Efficacy ofβ2-adrenergic receptor agonist combined with corticosteroid in the treatment of children with cough variant asthma

BACKGROUND Cough variant asthma(CVA)is one of the most common respiratory diseases in children,which has a serious impact on the quality of life and daily activities of children.For severe CVA,immunomodulatory drugs are needed.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of salmeterol combined with budesonide in the treatment of pediatric CVA.METHODS 130 children with CVA from January 2020 to December 2022 were prospectively selected and randomly divided into an observation group(salmeterol combined with budesonide)and a control group(budesonide combined with a placebo).Compare the clinical efficacy of two groups before and after intervention.The evaluation parameters include cough frequency score,nocturnal cough arousal,and lung function indicators.Serum inflammatory markers,immune function markers and airway anatomical indicators were also measured.RESULTS After the intervention,the total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group,and the cough frequency score and the night cough wake rate of the observation group were lower than that of the control group,with a statistically significant difference.In addition,the changes of lung function indicators,serum markers and immune function markers in the observation group were better than those in the control group.CONCLUSION The clinical efficacy of salmeterol combined with Budesonide in the treatment of CVA is better than that of Budesonide alone.

Experimental study on the regulation effect of Qiaoqin Qingfei agent on cough variant asthma based on airway neurogenic inflammation

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of regulation of airway neurogenic inflammation by Qiaoqin Qingfei agent in rats with cough variant asthma(CVA).Methods:48 SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,montelukast sodium group(1.05 mg/kg)and high,medium and low dose groups(26,13,6.5 g/kg),with 8 rats in each group.The rat CVA model was established by the method of ovalbumin(OVA)combined with aluminum hydroxide(Al(OH)3)sensitization and repeated stimulation.From the second day of sensitization,the rat CVA model was given by gavage for 28 days.The pathological changes of lung tissue were observed under microscope by HE staining.The content changes of nerve growth factor(NGF)and substance P(SP)in alveolar lavage fluid(BALF)were determined by double-antibody sandwich ABC-ELISA,and the protein expression levels of NGF and SP in lung tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results:Pathological findings showed significant inflammatory manifestations in the model group,and the inflammatory infiltration in the high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups of Qiaoqin Qingfei agent and montelukast sodium groups were alleviated to varying degrees.Compared with blank group,the protein expression levels of NGF and SP in lung tissue of model group were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with model group,the protein expression levels of NGF and SP in lung tissue and the contents of NGF and SP in alveolar lavage fluid in high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups and montelukast sodium group were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion:Qiaoqin Qingfei agent may reduce airway inflammation and relieve cough variant asthma by regulating the protein expression levels of NGF and SP in airway neurogenic inflammation.

Effect of glycyrrhetinic acid on Th1/Th2 balance in cough variant asthma mice

Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Glycyrrhetinic Acid on cough variant asthma(CVA)mice and to investigate the possible mechanism in reducing lung inflammation.Methods:48 young female Balb/c mice were divided into Control,CVA,Prednisone Acetate,Glycyrrhetinic Acid high-dose,Glycyrrhetinic Acid middle-dose and Glycyrrhetinic Acid lowdose groups randomly,with 8 mice in each group.The CVA mice model was established by ovalbumin(OVA)sensitization and OVA challenge,the animal asthma behavior was observed after drug administration,and the index of the lung of mice were recorded.The level of OVAsIgE in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)was tested by ELISA.The pathological changes of the lung tissue were observed by Hematoxylin and Eosin(H&E)staining.The protein expressions of T-bet,IFN-γ,Gata3,IL-4 and IL-13 in the lung tissue were determined by Western blot.Results:Compared with the CVA group,the index of lung of mice,the OVA-sIgE level in BALF and expression levels of Th2-related factor in the lung tissue of mice in Prednisone Acetate and Glycyrrhetinic Acid groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung tissue was reduced,while expressions of Th1-related factor in the lung tissue was significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:Glycyrrhetinic acid has therapeutic effect on CVA mice,the underlying mechanism of Glycyrrhetinic acid alleviating lung impairment and airway inflammation may be associated with mediating the Th1/Th2 imbalance in the lung tissue.

