Improving landscape Characteristics in Port Said’s El Sallam Garden via Observational and Space Syntax Analysis

This paper provides a comprehensive examination of El Sallam Garden in Port Said City,concentrating on its landscape characteristics and potential for design enhancement.This study looks at how space syntax can be used to assess the impact of a tree planting design’s spatial configuration on an urban park’s visual fields.Trees play an important role in determining the spatial characteristics of an outdoor space.According to space syntax theory,an urban area is a collection of connected spaces that can be represented by a matrix of quantitative properties known as syntactic measures.Computer simulations can be used to measure the quantitative properties of these matrices.This study uses space syntax techniques to assess how tree configurations and garden area which can affect the social structures of small-scale gardens in Port Said.It also looks at how these techniques can be used to predict the social structures of four garden zones in El Sallam Garden.The study includes an observational and space syntax study through comparative analysis of four garden zones in El Sallam garden.The results of the study show that the area and planting configurations of the garden had a significant effect on the syntactic social and visual measures of the urban garden.The conclusions and recommendations can be a useful tool for landscape architects,urban planners,and legislators who want to enhance public areas and encourage social interaction in urban settings.

Thermodynamic analysis of combined reforming process using Gibbs energy minimization method: In view of solid carbon formation

Thermodynamic analysis was applied to study combined partial oxidation and carbon dioxide reforming of methane in view of carbon formation. The equilibrium calculations employing the Gibbs energy minimization were performed upon wide ranges of pressure （1-25 atm）, temperature （600-1300 K）, carbon dioxide to methane ratio （0-2） and oxygen to methane ratio （0-1）. The thermodynamic results were compared with the results obtained over a Ru supported catalyst. The results revealed that by increasing the reaction pressure methane conversion decreased. Also it was found that the atmospheric pressure is the preferable pressure for both dry reforming and partial oxidation of methane and increasing the temperature caused increases in both activity of carbon and conversion of methane. The results clearly showed that the addition of O2 to the feed mixture could lead to a reduction of carbon deposition.

Operation and Force Analysis of the Guide Wire in a Minimally Invasive Vascular Interventional Surgery Robot System

To develop a robot system for minimally invasive surgery is significant,however the existing minimally invasive surgery robots are not applicable in practical operations,due to their limited functioning and weaker perception.A novel wire feeder is proposed for minimally invasive vascular interventional surgery.It is used for assisting surgeons in delivering a guide wire,balloon and stenting into a specific lesion location.By contrasting those existing wire feeders,the motion methods for delivering and rotating the guide wire in blood vessel are described,and their mechanical realization is presented.A new resistant force detecting method is given in details.The change of the resistance force can help the operator feel the block or embolism existing in front of the guide wire.The driving torque for rotating the guide wire is developed at different positions.Using the CT reconstruction image and extracted vessel paths,the path equation of the blood vessel is obtained.Combining the shapes of the guide wire outside the blood vessel,the whole bending equation of the guide wire is obtained.That is a risk criterion in the delivering process.This process can make operations safer and man-machine interaction more reliable.A novel surgery robot for feeding guide wire is designed,and a risk criterion for the system is given.

Iron Fertilization with Enhanced Phytoplankton Productivity under Minimal Sulfur Compounds and Grazing Control Analysis in HNLC Region

