Pinched Material Einstein Space-Time Produces Accelerated Cosmic Expansion

An instructive analogy between the deformation of a pinched elastic cylindrical shell and the anti-gravity behind accelerated cosmic expansion is established. Subsequently the entire model is interpreted in terms of a hyperbolic fractal Rindler space-time leading to the same robust results regarding real energy and dark energy being 4.5% and 95.5% respectively in full agreement with all recent cosmological measurements.

A Quantum Space Model of Cosmic Evolution: Dark Energy and the Cyclic Universe

We present a Quantum Space Model (QSM) of cosmic evolution based on the theory that space consists of energy quanta from which our universe came about. We used the Friedmann equations to trace its history and predict its ultimate fate. Results provide further support to our recent proposal that the accelerating expansion of the universe is due to a scalar space field which has become known as Dark Energy. In our model, the universe started from high energy space quanta which were triggered by quantum fluctuations that caused the Big Bang. It then expanded and cooled undergoing phase transitions to radiation, fundamental particles, and matter. Matter agglomerated and grew into stars, galaxies, etc. and was eventually consolidated by gravity into Black Holes, which finally ended in a Big Crunch in a state of deep freeze inside the Black hole at 1.380 trillion years. Fluctuations, quantum tunneling, or some other mechanisms caused a new Bang to start another cycle in its life. Our results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions of a cyclic universe by Steinhardt and his associates, and by Penrose. Space and energy are equivalent as embodied in the Planck energy equation. They give rise to the two principal long range forces in the universe: the gravitational force and the space force. The latter may be the fifth force in the universe. The two forces could provide the clockwork mechanism operating our cyclic universe. If the Law of Conservation of Energy is universal, then the cosmos is eternal.

How the Flat Space Cosmology Model Correlates the Recombination CMB Temperature of 3000 K with a Redshift of 1100

This paper shows how the Flat Space Cosmology model correlates the recom-bination epoch CMB temperature of 3000 K with a cosmological redshift of 1100. This proof is given in support of the recent publication that the Tatum and Seshavatharam Hubble temperature formulae can be derived using the Stephan-Boltzmann dispersion law. Thus, as explained herein, the era of high precision Planck scale quantum cosmology has arrived.

仿紧局部cosmic空间的CL-映象

建立了仿紧局部cosmic空间的几类序列覆盖CL-映象的特征。

COSMIC反演精度和有关特性的检验

COSMIC是一个由6颗低轨卫星组成的用于天气、气候和电离层观测的空基GPS星座观测系统,从2006年9月开始每天可提供覆盖全球的约2000-3000个掩星点,掩星过程可提供从40 km高空到近地面的大气温、压、湿的廓线资料。为了有效利用这些资料,以探空资料为基准,对2007年1—10月我国及邻近区域的COSMIC掩星资料进行精度、可用性和全天候性的检验。结果表明：COSMIC反演的温度和折射率的精度很高,水汽压的精度相对较差。与NCEP/NCAR再分析资料相比,折射率和湿度廓线有更高精度。

Cosmic Time Transformations in Cosmological Relativity

The relativity of cosmic time is developed within the framework of Cosmological Relativity in five dimensions of space, time and velocity. A general linearized metric element is defined to have the form , where the coordinates are time , radial distance for spatials x, y and z, and velocity v, with c the speed of light in vacuum and t the Hubble-Carmeli time constant. The metric is accurate to first order in and v/c . The fields and are general functions of the coordinates. By showing that =, a metric of the form is obtained from the general metric, implying that the universe is flat. For cosmological redshift z, the luminosity distance relation is used to fit combined distance moduli from Type 1a supernovae up to z is obtained for the matter density parameter at the present epoch. Assuming a baryon density of , a rest mass energy of (9.79+ 0.47) GeV is predicted for the anti-baryonic and the particles which decay from a hypothetical particle. The cosmic aging function makes good fits to light curve data from two reports of Type 1a supernovae and in fitting to simulated quasar like light curve power spectra separated by redshift . We determine the multipole of the first acoustic peak of the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation anisotropy to be and a sound horizon of on today’s sky.