Clinical Analysis of Dispelling Wind,Eliminating Lung and Relieving Cough Combined with Western Medicine in the Treatment of Cough Variant Asthma in Children

Objective:This study mainly explores the clinical effect of dispelling wind,eliminating lung and relieving cough combined with western medicine in the treatment of cough variant asthma.Methods:80 children with cough variant asthma accepted by our hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 were randomly selected for the study and divided into two groups.One group was the reference group(40 cases)treated with procaterol hydrochloride tablets and montelukast sodium,and the other group was the research group(40 cases)・The method of eliminating wind,eliminating lung and relieving cough was combined with procaterol hydrochloride tablets and montelukast sodium to observe and compare the curative effects of the two groups.Results:There was no significant difference in TCM symptom score and eosinophil(EOS)count between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05);After treatment,the TCM symptom scores of coughs,pharyngeal itching,expectoration,nasal congestion and nasal itching in the research group were lower than those in the reference group,and the EOS count was lower than that in the reference group(P<0.05);The effective rate of research group was higher than that of reference group(P<0.05).Conclusions:For children with cough variant asthma,Qufeng Sufei cough relieving method combined with procaterol hydrochloride and montelukast sodium can improve children's symptoms and reduce eosinophil count.

The influence of vitamin D3 on airway inflammation and osteopontin expression in cough variant asthma rats

Objective:To observe the effect of vitaminD3 on airway inflammation and osteopontin(OPN)expression on cough variant asthma(CVA)models.Methods:SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group and treatment group,each group with 10 rats.The CVA model was induced by intraperitoneal injection combined with aerosolized ovalbumin(OVA),the treatment group was given 100 mg/ml of vitaminD330 minutes before challenge by administered orally.Airway hyperreaction were measured by airway resistance after inhalation of acetylcholine(Ach).Wright-Gimsa staining was used to observe the inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF).HE and PAS were used to observe the morphological changes of lung tissue.OPN expression was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results:1)Airway hyperreaction:airway resistance after inhalation Ach in model group and treatment group were significantly higher than that in blank group(P<0.01),airway resistance in treatment group were lower than that in model group(P<0.01);2)Classification of inflammatory cells:The percentage of macrophages,lymphocytes,neutrophils,and eosinophils in the BALF of the model group and the treatment group were increased compared with the blank group(P<0.01),furthermore,the number of treatment group were lower than the model group(P<0.05);3)Morphological changes of lung tissue:a large amount of inflammatory cells and goblet cell proliferation were observed in the lung tissue of the model group,and these changes were slight in treatment group compared with model group;OPN expression in lung tissue:The expression of OPN in model and treatment group were increased compared with blank group(P<0.05),and the treatment group was lower than that of model group(P<0.05).The OPN content was positively correlated with the percentage of inflammatory cells in BALF(P<0.05).Conclusions:Vitamin D3 can reduce airway hyperreaction and airway inflammation in CVA rats.The mechanism may be related to the intervention of OPN expression in lung tissue.

Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of Ding-Chuan Tang in the treatment of pediatric cough variant asthma

Objective:To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Ding-Chuan Tang in the treatment of pediatric cough variant asthma(CVA).Methods:Randomized controlled trials on the treatment of pediatric CVA with Ding-Chuan Tang were searched by computer through the China Journal Full Text Database(CNKI),WanFang Digital Journal Full Text Database(WanFang Data),Vipe Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP),Pubmed Database,Ovid Database,Embase Database,etc.The search time was from database establishment to April 1,2021.Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the Executive editor:Nuo-Xi Pi.Received:10 September 2021;Accepted:13 January 2022;Available online:19 January 2022.©2022 By Author(s).Published by TMR Publishing Group Limited.This is an open access article under the CC-BY license.(http://creativecommons.Org/licenses/BY/4.0/)two researchers independently screened the literature,extracted information,and assessed the methodological quality evaluation of the literature,and Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.4 software.Results:The final number of RCTs was included 17,including cases of affected 1308 children.According to the results of the Meta-analysis:the test group was significantly better than the control group in terms of clinical efficiency,percentage of first second force expiratory volume(FEV1%),percentage of peak expiratory flow rate(PEF%),time to treatment onset,time to the disappearance of symptoms,Chinese medicine symptom score,and recurrence rate;the difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups was not statistically significant.Conclusion:The clinical treatment of pediatric CVA with Ding-Chuan Tang is effective and does not increase the incidence of adverse reactions.However,the methodological and reporting quality of existing small-sample randomized controlled trials(RCTs)is low,so evidence of efficacy must be confirmed by rigorously designed large-sample clinical trials.

