The Effect of Executive Management Support and Cost Accountant Competency on CMS Design Effectiveness and Its Consequences： An Empirical Research of Manufacturing Business in Thailand＊

The objective of this research is to examine the antecedents and consequences of cost management systems （CMS） design effectiveness of manufacturing businesses in Thailand. The effect of CMS design effectiveness on cost information quality is investigated. Moreover, the effect of cost information quality on business success is investigated. Furthermore, executive management support and cost accountant competency are assumed to become the antecedents of CMS design effectiveness. Electronics manufacturing businesses in Thailand are samples of the research. A mail survey procedure via the questionnaire was used for data collection from accounting controllers. The results indicate that CMS design effectiveness has a positive significant effect on cost information quality. Moreover, cost information quality also has a positive significant effect on business success. Additionally, both executive management support and cost accountant competency have a positive significant effect on CMS design effectiveness.

Study on human resources cost accounting based on standards and general rules

The issue of the new standards for employees＇ salary and general financial rules that include employees＇ salary and relevant expenditures, have a great impact on human resources cost accounting. This paper performs a specialized study on human resources cost and employees＇ salary, accounts setting and accounting treatment for human resources cost accounting, human resources cost report, etc. on the basis of relevant provisions in the new Chinese accounting standards, the general financial rules, international accounting standards, and relevant academic research findings.

Developing Public Sector Cost Accounting Systems Case Finnish Defence Forces

This paper addresses the relationship between ＂new＂ and the ＂old＂ public performance management; the dialogue between imported idealistic designs and the inherently stable existing （performance） management systems （Carmona ＆ Gronlund, 2003; Hyvonen, Jairvinen, Pellinen, ＆ Rahko, 2009; Scapens ＆ Ter Bogt, 2009）. We see the co-existence of imported and traditional, both idealistic and realistic models of performance management as problematic. Such performance management models are based on different institutional logics that are the taken-for-granted rules guiding behavior of field-level actors, and related practices that predominate in an organizational field. These logics help to explain connections that create a sense of common purpose and unity within an organizational field （Scott, 2001; Kitchener, 2002）. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and illustrate how institutional pressures for management accounting change are formed. Most studies on change and stability of management accounting pay little attention on how institutional pressures for accounting change are formed, especially on the political field level. Our study demonstrates how various actors at the political field level participate in creating institutional pressures in diverse and sometimes contradictory ways. Drawing on archival data and 20 interviews with public officials, we seek to illustrate how different organizational field-level actors＇ views on implementing cost accounting differ, and how these views have influenced the outcome of cost accounting development in the Finnish Defence Forces. Our results suggest that contradictory institutional logics exist in relation with Finnish central government management-by-results, performance management and cost accounting systems. A value-for-money ideology in the armed forces sector （see e.g., Gr6nlund ＆ Catasus, 2005） at times seems to challenge and even contradict the ＂legalistic＂ tradition of developing cost accounting that conforms to budgetary laws and statues. Similarly, the New Public Management based performance prism model （Fryer, Antony, ＆ Ogden, 2009; Neely, Adams, ＆ Crowe, 2001）, when implemented at a local level, seems to conflict with notions common in accounting literature, according to which management accounting systems should be aligned with organizations＇ strategy and structure （see e.g., Abemethy, Lillis, Brownell, ＆ Carter, 2001）.

Linear Programs in Cost Accounting： A Linear Cost Model

This paper aims to find unit cost of a product for firms. It establishes a linear cost model to find unit cost. Linear goal programs assume a direct relationship between independent variable and dependent variable. Dependent variable of linear model is unit cost. Independent variables are cost accounting variables. They are supply cost, labor cost, and administration cost. This study assumes a direct relationship between supply-labor-administration costs and unit cost. Therefore, it establishes a linear cost model. The major research question of this study is to apply linear goal programming to cost accounting. The goal of this linear program is to find unit cost of product. This study uses quantitative method and human capital method. The main research result is linear costing model itself.

A cost accounting method of the Li-ion battery energy storage system for frequency regulation considering the effect of life degradation

The cost of Energy Storage System(ESS)for frequency regulation is difficult to calculate due to battery’s degradation when an ESS is in grid-connected operation.To solve this problem,the influence mechanism of actual operating conditions on the life degradation of Li-ion battery energy storage is analyzed.A control strategy of Li-ion ESS participating in grid frequency regulation is constructed and a cost accounting model for frequency regulation considering the effect of battery life degradation is established.The estimated operating life and annual average cost of the Li-ion ESS under different dead bands and SOC set-points are calculated.The case studies show that the estimated operating life of the Li-ion ESS under the actual operating condition differs significantly from the nominal life provided by the manufacturer under the standard condition and the full discharge mode.This paper provides an accurate costing method for the ESS participating in grid frequency regulation to help the promotion of the ESS to participate in the ancillary service market.