On the Relationship between Meteorological Variables, Dst Index, Solar Wind Speed, Solar Radio Flux, and Cosmic Rays and COVID-19 Cases

This study aims to determine the influential role of the meteorological, solar, and geophysical factors and cosmic rays on the transmission of COVID-19 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The meteorological factors were air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure. The solar radio flux, Dst index, and solar wind speed were utilized as representatives of the solar and geophysical variables. The association between these variables and the COVID-19 pandemic cases from 3 April 2020 to 1 August 2021 was investigated using the Spearman and Kendall rank correlation tests. The obtained results showed that the air temperature and average wind speed are positively associated with the daily number of reported COVID-19 cases. On the other hand, the mean values of relative humidity and atmospheric pressure are inversely correlated with the number of COVID-19 cases in Riyadh. Moreover, the results showed that the Dst index and cosmic rays are positively correlated with the COVID-19 cases. Contrarily, solar wind speed and radio flux at 10.7 cm have negative correlations with the COVID-19 cases. The obtained results will help the epidemiologists to understand the behavior of the virus against meteorological, solar, and geophysical variables and can be considered as a useful supplement to help national and international organizations and healthcare policymakers in the process of strategizing to combat COVID-19.

Calculating Radiation Temperature Anisotropy in Flat Space Cosmology

The purpose of this paper is to show how one can use the FSC model of gravitational entropy to calculate cosmic radiation temperature anisotropy for any past cosmic time t since the Planck scale. Cosmic entropy follows the Bekenstein-Hawking definition, although in the correct-scaling form of, which scales 60.63 logs of 10 from the Planck scale. In the FSC model, cosmic radiation temperature anisotropy At = (t/to). The derived past anisotropy value can be compared to current co-moving anisotropy defined as unity (to/to). Calculated in this way, current gravitational entropy and temperature anisotropy have maximum values, and the earliest universe has the lowest entropy and temperature anisotropy values. This approach comports with the second law of thermodynamics and the theoretical basis of the Sachs-Wolfe effect, gravitational entropy as defined by Roger Penrose, and Erik Verlinde’s “emergent gravity” theory.

The Basics of Flat Space Cosmology

We present a new model of cosmology which appears to show great promise. Our flat space cosmology model, using only four basic and reasonable assumptions, derives highly accurate Hubble parameter H0, Hubble radius R0 and total mass M0 values for our observable universe. Our model derives a current Hubble parameter of , in excellent agreement with the newly reported (lower limit) results of the 2015 Planck Survey. Remarkably, all of these derivations can be made with only these basic assumptions and the current CMB radiation temperature . The thermodynamic equations we have generated follow Hawking’s black hole temperature formula. We have also derived a variety of other useful cosmological formulae. These include angular velocity and other rotational formulae. A particularly useful hyperbolic equation, , has been derived, which appears to be an excellent fit for the Planck scale as well as the current observable universe scale. Using the flat space Minkowski relativistic formula for Doppler effect, and a formula for staging our cosmological model according to its average mass-energy density at every Hubble time (universal age) in its expansion, a persuasive argument can be made that the observable phenomena attributed to dark energy are actually manifestations of Doppler and gravitational redshift. Finally, a theory of cosmic inflation becomes completely unnecessary because our flat space cosmology model is always at critical density.

How a Realistic Linear <i>R_h= ct </i>Model of Cosmology Could Present the Illusion of Late Cosmic Acceleration

Realistic FLRW cosmic coasting models which contain matter now appear to be a reasonable alternative in explaining the accumulated Supernova Cosmology Project data since 1998. In sharp contrast to the unrealistic original classic Milne universe, which was entirely devoid of matter, these modified Milne-type models containing matter, often referred to as realistic linear Rh = ct models, have rapidly become the primary competition with standard cosmology. This paper compares the expected relative luminosity distances and relative angular diameter distances for given magnitudes of redshift within these two competing models. A simple ratio formula is derived, which explains how expected luminosity distances and angular diameter distances for given magnitudes of redshift within a realistic Milne-type cosmic expansion could create the illusion (for standard model proponents) of cosmic acceleration where none exists.