The effectiveness and safety of HuangQiXiXin decoction for cough variant asthma:protocol for a systematic review

Objective:A comprehensive and updated systematic review is needed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of HuangQiXiXin decoction(HQXXD)for cough variant asthma(CVA).The aim of this systematic review protocol is to comprehensively assess the effectiveness and safety of HQXXD for CVA.Methods:An overall search for studies in main English and Chinese electronic databases from their inception to January 2021 will be performed.Randomized controlled trials regarding HQXXD for CVA will be included.We will use RevMan 5.3 software to perform statistical analysis and meta-analysis.Results:The findings of this systematic review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications.Conclusion:The systematic review will provide more evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of HQXXD for CVA.

Clinical Study on Treatment of Cough Variant Asthma by Chinese Medicine

To observe the clinical efficacy and the change of airway responsiveness to Chinese medicine （CM） in treating cough variant asthma （CVA）. Methods： Ninety-four patients who had confirmed the diagnosis of CVA were selected and randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group by the blocked randomization method. The ratio of the two groups was 2：1. The treatment group had 63 patients that were treated by CM, lost in 10 cases, 53 patients had finished the trial. The control group had 31 patients that were treated by montelukast tablets and theophylline, lost in 5 cases, 26 patients had finished the trial, two weeks as one therapeutic course. The syndrome efficacy, cough efficacy, symptom score and the airway responsiveness between two groups were observed. Results： The comparison of the syndrome efficacy： the total effective rate of the treatment group was 90.57% and the control group was 76.92%, and the two groups were significantly different （P〈0.05）. The comparison of the cough efficacy： the total effective rate of the treatment group was 98.11% and the control group was 80.77%, and the two groups were also significantly different （P〈0.05）. Syndrome scoring and cough scoring were all significantly lowered, but the airway responsiveness was not significantly lowered. Conclusions： The treatment of CM could ease the cough, improve the syndrome, and shows obvious advantages compared with the control group, which is worthy of extensive clinical application.

Effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese herbs in children with cough variant asthma: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE:To systematically investigate the clinical effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese herbs(TCHs)as an alternative to conventional medicine(CM)in children with cough variant asthma(CVA).METHODS:Randomized controlled trial(RCT)studies that were published from their inceptions to March 31,2020,were identified from the electronic databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wangfang,Pub Med,and Cochrane Central Library.The primary outcome of the review was the total effective rate(TER),and the secondary outcomes were immunoglobulin E(Ig E),peak expiratory flow(PEF),adverse drug reactions,and relapse rates of interventions.RESULTS:For the Meta-analysis,13 studies involving 992 children with CVA were included.In terms of TER and Ig E,the experimental interventions of TCH,when compared with the control interventions of CM,on pediatric CVA were found to be significantly effective(P<0.0001),whereas for spirometry,PEF was not significantly improved in the TCH group(P=0.48).The incident rates of adverse drug reaction and relapse were found to be significantly lower in the TCH group than those in the CM group(P=0.02 and P<0.0001,respectively).CONCLUSION:Compared with CM therapy,the effects of TCH therapy on pediatric CVA were significantly beneficial in terms of TER and Ig E,but not for PEF,and the methodological quality of included studies was poor.Therefore,the results should be interpreted with caution.More randomized controlled trials with rigorous experimental methodologies are required for objectivity in the future.