Financial Modeling of Accounting Costs Acquisition of Arms

In case of restrictive defense budget financing, efficient and effective use of funds is now more than ever becoming a crucial question in functioning of the Ministry of Defense and Serbian Armed Forces （MoD and SAF）. Any investment in acquisition of arms and military equipment （AME） due to financial significance does not allow mistakes in decision making. Qualitative analysis of cost of assets through the entire programmed lifecycle is a complex multi-disciplinary and multi-criteria problem whose solving requires application of the model multi-criteria optimization. In our operational practice thus far, solving the said problems there wasn＇t enough the model multi-criteria optimization so the optimal results were lacking. In this paper investment process of AME in the MoD and SAF was analyzed, from the point of cost treatment in the process, its flaws have been pointed out and a more comprehensive - integrated approach has been suggested.

Management Accounting Problems and Perspectives in the Local Government of Estonia： An Analysis From the Viewpoint of Parsons＇ Paradigm

This case study focuses on the current and future needs of the management accounting within the Tallinn city government and their potential relationships with the sustainability reporting. This analysis is based on the study carried out within the city organizations in 2011. The questionnaire drawn up by the authors includes several questions about the current management accounting tools of the city and their development and support needs. The authors also add some questions related to the sustainability reporting, which is obligatory for the city as one of the members of the Aalborg Charter. The quantitative methodology was used. The authors＇ conclusion is that the level of the managerial accountability of the Estonian municipality is increasing and its sole economic focus is changing to a broader perspective. According to the findings of the study, the authors argue that both management accounting principles and sustainability principles are coming closer together. By using Talcott Parsons＇ adaptation, goal attainment, integration, and latency （AGIL） paradigm, the authors point out four critical components for implementing the sustainability reporting into a management accounting system. The results of this study highlight the role of values in the management accounting development, which is in harmony with the AGIL paradigm.

Costing and Pricing in Healthcare Private Firms

This article analyzes the development of an activity-based costing （ABC） system in a private Italian healthcare firm. Findings shed light on the role of the cost accounting system in price assessment： It outlines new opportunities for the identification of the service mix offered as well as for price optimization. Because private companies provide services both within the public system--where the National Health System （NHS） provides fixed reimbursement fees--and within the private system--where prices are defined by each company. Accurate cost information is extremely important to support managers in the analysis of the service mix profitability offered in each system. For the business segment in which companies do not have flexibility in setting prices, cost information enables managers to identify services which may present profitability problems. For the business segment where price flexibility exists, cost information supports the identification of pricing errors so that charges can be better defined.

Fair value accounting under financial crisis

The recent financial crisis has led to a vigorous debate about the pros and cons of fair-value accounting （FVA）. This debate presents a major challenge for FVA going forward and standard setters＇ push to extend FVA into other areas. In this article, we highlight three important issues as an attempt to make sense of the debate. First, much of the controversy results from confusion about what is new and different about FVA. Second, while there are legitimate concerns about marking to market （or pure FVA） in times of financial crisis, it is less clear that these problems apply to FVA as stipulated by the accounting standards, be it IFRS or U.S. GAAP. Third, historical cost accounting （HCA） is unlikely to be the remedy. There are a number of concerns about HCA as well and these problems could be larger than those with FVA.

Study on the Application of Time-Driven Activity - Based Costing in Hotels——Taking a Hotel as an Example

The time-driven activity-based costing has received extensive attention from scholars both at home and abroad in recent years,which has been applied to the calculation of manufacturing operations and the cost of products.However, this approach is rarely introduced into the service sector.As to the hospitality industry, the profitability of the customer usually plays a decisive role in the business process.Therefore, this article takes the hotel service industry as the research point and allocates the costs of resources of each departments to customers according to time drivers.The focus of this paper is to calculate the costs of customers ,and then analyze the profitability of customers in order to take the appropriate marketing strategies to improve the hotel service industry Drofitabilitv.

Application of Management Accounting in Company Sustainability

This report illustrates how management accounting can be used in helping an organization reach sustainability by applying four main tools in management accounting to a dairy company.These tools are Life-Cycle Analysis,Identification of Relevant Costs,Activity-Based Costing(ABC)System and Balancing Score Card,all of which can help qualify and consequently quantify the various costs(including environmental costs)incurred during the operation of a company.Besides that,the above tools can also be utilised in a company’s decision-making processes by the man-agement team.Thus,it is suggested that companies integrate these tools into their reporting system.This report illustrates the definition of a sustainable organization in the beginning,followed by detailed descriptions of the four management accounting tools,together with their applications to a diary company.The report ends with a summary on which type of role each tool plays in the re-porting system.

