Sensitivity of diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is higher with the automated cell count method

BACKGROUND Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP)is one of the most important complications of patients with liver cirrhosis entailing high morbidity and mortality.Making an accurate early diagnosis of this infection is key in the outcome of these patients.The current definition of SBP is based on studies performed more than 40 years ago using a manual technique to count the number of polymorphs in ascitic fluid(AF).There is a lack of data comparing the traditional cell count method with a current automated cell counter.Moreover,current international guidelines do not mention the type of cell count method to be employed and around half of the centers still rely on the traditional manual method.AIM To compare the accuracy of polymorph count on AF to diagnose SBP between the traditional manual cell count method and a modern automated cell counter against SBP cases fulfilling gold standard criteria:Positive AF culture and signs/symptoms of peritonitis.METHODS Retrospective analysis including two cohorts:Cross-sectional(cohort 1)and case-control(cohort 2),of patients with decompensated cirrhosis and ascites.Both cell count methods were conducted simultaneously.Positive SBP cases had a pathogenic bacteria isolated on AF and signs/symptoms of peritonitis.RESULTS A total of 137 cases with 5 positive-SBP,and 85 cases with 33 positive-SBP were included in cohort 1 and 2,respectively.Positive-SBP cases had worse liver function in both cohorts.The automated method showed higher sensitivity than the manual cell count:80%vs 52%,P=0.02,in cohort 2.Both methods showed very good specificity(>95%).The best cutoff using the automated cell counter was polymorph≥0.2 cells×10^(9)/L(equivalent to 200 cells/mm^(3))in AF as it has the higher sensitivity keeping a good specificity.CONCLUSION The automated cell count method should be preferred over the manual method to diagnose SBP because of its higher sensitivity.SBP definition,using the automated method,as polymorph cell count≥0.2 cells×10^(9)/L in AF would need to be considered in patients admitted with decompensated cirrhosis.

基于Count Sketch的预处理贪婪Kaczmarz方法

在贪婪Kaczmarz方法中,通过对系数矩阵进行正交三角分解引入右预处理子能够提高贪婪Kaczmarz方法的收敛速率。但在系数矩阵的行数远大于列数的情况下,正交三角分解的成本过高。为降低预处理的成本,通过引入Count Sketch变换,提出了基于Count Sketch的预处理贪婪Kaczmarz方法,并对新方法进行了收敛性分析。理论分析说明了新方法在系数矩阵条件数较大时比已有方法具有更好的收敛速率。数值实验验证了新方法的有效性。

Fatigue Safety Assessment of Concrete Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge Based on Rain Flow Counting Method and Health Monitoring Data

The fatigue of concrete structures will gradually appear after being subjected to alternating loads for a long time,and the accidents caused by fatigue failure of bridge structures also appear from time to time.Aiming at the problem of degradation of long-span continuous rigid frame bridges due to fatigue and environmental effects,this paper suggests a method to analyze the fatigue degradation mechanism of this type of bridge,which combines long-term in-site monitoring data collected by the health monitoring system(HMS)and fatigue theory.In the paper,the authors mainly carry out the research work in the following aspects:First of all,a long-span continuous rigid frame bridge installed with HMS is used as an example,and a large amount of health monitoring data have been acquired,which can provide efficient information for fatigue in terms of equivalent stress range and cumulative number of stress cycles;next,for calculating the cumulative fatigue damage of the bridge structure,fatigue stress spectrum got by rain flow counting method,S-N curves and damage criteria are used for fatigue damage analysis.Moreover,it was considered a linear accumulation damage through the Palmgren-Miner rule for the counting of stress cycles.The health monitoring data are adopted to obtain fatigue stress data and the rain flow counting method is used to count the amplitude varying fatigue stress.The proposed fatigue reliability approach in the paper can estimate the fatigue damage degree and its evolution law of bridge structures well,and also can help bridge engineers do the assessment of future service duration.

A Successive Shift Box-Counting Method for Calculating Fractal Dimensions and Its Application in Identification of Faults

Fractal dimensions of a terrain quantitatively describe the self-organizedstructure of the terrain geometry. However, the local topographic variation cannot be illustrated bythe conventional box-counting method. This paper proposes a successive shift box-counting method,in which the studied object is divided into small sub-objects that are composed of a series of gridsaccording to its characteristic scaling. The terrain fractal dimensions in the grids are calculatedwith the successive shift box-counting method and the scattered points with values of fractaldimensions are obtained. The present research shows that the planar variation of fractal dimensionsis well consistent with fault traces and geological boundaries.