Therapeutic efficacy and safety rating of Tui-Pushing chest-back manipulation for children with cough variant asthma Therapeutic efficacy and safety rating of Tui-Pushing chest-back manipulation for children with cough variant asthma

Objective:To observe and evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of using pediatric Tuina(Chinese therapeutic massage),Tui-Pushing chest-back manipulation,in treating children with cough variant asthma(CVA).Methods:Seventy-two kids with CVA were divided into two groups using the random number table method,with 36 cases in each group.The control group received the conventional Tuina treatment,and the observation group received additional Tui-Pushing chest-back manipulation.The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions were observed and recorded for the two groups.Results:After three treatment courses,compared with the control group,the observation group showed advantages in the total effective rate,reducing the number and intensity of cough and improving the nature of cough(P<0.05).However,at the one-month follow-up,there were no significant differences between the two groups in these parameters(P>0.05).Regarding the adverse reaction rate,there was no significant between-group difference(P>0.05).Conclusion:It is effective and safe to use pediatric Tuina,Tui-Pushing chest-back manipulation,plus the conventional treatment protocol to treat CVA in children.

A Brief Analysis on the Characteristics of Chinese Medicine and Treatment for Cough Variant

Cough variant is a common disease of the respiratory system and can lead to a unique type of asthma.The disease has no obvious symptoms such as wheezing nor shortness of breath.Coughing is the main clinical symptom,as it causes airway hyper-responsiveness.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has a unique understanding of this disease,and the effect is obvious after treatment,as it's based on symptom differentiation.This article takes the concept of“mild fluid retention”from“The Synopsis of the Golden Chamber”as an entry point,briefly describes the relationship between cough variant and mild fluid retention,as well as the diagnosis and treatment of Chinese medicine.

孟鲁司特钠单用、布地奈德/福莫特罗单用及两者联用治疗对儿童咳嗽变异型哮喘的疗效比较

目的本研究旨在比较孟鲁司特钠(Mon)单用、布地奈德/福莫特罗(BF)单用及两者联用治疗儿童咳嗽变异型哮喘(CVA)的疗效。方法选取2021年6月至2023年6月北京市海淀医院诊治的CVA患儿为研究对象。根据治疗方案,将CVA患儿分为Mon组、BF组和联合组。观察治疗8周后的治疗总有效率(TER)、不良反应发生率(TAER)、咳嗽症状评分[日间咳嗽症状评分(DCSS)和夜间咳嗽症状评分(NCSS)]、免疫功能[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)和免疫球蛋白E(IgE)]、肺功能[第1秒用力呼出气体容量(FEV_(1))、肺活量(FVC)和呼气峰值流速(PEF)]和血清嗜酸性粒细胞计数(EOS)。结果共选取180例CVA患儿,Mon组62例,BF组60例,联合组58例。治疗后,3组TER、TAER、DCSS、NCSS、血清TNF-α、血清IL-4和血清IgE水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。联合组患儿FEV_(1)、FVC和PEF显著高于Mon组和BF组(P<0.05),EOS显著低于Mon组和BF组(P<0.05);而Mon组和BF组FEV1、FVC、PEF和EOS学差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论Mon或BF可有效改善CVA患儿咳嗽症状和免疫功能,其镇咳作用和抗炎作用同Mon和BF联用相似。此外,Mon和BF联用可进一步改善CVA患儿肺功能,减少血清EOS水平。