The present study investigated quantitatively the significance of HNLC (high-nutrient low-chlorophyll) regions and its grazing control with the improved iron fertilization for climate change. The limitation of iron (Fe) for phytoplankton growth in HNLC regions was confirmed by sulfur compounds (S) such as volcanic ash and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in batch cultures, whose chemical sediment of Fe3S4 showed 4.06 wt%. The technologies developed for iron fertilization since 1993 till now were not practical to provide sufficient amounts of bioavailable iron due to sedimentary iron sulfides induced by undersea volcanic sulfur compounds. The proposed technology for iron fertilization was improved to enhance the bioavailable iron to phytoplankton by keeping minimal sulfur compounds in HNLC regions. The low productivity of phytoplankton by grazing control in HNLC regions was 6% diatoms whose 52% was grazed by copepods and 42% by krill on the basis of data analysis in 2000 EisenEx Experiment at boundary of Antarctic and African tectonic plates. All of the previous iron fertilization experiments were conducted at volcanic sulfur compounds enriched HNLC regions. The present study revealed that the enhanced phytoplankton productivity in batch culture without sedimentary iron sulfides can be possible only if sulfur compounds are minimal, as is in Shag Rocks (53°S, 42°W) of South Georgia in Scotia Sea in the Southern Ocean.

Bayesian analysis of minimal model under the insulin-modified IVGTT

A Bayesian analysis of the minimal model was proposed where both glucose and insulin were analyzed simultaneously under the insulin-modified intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). The resulting model was implemented with a nonlinear mixed-effects modeling setup using ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which leads to precise estimation of population parameters by separating the inter- and intra-individual variability. The results indicated that the Bayesian method applied to the glucose-insulin minimal model provided a satisfactory solution with accurate parameter estimates which were numerically stable since the Bayesian method did not require approximation by linearization.

A SIMULATED ANNEALING METHOD FOR FAULT TREE ANALYSIS

采用模拟退火方法解最大的最小割集发生概率，同时在寻优过程中找出近优的最小割集，最后确定基本事件的重要性顺序．通过计算机模拟，本算法得到较满意的结果．

Sacroiliac joint stability: Finite element analysis of implant number, orientation, and superior implant length

AIM To analyze how various implants placement variables affect sacroiliac(SI) joint range of motion. METHODS An experimentally validated finite element model of the lumbar spine and pelvis was used to simulate a fusion of the SI joint using various placement configurations of triangular implants(iF use Implant System~?). Placement configurations were varied by changing implant orientation, superior implant length, and number of implants. The range of motion of the SI joint was calculated using a constant moment of 10 N-m with a follower load of 400 N. The changes in motion were compared between the treatment groups to assess how the different variables affected the overall motion of the SI joint. RESULTS Transarticular placement of 3 implants with superior implants that end in the middle of the sacrum resulted in the greatest reduction in range of motion(flexion/extension = 73%, lateral bending = 42%, axial rotation = 72%). The range of motions of the SI joints were reduced with use of transarticular orientation(9%-18%) when compared with an inline orientation. The use of a superior implant that ended mid-sacrum resulted in median reductions of(8%-14%) when compared with a superior implant that ended in the middle of the ala. Reducing the number of implants, resulted in increased SI joint range of motions for the 1 and 2 implant models of 29%-133% and 2%-39%, respectively,when compared with the 3 implant model.CONCLUSION Using a validated finite element model we demonstrated that placement of 3 implants across the SI joint using a transarticular orientation with superior implant reaching the sacral midline resulted in the most stable construct. Additional clinical studies may be required to confirm these results.

The thermodynamics analysis and experimental validation for complicated systems in CO_2 hydrogenation process

Catalytic conversion of COinto chemicals and fuels is an alternative to alleviate climate change and ocean acidification.The catalytic reduction of COby Hcan lead to the formation of various products:carbon monoxide,carboxylic acids,aldehydes,alcohols and hydrocarbons.In this paper,a comprehensive thermodynamics analysis of COhydrogenation is conducted using the Gibbs free energy minimization method.The results show that COreduction to CO needs a high temperature and H/COratio to achieve a high COconversion.However,synthesis of methanol from COneeds a relatively high pressure and low temperature to minimize the reverse water-gas shift reaction.Direct COhydrogenation to formic acid or formaldehyde is thermodynamically limited.On the contrary,production of CHfrom COhydrogenation is the thermodynamically easiest reaction with nearly 100%CH4 yield at moderate conditions.In addition,complex reactions with more than one product are also calculated in this work.Among the considered carboxylic acids（HCOOH,CHCOOH and CHCOOH）,propionic acid dominates in the product stream（selectivity above 90%）.The same trend can also be found in the hydrogenation of COto aldehydes and alcohols with the major product of propionaldehyde and butanol,respectively.In the process of COhydrogenation to alkenes,low temperature,high pressure,and high Hpartial pressure favor the COconversion.CHis the most thermodynamically favorable among all considered alkynes under different temperatures and pressures.The thermodynamic calculations are validated with experimental results,suggesting that the Gibbs free energy minimization method is effective for thermodynamically understanding the reaction network involved in the COhydrogenation process,which is helpful for the development of high-performance catalysts.

