1762-1773]

The authors regret to report a mistake in the text and an associated change necessary to section 3.6 of the paper.On page 1766 in the right-hand column,line 4,the heading of subsection 3.6“GmWRKY40 represses the expression of PR genes”should be changed to“GmWRKY40 promotes the expression of PR genes”.The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.

METTL7A-mediated m6A modification of corin reverses bisphosphonates-impaired osteogenic differentiation of orofacial BMSCs

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of jaw(BRONJ)is characterized by impaired osteogenic differentiation of orofacial bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs).Corin has recently been demonstrated to act as a key regulator in bone development and orthopedic disorders.However,the role of corin in BRONJ-related BMSCs dysfunction remains unclarified.A m6A epitranscriptomic microarray study from our group shows that the CORIN gene is significantly upregulated and m6A hypermethylated during orofacial BMSCs osteogenic differentiation.Corin knockdown inhibits BMSCs osteogenic differentiation,whereas corin overexpression or soluble corin(sCorin)exerts a promotion effect.Furthermore,corin expression is negatively regulated by bisphosphonates(BPs).Corin overexpression or sCorin reverses BPs-impaired BMSCs differentiation ability.Mechanistically,we find altered expression of phos-ERK in corin knockdown/overexpression BMSCs and BMSCs under sCorin stimulation.PD98059(a selective ERK inhibitor)blocks the corin-mediated promotion effect.With regard to the high methylation level of corin during osteogenic differentiation,we apply a non-selective m6A methylase inhibitor,Cycloleucine,which also blocks the corin-mediated promotion effect.Furthermore,we demonstrate that METTL7A modulates corin m6A modification and reverses BPs-impaired BMSCs function,indicating that METTL7A regulates corin expression and thus contributes to orofacial BMSCs differentiation ability.To conclude,our study reveals that corin reverses BPs-induced BMSCs dysfunction,and METTL7A-mediated corin m6A modification underlies corin promotion of osteogenic differentiation via the ERK pathway.We hope this brings new insights into future clinical treatments for BRONJ.

Corrigendum

Corrigendum:miR-181b promotes angiogenesis and neurological function recovery after ischemic stroke https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.391973 In the article titled“miR-181b promotes angiogenesis and neurological function recovery after ischemic stroke”published on pages 1983-1989,Issue 9,Volume 18 of Neural Regeneration Research(Xue et al.,2023).

Corrigendum

Corrigendum:Genistein suppresses mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in rat hippocampal neurons with Alzheimer's disease.https://doi.org/10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00177.Figures 2 and 3C appear incorrectly in the published article“Genistein suppresses mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in rat hippocampal neurons with Alzheimer’s disease”(Wang et al.,2016;doi:10.4103/1673-5374.187056).

Corrigendum

Corrigendum:Aquaporin 4 deficiency eliminates the beneficial effects of voluntary exercise in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.386491 In the article titled“Aquaporin 4 deficiency eliminates the beneficial effects of voluntary exercise in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease”published on pages 2079-2088,Issue 9,Volume 17 of Neural Regeneration Research(Liu et al.,2022),there are some errors in selecting the appropriate images in Additional Figures 3 and 5 by authors during assembling the images.In Additional Figure 3,the sixth image in the first row and the sixth image in the sixth row are incorrect.The correct Additional Figure 3 appears as follows.