基于网络药理学探讨紫苏子—杏仁药对治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘的作用机制

目的 基于网络药理学探讨紫苏子—杏仁药对治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)的潜在分子作用靶点及机制。方法 采用中药系统药理学数据库和分析平台(TCMSP)数据库对紫苏子—杏仁药对的有效活性成分进行筛选,并采用SwissTargetPrediction网站进行靶点预测。采用GeneCards数据库检索CVA相关靶点,借助Venny 2.1.0获取交集靶点,对交集靶点分别运用Cytoscape 3.9.1软件和STRING数据库构建主要活性成分—潜在治疗靶基因网络图和PPI蛋白互作网络,并筛选出关键有效活性成分和核心靶蛋白,通过DAVID数据库对交集靶点进行GO功能及KEGG通路的富集分析。结果 筛选出紫苏子—杏仁药对有效成分19个,与CVA相关靶点224个,核心靶点为AKT1、IL-6、TP53、SRC、MAPK3、EGFR、JUN、PTGS2、HSP90AA1、ESR1。GO功能富集分析显示分子功能165个、细胞组分79个、生物过程630个。KEGG通路富集分析显示得到信号通路155条,主要涉及cAMP信号通路、PI3K-Akt信号通路、癌症通路、化学致癌—受体激活通路、神经活性配体—受体相互作用等。结论 紫苏子—杏仁药对可通过多成分、多靶点、多通路的协同作用抗CVA。

小儿咳嗽变异性哮喘标准治疗后停药1年复发的影响因素及其交互效应

目的研究咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)患儿标准治疗后停药一年复发的影响因素及其交互效应。方法回顾性分析2018年1月-2020年1月玉林市红十字会医院收治的167例CVA患儿的临床资料,所有患儿均接受吸入性糖皮质激素(ICS)规范治疗(疗程≥6个月),停药后随访观察≥2年,按照患儿2年的随访结果,将CVA标准治疗后停药1年复发的98例患儿纳为CVA复发组,69例未复发纳为CVA未复发组,进行对照研究,分析CVA复发影响因素及其交互效应。结果单因素分析得出两组患儿反复呼吸道感染病史、变应性鼻炎、过敏性皮炎及停药时呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析得出,有反复呼吸道感染病史(OR=4.543,P=0.001)、有变应性鼻炎(OR=7.146,P<0.001)、FeNO>20.00 ppb(OR=3.770,P=0.001)为CVA标准治疗后停药一年复发独立危险因素。反复呼吸道感染病史与变应性鼻炎、反复呼吸道感染病史与FeNO、变应性鼻炎与FeNO的交互作用指数S分别为2.152、1.527、1.397。结论有反复呼吸道感染、变应性鼻炎和FeNO>20.00ppb均是影响CVA标准治疗后停药1年复发的影响因素,且两两因素间有正向交互作用。

基于“聚于胃,关于肺”论治小儿咳嗽变异性哮喘

咳嗽变异性哮喘是儿科慢性咳嗽中最常见的疾病之一,“聚于胃,关于肺”是对咳嗽病机的概括,反映了《黄帝内经》在治疗咳嗽病时对肺胃的高度重视。肺胃两脏解剖位置相近,脉络相互贯通,在生理病理方面也相互影响,为临床从肺胃论治咳嗽变异性哮喘提供了充实的理论依据。根据此理论,临床上对于风热犯肺证以桑菊饮为主疏风清热,宣肺止咳;胃阳虚弱,脾虚气滞证者以异功散和或苓桂术甘汤为主温脾和胃,理气止咳;脾虚痰伏,肺热气逆证以加味六安煎为主健中化痰,清肺降气;肺胃阴伤证以麦门冬汤为主养阴生津。以求治咳不离肺,也不拘泥于肺。

咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿血清25(OH)D_(3)、IL-6水平变化与T淋巴细胞免疫平衡的关系及预测预后的价值分析

目的分析咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)患儿血清25-羟维生素D_(3)[25(OH)D_(3)]、白介素-6(IL-6)水平变化与T淋巴细胞免疫平衡的关系及预测预后的价值。方法选取98例CVA患儿作为研究组,49例健康儿童作为对照组。比较两组一般资料、血清25(OH)D_(3)、IL-6水平、T淋巴细胞免疫平衡指标,分析研究组血清25(OH)D_(3)、IL-6水平与免疫平衡指标的相关性,比较治疗4周后不同预后患儿治疗前后血清25(OH)D_(3)、IL-6水平及变化值(以△表示治疗前后变化值的绝对值),分析△25(OH)D_(3)、△IL-6与预后的相关性及治疗前血清25(OH)D_(3)、IL-6预测预后的价值。结果研究组血清25(OH)D_(3)水平、外周血CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞百分比低于对照组,血清IL-6水平高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组血清25(OH)D_(3)水平与外周血CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞百分比呈正相关,血清IL-6水平与外周血CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞百分比呈负相关(P<0.05);预后不良患儿治疗前、治疗后血清25(OH)D_(3)水平低于预后良好患儿,IL-6水平高于预后良好患儿,△IL-6小于预后良好患儿(P<0.05);研究组△IL-6与预后呈正相关(P<0.05);治疗前血清25(OH)D_(3)、IL-6单独预测CVA患儿预后不良的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.784、0.764,与单独预测比较,联合预测的AUC(0.926)明显增大,NRI、IDI均>0(P<0.05)。结论CVA患儿血清25(OH)D_(3)、IL-6水平变化与T淋巴细胞免疫平衡失调有关,且各指标联合在预测患儿预后方面具有良好应用价值。