Oxidative reforming of methane for hydrogen and synthesis gas production:Thermodynamic equilibrium analysis

A thermodynamic analysis of methane oxidative reforming was carried out by Gibbs energy minimization （at constant pressure and temperature） and entropy maximization （at constant pressure and enthalpy） methods,to determine the equilibrium compositions and equilibrium temperatures,respectively.Both cases were treated as optimization problems （non-linear programming formulation）.The GAMS 23.1 software and the CONOPT2 solver were used in the resolution of the proposed problems.The hydrogen and syngas production were favored at high temperatures and low pressures,and thus the oxygen to methane molar ratio （O 2 /CH 4） was the dominant factor to control the composition of the product formed.For O 2 /CH 4 molar ratios higher than 0.5,the oxidative reforming of methane presented autothermal behavior in the case of either utilizing O 2 or air as oxidant agent,but oxidation reaction with air possessed the advantage of avoiding peak temperatures in the system,due to change in the heat capacity of the system caused by the addition of nitrogen.The calculated results were compared with previously published experimental and simulated data with a good agreement between them.

Mini-invasive vs open resection of colorectal cancer and liver metastases: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND The safety and feasibility of the simultaneous resection of primary colorectal cancer (CRC) and synchronous colorectal liver metastases (SCRLM) have been demonstrated in some studies. Combined resection is expected to be the optimal strategy for patients with CRC and SCRLM. However, traditional laparotomy is traumatic, and the treatment outcome of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is still obscure. AIM To compare the treatment outcomes of MIS and open surgery (OS) for the simultaneous resection of CRC and SCRLM. METHODS A systematic search through December 22, 2018 was conducted in electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library). All studies comparing the clinical outcomes of MIS and OS for patients with CRC and SCRLM were included by eligibility criteria. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager Software. The quality of the pooled study was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The publication bias was evaluated by a funnel plot and the Begg’s and Egger’s tests. Fixed- and random-effects models were applied according to heterogeneity. RESULTS Ten retrospective cohort studies involving 502 patients (216 patients in the MIS group and 286 patients in the OS group) were included in this study. MIS was associated with less intraoperative blood loss [weighted mean difference (WMD)=-130.09, 95% confidence interval (CI):-210.95 to -49.23, P = 0.002] and blood transfusion [odds ratio (OR)= 0.53, 95%CI: 0.29 to 0.95, P = 0.03], faster recovery of intestinal function (WMD =-0.88 d, 95%CI:-1.58 to -0.19, P = 0.01) and diet (WMD =-1.54 d, 95%CI:-2.30 to -0.78, P < 0.0001), shorter length of postoperative hospital stay (WMD =-4.06 d, 95%CI:-5.95 to -2.18, P < 0.0001), and lower rates of surgical complications (OR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.37 to 0.99, P = 0.04). However, the operation time, rates and severity of overall complications, and rates of general complications showed no significant differences between the MIS and OS groups. Moreover, the overall survival and disease-free survival after MIS were equivalent to those after OS. CONCLUSION Considering the studies included in this meta-analysis, MIS is a safe and effective alternative technique for the simultaneous resection of CRC and SCRLM. Compared with OS, MIS has less intraoperative blood loss and blood transfusion and quicker postoperative recovery. Furthermore, the two groups show equivalent long-term outcomes.