Predicted Dark Matter Quantitation in Flat Space Cosmology

The purpose of this paper is to show how the dark matter predictions of FSC differ with respect to the standard cosmology assertion of a universal dark matter-to-visible matter ratio of approximately 5.3-to-1. FSC predicts the correct ratio to be approximately 9-to-1, based primarily on the universal observations of global spatial flatness in the context of general relativity. The FSC Friedmann equations incorporating a Lambda?&Lambda;?cosmological term clearly indicate that a spatially flat universe must have equality of the positive curvature (matter mass-energy) and negative curvature (dark energy) density components. Thus, FSC predicts that observations of the Milky Way and the nearly co-moving galaxies within 100 million light years will prove the 5.3-to-1 ratio to be incorrect. The most recent galactic and perigalactic observations indicate a range of dark matter-to-visible matter ratios varying from essentially zero (NGC 1052-DF2) to approximately 23-to-1 (Milky Way). The latter ratio is simply astonishing and promises an exciting next few years for astrophysicists and cosmologists. Within the next few years, the mining of huge data bases (especially the Gaia catalogue and Hubble data) will resolve whether standard cosmology will need to change its current claims for the cosmic energy density partition to be more in line with FSC, or whether FSC is falsified. A prediction is that standard cosmology must eventually realize the necessity of resolving the tension between their flatness observations and their assertion of dark energy dominance. The author makes the further prediction that FSC will soon become the new paradigm in cosmology.

Cosmic Time as an Emergent Property of Cosmic Thermodynamics

This paper, in conjunction with recent Flat Space Cosmology (FSC) publications, provides theoretical support for cosmic time being an emergent property of cosmic entropy and temperature. Therefore, if Verlinde’s “emergent gravity” theory is correct, both time and gravity are most fundamentally emergent properties of cosmic thermodynamics. Since emergent properties within complex systems with a huge number of degrees of freedom are often not definable at the smallest scales, these results suggest that quantum time and quantum gravity may be no more definable than consciousness within two connecting neurons. String theorists now struggling to define quantum space-time and quantum gravity should bear this in mind.

人法地,地法天,天法道,道法自然——中国风景园林中的师法自然观

中国风景园林充分反映了中华民族的师法自然观。中国传统文化中的人、山水、地、天、道、元气、宇宙诸多概念表达出多维度的自然;“人法地,地法天,天法道,道法自然”,系统论述从人到自然之间诸多层次的师法关系。中国风景园林则在从人到自然的多层次关系中,通过自然崇拜、君子比德、模山范水、人做天开、宇宙浓缩等诸多形式最终落脚到师法自然,这就使得中国风景园林形成了“外师造化、内得心源”的认识方法、“虽由人作,宛自天开”的价值取向、阴阳和谐山水格局的空间营造手法,以及自然而然的宇宙再现。中国风景园林能艺术地凝练出有形自然、无形自然、万物演化规律的自然和体现宇宙法则的自然,师法自然观在其衍化过程中留下了深深的痕迹。

Applying the Stefan-Boltzmann Law to a Cosmological Model (a Brief Note)

This brief note brings the reader up-to-date with the recent successes of the new Haug-Tatum cosmology model. In particular, the significance of recent proof that the Stefan-Boltzmann law applies to such a model is emphasized and a rationale for this is given. Remarkably, the proposed solutions of this model have incorporated all 580 supernova redshifts in the Union2 database. Therefore, one can usefully apply this thermodynamic law in the form of a continually expanding black-body universe model. To our knowledge, no other cosmological model has achieved such high-precision observational correlation.