麻黄附子细辛汤联合孟鲁司特钠对咳嗽变异性哮喘症状改善及外周血树突状细胞mDCs和pDCs水平的影响

目的分析麻黄附子细辛汤联合孟鲁司特钠对咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿症状改善及外周血髓样树突状细胞(myeloid dendritic cells,mDCs)和浆细胞样树突状细胞(plasmacytoid dendritic cells,pDCs)及肺功能的影响。方法选取医院2019年1月—2020年12月收治的132例咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿作为研究对象。按随机数字表法分为两组,对照组66例,在常规雾化治疗基础上给予孟鲁司特钠治疗;观察组66例,在对照组基础上给予麻黄附子细辛汤治疗。检测两组患儿治疗前、治疗后1、2、3、4周外周血mDCs、pDCs及mDCs/pDCs数据变化、症状改善情况及肺功能的影响。随访1年观察复发情况。结果两组治疗前后外周血mDCs比例没有变化(P>0.05);两组治疗后外周血pDCs比例均持续下降(P<0.05),但观察组治疗后2周和3周外周血pDCs比例低于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗后mDCs/pDCs比值升高(P<0.05),但观察组治疗后2周和3周的mDCs/pDCs比值高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗4周后,观察组早晚的咳嗽评分低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗4周后观察组肺功能各指标优于对照组(P<0.05);随访1年后,病例均未脱落,观察组复发率4.55%(3/66)低于对照组15.15%(10/66)(P<0.05)。结论麻黄附子细辛汤联合孟鲁司特钠治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘,更能快速降低外周血pDCs比例、提升mDCs/pDCs比值,有助于快速纠正患儿体内Th1/Th2的失衡状态同时减轻临床症状、优化肺功能,预后较好。

温润辛金方治疗微寒恋肺型咳嗽变异型哮喘的临床疗效研究

目的:观察温润辛金方治疗微寒恋肺型咳嗽变异型哮喘(CVA)的临床疗效及安全性,为CVA的中医临床治疗提供依据和思路。方法:选取2017年6月~2019年12月期间于某院就诊的60例微寒恋肺型CVA患者,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组给予沙美特罗替卡松吸入粉雾剂,观察组给予温润辛金方,两组均治疗6周。观察两组患者的中医证候疗效以及不良反应,比较两组患者治疗前后呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)及咳嗽症状积分的变化。结果:对照组和观察组分别脱落2例和4例。两组临床治疗总有效率比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组咳嗽症状积分、FeNO均较治疗前下降(P<0.05),且观察组咳嗽症状积分低于对照组(P<0.05),但两组FeNO水平比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。观察组有2例患者在服药期间出现恶心等胃部不适,嘱其改为饭后服药后症状消失;对照组有2例患者出现轻微不良反应,但不影响后续治疗。结论:温润辛金方可有效改善微寒恋肺型CVA患者的临床症状和咳嗽症状积分,临床疗效较佳且安全性良好。