Different techniques for harvesting grafts for living donor liver transplantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on minimally vs conventional invasive techniques for harvesting grafts for living donor liver transplantation.METHODS Pub Med,Web of Science,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library were searched comprehensively for studies comparing MILDH with conventional living donor hepatectomy(CLDH).Intraoperative and postoperative outcomes(operative time,estimated blood loss,postoperative liver function,length of hospital stay,analgesia use,complications,and survival rate)were analyzed in donors and recipients.Articles were included if they:(1)compared the outcomes of MILDH and CLDH;and(2)reported at least some of the above outcomes.RESULTS Of 937 articles identified,13,containing 1592 patients,met our inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis.For donors,operative time[weighted mean difference(WMD)=20.68,95%CI:-6.25-47.60, =0.13]and blood loss(WMD=-32.61,95%CI:-80.44-5.21, =0.18)were comparable in the two groups.In contrast,analgesia use(WMD=-7.79,9 5%C I:-1 4.0 6-1.8 7, =0.0 1),posto pera tive complications[odds ratio(OR)=0.62,95%CI:0.44-0.89, =0.009],and length of hospital stay(W M D):-1.2 5,9 5%C I:-2.3 5-0.1 4, =0.0 3)significantly favored MILDH.No differences were observed in recipient outcomes,including postoperative complications(OR=0.93,95%CI:0.66-1.31, =0.68)and survival rate(HR=0.96,95%CI:0.27-3.47, =0.95).Funnel plot and statistical methods showed a low probability of publication bias.CONCLUSION MILDH is safe,effective,and feasible for living donor liver resection with fewer donor postoperative complications,reduced length of hospital stay and analgesia requirement than CLDH.

Application of causality diagram in system safety analysis

Causality Diagram (CD) is a new graphical knowledge representation based on probability theory. The application of this methodology in the safety analysis of the gas explosion in collieries was discussed in this paper, and the Minimal Cut Set, the Minimal Path Set and the Importance were introduced to develop the methodology. These concepts are employed to analyze the influence each event has on the top event ? the gas explosion, so as to find out about the defects of the system and accordingly help to work out the emphasis of the precautionary work and some preventive measures as well. The results of the safety analysis are in accordance with the practical requirements; therefore the preventive measures are certain to work effectively. In brief, according to the research CD is so effective in the safety analysis and the safety assessment that it can be a qualitative and quantitative method to predict the accident as well as offer some effective measures for the investigation, the prevention and the control of the accident.

Parallel Active Subspace Decomposition for Tensor Robust Principal Component Analysis

Tensor robust principal component analysis has received a substantial amount of attention in various fields.Most existing methods,normally relying on tensor nuclear norm minimization,need to pay an expensive computational cost due to multiple singular value decompositions at each iteration.To overcome the drawback,we propose a scalable and efficient method,named parallel active subspace decomposition,which divides the unfolding along each mode of the tensor into a columnwise orthonormal matrix(active subspace)and another small-size matrix in parallel.Such a transformation leads to a nonconvex optimization problem in which the scale of nuclear norm minimization is generally much smaller than that in the original problem.We solve the optimization problem by an alternating direction method of multipliers and show that the iterates can be convergent within the given stopping criterion and the convergent solution is close to the global optimum solution within the prescribed bound.Experimental results are given to demonstrate that the performance of the proposed model is better than the state-of-the-art methods.