基于PDCA循环的成本会计本科课程“三位一体”混合教学模式设计与应用

传统本科教学是以教师为中心,知识灌输为主的教学模式。基于PDCA循环的“三位一体”混合教学模式是将线上与线下一体化、理论教学与案例教学一体化、课堂教学与其他教学环节一体化,三者融合为一体。文章设计“三位一体”混合式PDCA教学循环,探索其在成本会计本科课程教学中的应用。

某医院耳鼻喉科DRG病组成本核算的实践探索

目的成本核算是医院精细化运营的重要环节,文章梳理了医院DRG成本核算流程,以耳鼻喉科为案例进行实践探讨,为医院DRG成本核算工作的顺利实施提供参考。方法以耳鼻喉科10个DRG病组为核算案例,包括选取DD29鼻腔、鼻窦组病例,对其病种临床路径前后的费用及成本进行单因素分析。结果经研究发现,是否进入临床路径对患者的费用及成本有显著影响。结论临床路径有助于建立规范化的DRG病种成本核算体系,通过成本数据优化DRG分组结果,构建全流程、整合式的医院成本核算信息系统。

Concerning the Capitalization Restriction of Training Cost According to IAS 38

In today＇s knowledge-based economy, the role played by human capital in the determination of the market value of a firm is recognized. To be able to persist in the open competition, entities are forced to invest increasingly in the professional training of their employees. Inconsistent with this rising importance is the prohibition to capitalize professional training cost according to international accounting standards （IAS） 38.69 （b）. Highly qualified employees ensure competitive advantages and thus lead to an increase in shareholder value. Regarding the financial statement as a primary source of information, it does not seem reasonable to leave such a valuable resource completely unnoticed in the balance sheet. Consequently, a truthful representation of a firm＇s asset should take training costs into account. This article pleads for a limitation of this general legal prohibition and analyzes under which premises those expenditures for training can comply with the common criteria of capitalization according to IAS 38.

公立医院成本核算体系建设与优化

近年来,我国医疗卫生体制发生了重大而深刻的变化,公立医院发展受到诸多挑战,公立医院要想获得长远发展,应不断提升成本核算管理水平,最大限度减少损耗。目前公立医院所采取的是较为粗放式的成本核算方法,难以与现阶段成本管理要求相适应。文章以某医院为研究对象,分析其在成本核算及管控过程中存在的问题,并据此提出优化其成本核算和管控的对策建议,以期为其他公立医院进行成本核算提供参考。

基于绿色作业成本法在电子行业成本核算的应用研究

绿色作业成本法(Green Activity-Based Costing)是一种通过对绿色生态环境的成本核算,对相关作业活动动态情况进行追踪分析,对成本对象及作业业绩进行计量、确认、计录、评价以及资源利用的一种绿色成本核算管理方法。本文通过对禄森电子公司产品成本实际情况的计算分析,并根据绿色作业成本法相关理论,针对传统成本核算方法给禄森电子公司所带来的系列成本问题,从而提出禄森电子公司实施绿色作业成本法的必要性研究。

洒点喷涂在压路机零部件上的应用

为了降低路面机械涂装的制造成本,通过对洒点漆的组成、洒点喷涂工艺、喷涂设备及其施工参数进行了研究并进行施工验证试验,同时对比分析了洒点喷涂工艺与刮腻子工艺在工程机械行业的应用成本。结果表明洒点漆喷涂漆施工工艺及喷涂质量满足工程机械的部分零部件涂装要求,可用于工程机械外观等级要求不高的零部件上。相比刮腻子工艺,洒点漆喷涂工艺可节省涂装成本,降低制造费用,可在工程机械行业推广应用。

基于作业成本法的血液产品成本核算的研究

血站是按照卫生行政部门的要求,在规定范围内开展无偿献血者的招募、血液的采集与制备、临床用血供应以及医疗用血的业务指导等工作的公益性组织。其在经济上依赖于政府,经费由国家财政统一划拨,不以营利为目的,运作成本偏高,财政负担重。要想彻底改变这种状况,血站应该加强内部成本核算。如何运用与实施作业成本法对血液产品成本进行核算与统计是本文的核心内容。本文以G血液中心为例,通过对作业成本法适用背景和血液产品成本核算的现状和问题的分析,研究作业成本法在血液产品成本核算中的具体应用,有助于管理者了解成本发生的全过程,更合理地控制和管理成本,具有重要的现实意义。

高职院校专业教学成本核算实施路径研究——以A高职院校为例

高校专业教学成本核算的难点在于确定成本核算的范围、项目以及采集相关数据。以A高职院校为例,在明确成本核算的对象范围、周期、项目以及方法的前提下,通过归集分配人员成本、资产折旧、运行成本、学生奖补助成本以及科研成本,初步核算学校专业教学成本,并针对成本核算过程中发现的问题提出建议。

高校生均成本评价体系构建研究

高校生均成本反映了政府向社会提供高等教育服务发生的支出和运行成本等相关财务信息,但至今未有科学的高校生均成本评价体系。本文以D大学为例,在高校生均成本测算中,运用作业成本法进行成本归集和分摊,建立一套科学合理的高校生均成本核算体系。基于高校服务公益性和准公共产品属性理论,从标准成本维度等五个维度构建了高校生均成本评价指标体系,结合D高校实践案例进行评价分析,并提出了政策建议。