基于MAPK/NF-κB信号通路探讨调气止咳方对咳嗽变异性哮喘大鼠气道炎症的影响及机制

目的基于MAPK/NF-κB信号通路探讨调气止咳方(麻黄、苦杏仁、浙贝母、黄芩、瓜蒌子等)对咳嗽变异性哮喘大鼠气道炎症的影响及机制。方法采用卵清蛋白致敏复制咳嗽变异性哮喘大鼠模型。将SD大鼠随机分组为空白组、模型组、地塞米松组(0.5 mg·kg^(-1))、孟鲁司特组(1.0 mg·kg^(-1))及调气止咳方低、中、高剂量组(9.6、19.2、38.4 g·kg^(-1)),每组10只;灌胃给药,每日1次,连续14 d。观察大鼠一般状况并记录雾化后2 min内大鼠的咳嗽次数;采用HE染色、Masson染色法观察大鼠肺组织病理变化;ELISA法检测血清白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)含量;Western Blot法检测肺组织p38 MAPK、p-p38、NF-κB p65、p-p65蛋白表达水平;RT-qPCR法检测肺组织p38 MAPK、NF-κB p65 mRNA表达水平。结果与空白组比较,模型组大鼠的咳嗽次数显著增加(P<0.01),肺损伤病理评分及胶原纤维面积比显著升高(P<0.01);血清IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平均显著升高(P<0.01);肺组织中p-p38、p-p65、p-p38/p38、p-p65/p65蛋白表达均显著上调(P<0.01),p38 MAPK、NF-κB p65 mRNA表达显著上调(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,各给药组大鼠的咳嗽次数显著减少(P<0.01),肺损伤病理评分及胶原纤维面积比显著降低(P<0.01),血清IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平均显著降低(P<0.01),肺组织中p-p38、p-p65蛋白表达及p38 MAPK、NF-κB p65 mRNA表达均明显下调(P<0.05,P<0.01);调气止咳方高剂量组大鼠肺组织中p-p38/p38、p-p65/p65蛋白表达比值均显著下调(P<0.01)。与地塞米松组和孟鲁司特组比较,调气止咳方高剂量组大鼠的咳嗽次数明显减少(P<0.05);与地塞米松组比较,调气止咳方高剂量组大鼠的血清IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平明显降低(P<0.01);与孟鲁司特组比较,调气止咳方高剂量组大鼠的血清IL-1β、TNF-α水平明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论调气止咳方能够改善卵清蛋白诱导的咳嗽变异性哮喘大鼠的咳嗽症状,减轻气道炎症细胞浸润及气道重塑,降低炎症细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平,其机制可能与调控MAPK/NF-κB信号通路有关。

LXA4、SAA、ECP水平预测咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿预后的价值

目的探讨咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)患儿血清脂氧素A4(LXA4)、淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)、嗜酸性细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)水平预测咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿预后的价值,以期为临床治疗提供参考。方法本研究选取2020年1月—2023年10月在延安市人民医院就诊的114例CVA患儿为观察组;选取同期健康体检82例儿童为对照组。比较2组研究对象LXA4、SAA、ECP水平及呼气峰值流速(PEF)、呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)。利用Pearson相关分析患儿LXA4、SAA、ECP水平与PEF、FeNO相关性。依据患儿预后将患儿分为预后良好组(n=80)与预后不良组(n=34)。比较2组患儿LXA4、SAA、ECP与PEF、FeNO水平。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清LXA4、SAA、ECP水平对患儿预后的预测效能。结果观察组患儿LXA4、SAA、ECP及FeNO水平高于对照组研究对象,PEF低于对照组研究对象,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示:CVA患儿血清LXA4、SAA、ECP水平与PEF呈负相关,与FeNO呈正相关(P<0.05)。预后良好组患儿LXA4、SAA、ECP及FeNO水平均低于预后不良组,PEF高于预后不良组(P<0.05)。绘制LXA4、SAA、ECP水平预测CVA患儿预后的ROC曲线,计算曲线下面积(AUC),结果显示:LXA4、SAA、ECP水平对CVA患儿预后具有较高的预测价值(AUC>0.7)。结论CVA患儿存在血清LXA4、SAA、ECP及FeNO水平增高,PEF下降的现象。血清LXA4、SAA、ECP水平对患儿预后具有较高的预测价值,可评估患儿的疾病严重程度。