Study and application of an improved four-dimensional variational assimilation system based on the physical-space statistical analysis for the South China Sea

The four-dimensional variational assimilation(4D-Var)has been widely used in meteorological and oceanographic data assimilation.This method is usually implemented in the model space,known as primal approach(P4D-Var).Alternatively,physical space analysis system(4D-PSAS)is proposed to reduce the computation cost,in which the 4D-Var problem is solved in physical space(i.e.,observation space).In this study,the conjugate gradient(CG)algorithm,implemented in the 4D-PSAS system is evaluated and it is found that the non-monotonic change of the gradient norm of 4D-PSAS cost function causes artificial oscillations of cost function in the iteration process.The reason of non-monotonic variation of gradient norm in 4D-PSAS is then analyzed.In order to overcome the non-monotonic variation of gradient norm,a new algorithm,Minimum Residual(MINRES)algorithm,is implemented in the process of assimilation iteration in this study.Our experimental results show that the improved 4D-PSAS with the MINRES algorithm guarantees the monotonic reduction of gradient norm of cost function,greatly improves the convergence properties of 4D-PSAS as well,and significantly restrains the numerical noises associated with the traditional 4D-PSAS system.

Combined Water-Oxygen Pinch Analysis with Mathematical Programming for Wastewater Treatment

Water-oxygen pinch analysis is an effective method to decrease the wastewater quantity and improve the wastewater quality. But when multiple-contaminants are present, the method is difficult to be carried out. In this paper, the method that combines water-oxygen pinch analysis with mathematical programming is proposed. It obtains the general optimal solution and leads to the reuse stream that cannot be found only by pinch analysis. The new method is illustrated by an example, and the annual cost is reduced by 8.43% compared with the solution of literature.

Sparse Representation by Frames with Signal Analysis

The use of frames is analyzed in Compressed Sensing (CS) through proofs and experiments. First, a new generalized Dictionary-Restricted Isometry Property (D-RIP) sparsity bound constant for CS is established. Second, experiments with a tight frame to analyze sparsity and reconstruction quality using several signal and image types are shown. The constant is used in fulfilling the definition of D-RIP. It is proved that k-sparse signals can be reconstructed if by using a concise and transparent argument1. The approach could be extended to obtain other D-RIP bounds (i.e. ). Experiments contrast results of a Gabor tight frame with Total Variation minimization. In cases of practical interest, the use of a Gabor dictionary performs well when achieving a highly sparse representation and poorly when this sparsity is not achieved.

无人机载CeBr3航空监测系统无限大面源探测能力研究

在核设施发生重大事故后,快速获取事故应急区内的辐射水平,对后续应急决策及救援、保护公众免受辐射危害具有至关重要的意义,核应急航空辐射监测是核应急早期快速获取辐射水平的重要技术手段和方法之一,因此核工业航测遥感中心自主研发了无人机载CeBr3航空监测系统。为准确评估该监测系统的探测能力,文章使用蒙特卡罗方法对该监测系统进行了建模,并通过60Co点源对模型的准确性进行了验证。在此基础上,采用全能谱分析、蒙特卡罗及实验相结合的方法获得监测系统对天然辐射单位能谱,并以核事故后地面受到一个新的137Cs放射性沉降场景为例,计算监测系统在不同测量条件下(天然辐射本底、晶体体积、测量高度)对无限大137Cs面源的探测效率及最小可探测活度浓度。通过模拟及计算监测系统对天然辐射本底及核应急人工放射性核素的单位能谱,准确评估了自研的无人机载CeBr3核应急航空监测系统的探测能力,为后续利用该监测系统开展核与辐射航空监测可提供重要理论依据及数据支撑。

经支气管诊疗机器人设计及其柔性末端执行器位姿研究

经呼吸道活检是肺结节诊断中较为常见的手术,但由于呼吸道疾病存在传染风险以及手动操作时关节受限等,医工结合的诊疗方式逐渐成为发展趋势。为实现柔性体在支气管腔道内复杂弯曲动态环境下灵活运动、精准定位与稳定介入,采用主从协同式远程控制机器人机构设计,模拟传统手术中医生的操作习惯,设计并搭建能够操控支气管镜、活检钳的集成机构原理样机,以实现经支气管进行微创诊疗的双器械协同操控。然后,基于Cosserat杆理论,利用MATLAB软件对机器人柔性末端执行器的力-位映射关系、位姿和工作空间进行仿真求解,并通过实验分析机器人柔性末端执行器在经支气管的远程微创活检手术中的真实位姿以及机器人的实际运行效果,验证了仿真结果的准确性。研究结果可为经自然腔道活检术的多器械协同控制提供理论基础。