空间碎片与空间环境

空间碎片起源于人类的航天活动 ,目前空间碎片的空间密度已经对航天器的安全造成威胁 ,且其数量仍在高速增长 ,已成为一个引人瞩目的环境问题 ,航天器受空间碎片撞击的事件时有发生。大空间碎片的撞击会使航天器姿态和轨道发生改变 ,更严重的是会导致航天器破损甚至完全解体 ;小空间碎片的撞击会使航天器表面性能改变 ,部分器件损伤或失效 ,使航天器丧失功能。目前地基设备只能对厘米级及更大的碎片进行观测、跟踪和编目 ,航天器可以根据空间碎片的轨道参数进行规避和机动飞行 ,以避免撞毁 ;小空间碎片 (<1cm)数量众多 ,但无法进行轨道测量 ,只能通过天基直接探测和样品回收获得数据 ,数值建模和超高速撞击模拟实验是进行小空间碎片风险评估和撞击效应研究的有效方法。对小空间碎片只能采取被动防护的方法 ,在航天器总体设计、防护结构和材料方面着手 ,降低空间碎片的威胁。改善空间环境 ,减少空间碎片的最根本方法是对航天器采取钝化措施 ,减少空间碎片的产生 ,理论上还可以采取措施 ,清扫、清除或回收空间碎片。

在生物堆试验中用塑料核径迹探测器作高游离宇宙线重核的辐射生物学研究

本文报道1988年8月首次在中国返回型卫星舱内放置的两个封闭生物堆试验中应用塑料核径迹探测器跟踪定位测量高游离宇宙线重核粒子对植物的辐射损伤情况。在空间诱变育种研究方面得到了令人满意的初步结果。

仿紧局部cosm ic空间的一些性质

给出仿紧局部 cosmic空间的一个特征 ;建立了仿紧局部 cosmic空间的几类序列覆盖L映象的特征 ;证明了闭 L映射和商 ss映射保持仿紧局部 cosmic空间的性质 .此外 ,还给出仿紧局部 cosmic空间的一些映射性质 .

航天员受银河宇宙线辐射的剂量计算

在近地空间（LEO）和深空探测中,航天员遭受的辐射风险主要来自于银河宇宙线（GCR）照射.银河宇宙线的辐射剂量是航天员辐射风险评价的基础.国际放射防护委员会（ICRP）于2013年提出了新的航天员空间辐射剂量估算方法,以更准确给出空间重离子辐射的剂量.基于此方法,开发了宇宙线粒子在物质中输运的蒙特卡罗程序,并在程序中实现用中国成年男性人体数字模型来仿真航天员.采用该程序计算了粒子（Z=1~92）各向同性照射航天员时器官的通量-器官剂量转换因数,并估算出航天员在近地轨道空间受银河宇宙线辐射的剂量.

我国宇宙线空间物理学的进展

本文介绍了宇宙线空间物理学在我国的形成和主要研究内容,包括:(1)空间探测,有火箭探测、卫星探测;地面宇宙线台站观测;宇宙线的水下测量;(2)宇宙线空间物理学研究,有宇宙线的日地传输;宇宙线强度变化与CME事件;宇宙线的源物质与加速过程;宇宙线的地球物理效应.最后提到宇宙线与人体健康,特别是流行性感冒、大的太阳质子事件与地震现象、太阳宇宙线事件与天气和气候等的统计研究.

知白守黑——由赵无极绘画色彩看“黑白”在中国现代抽象油画中的地位

“黑白”作为中国传统水墨画中主要的色彩语言 ,已经形成了中国所特有的“墨文化” ,但这种对于“黑白”的喜爱 ,近来在一些中国现代抽象油画中也屡有体现。其中综观中国现代抽象油画的代表人物———赵无极先生油画作品的画面色彩构成 ,可以发现“黑白”在其中占据着极为重要的地位 ,并且由“黑白”在画面中组成了有别于欧美抽象油画的气韵和画面空间 ,从而形成了具有“东方色彩”的抽象绘画形式。所以研究“黑白”在画面色彩构成中的地位及成因 ,以及这种地位所形成的画面效果 。