胫骨远端骨折伴软组织损伤3种不同微创固定方式的有限元分析

背景:伴软组织损伤胫骨远端骨折的治疗一直具有挑战性,新型逆行胫骨髓内钉是一种新的选择。目前关于新型逆行胫骨髓内钉、顺行髓内钉、外置接骨板之间的生物力学性能研究未见报道。目的:通过有限元分析方法,探讨新型逆行胫骨髓内钉、顺行髓内钉、外置接骨板治疗伴软组织损伤胫骨远端骨折的生物力学稳定性,为临床应用提供科学参考。方法:利用1名42岁健康男性的胫骨CT数据,通过相关软件建立胫骨远端横行骨折的有限元模型,根据骨折的固定原则,构建新型胫骨逆行髓内钉、胫骨顺行髓内钉、外置股骨远端外侧接骨板固定有限元模型。使用ANSYS 2019软件进行网格划分、施加载荷、数据处理,比较各模型胫骨和内固定的应力分布及位移情况。结果与结论:(1)3组模型的骨折端位移量随着载荷的增大而增加;所有模式载荷中,逆行髓内钉组位移最小,外置接骨板组次之,顺行髓内钉组平均位移最大;在800 N垂直载荷中,各组位移差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);其余载荷模式下各组无显著性差异;(2)不同载荷模式下3组模型中胫骨应力均表现为胫骨中段最高,向近、远端缓慢过渡降低;胫骨干部位应力分布均呈现逆行髓内钉组最高、外置接骨板组次之、顺行髓内钉组应力最小的情况;(3)不同载荷模式下3组模型中胫骨应力集中部位的应力,外置接骨板组明显高于另外两组,差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05);(4)不同载荷条件下3组模型中固定物的应力值,外置接骨板组最大,逆行髓内钉组次之,顺行髓内钉组最小;不同载荷条件下3组固定物应力集中部位的应力差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05);(5)提示3种固定方式均具有良好的抗旋转能力及轴向稳定性,其中新型胫骨逆行髓内钉具有更好的生物力学稳定性。

三维组架螺钉与微创钢板固定SandersⅢ型跟骨骨折的有限元分析

背景:经皮复位加压固定的三维组架螺钉内固定在治疗SandersⅢ型跟骨骨折上已经取得了满意的临床疗效,但在生物力学方面是否可以达到微创钢板内固定的稳定性,以及对比之后的优势与缺点还不得而知。目的:通过有限元分析方法探讨不同内固定装置对SandersⅢ型跟骨骨折的固定效果。方法:选择1名26岁成年健康男性志愿者,根据其跟骨CT数据制作SandersⅢ型跟骨骨折有限元模型。选用经皮微创三维组架螺钉、跗骨窦微创钢板分别固定跟骨骨折模型,分别施加350,700N纵向载荷,分析2种模型的位移、应力分布情况,比较各种模型的稳定性。结果与结论:①三维组架螺钉模型中骨块与内植物的峰值应力明显低于微创钢板模型,三维组架螺钉模型中骨块与内植物的平均应力也明显低于微创钢板模型;②2种模型的最大位移均位于后距关节面内侧,三维组架螺钉模型的最大位移小于微创钢板模型;③微创钢板模型前突骨块与内侧骨块的纵向位移更小,三维组架螺钉模型内侧骨块与中段骨块的横向与垂直位移更小;④提示2种内固定模型均能提供满意的固定效果,其中三维组架螺钉模型使应力分布更均匀、骨块综合位移更小,能提供更好的横向与垂直稳定性,而微创钢板在维持纵向稳定性上更具优势。