Improved Data Processing of Loading Spectrum for Applications of Rainflow Counting Method

The rainflow counting method is a reasonable cyclecounting procedure for fatigue life calculation and simulation testing of structures.It defines cycles as closed stress /strain hysteresis loops.Application of the rainflow counting method requires a data processing of the loading spectrum,which consists of the elimination of non-peak value data points,load time histories adjustment and loop extraction.In the data processing of the loading spectrum,if a stress point is neither the peak nor the valley,it will be identified and eliminated from the loading spectrum.Generally,the loading process is idealized as a single peak-valley straight line.But in actually,there are polylines or nearly straight lines between peaks and valleys which can't be ignored.Therefore,in the process of eliminating such data points,it will produce error in method itself.To reduce the error produced by the traditional method itself,a new method which can well simplify the polylines in data processing of loading spectrum is proposed in this paper.Comparing with the original approximation method,the proposed method has higher precision.

ON THE LATTICE PATH METHOD IN CONVOLUTION-TYPE COMBINATORIAL IDENTITIES(Ⅱ)—THE WEIGHTED COUNTING FUNCTION METHOD ON LATTICE PATHS

An independent method for paper [10] is presented. Weighted lattice paths are enumerated by counting function which is a natural extension of Gaussian multinomial coefficient in the case of unrestricted paths. Convolutions for path counts are investigated, which yields some Vandcrmondc-type identities for multinomial and q-multinomial coefficients.

The Study on Taxonomic Status of Trimeresurus stejnegeri chenbihuii Based on Scale Counting Method

[Objectives] This study was conducted to further investigate the taxonomic status of Hainan population of Trimeresurus stejnegeri from the morphological point of view.[Methods]The difference coefficients between different populations were compared using the 75% law,and the relationship between scales and latitudes was analyzed.[Results] The scales(abdominal and subcaudal) of 325 Trimeresurus individuals were counted according to China Animal Fauna,including156 T.stejnegeri individuals.Some difference coefficients between the Hainan population and others were greater than 1.28,and there was no correlation between the number of scales and latitude.It conforms to subclassification criteria.[Conclusions]The view about the subspecies status of T.stejnegeri chenbihuii should be supported.

A Count Sketch Maximal Weighted Residual Kaczmarz Method with Oblique Projection for Highly Overdetermined Linear Systems

Motivated by the count sketch maximal weighted residual Kaczmarz (CS-MWRK) method presented by Zhang and Li (Appl. Math. Comput., 410, 126486), we combine the count sketch tech with the maximal weighted residual Kaczmarz Method with Oblique Projection (MWRKO) constructed by Wang, Li, Bao and Liu (arXiv: 2106.13606) to develop a new method for solving highly overdetermined linear systems. The convergence rate of the new method is analyzed. Numerical results demonstrate that our method performs better in computing time compared with the CS-MWRK and MWRKO methods.

培养温度、时间对饲用凝结芽孢杆菌菌数的影响

研究采用平板计数法,评估了两个团体标准(T/YNBX 024—2021,简称“云南团标”;T/CSWSL 022—2020,简称“北京团标”)操作步骤中微生物的培养温度、培养时间对饲用凝结芽孢杆菌制剂的菌数检测结果的影响,旨在为确定饲用凝结芽孢杆菌制剂菌数检测的培养温度和时间提供参考。结果显示:无论采用云南团标、还是北京团标,在40℃/24 h“低温、短时”培养条件下,平板上无菌落生长,无菌数检出数据;50℃/24 h“高温、短时”培养的检出菌数显著高于40℃/48 h“低温、长时”(P<0.05),且50℃/24 h“高温、短时”与50℃/48 h“高温、长时”的检出菌数一致。本研究证明,平板计数法检测饲用凝结芽孢杆菌菌数受培养温度和时间影响,以培养温度为50℃、培养时间为24~48 h为宜。

弧形绝缘子金属连接环局部机械损坏识别仿真

弧形绝缘子金属连接环通常安装在电力设备上,由于其所处的环境复杂,且存在各种环境干扰因素的影响,使得其局部出现机械损坏时,识别结果不准确。为了精准识别连接环局部机械损坏,提出一种弧形绝缘子金属连接环局部机械损坏识别方法。通过形态学开—闭重构运算对弧形绝缘子金属连接环图像展开建模,使用差分运算获取差分图像,并结合最大熵值法对其分割。根据弧形绝缘子金属连接环的特点,排除非损伤部分对图像识别的干扰。采用基于分形理论的差分盒维法,将图像划分为多个子块并计算其分形维数值,并判断图像是否在数值范围内,从而实现对连接环局部机械损坏的识别。实验结果表明,所提方法可以精准识别弧形绝缘子金属连接环局部机械损坏,具有比较强的适用性。

基于深度学习的弱反馈自混合干涉信号滤波方法

采集激光自混合干涉信号的过程中会受到环境和电路噪声的干扰,导致信号失真。为了去掉噪声,最大限度保留原信号特征,提出了基于深度学习的自混合干涉滤波方法,该方法适用于弱反馈条件。使用自编码器作为神经网络,用加入噪声的信号作为输入,未加噪声的信号作为输出来训练网络。仿真结果表明:该方法处理含噪声自混合干涉信号时不仅能提高含噪声信号的信噪比,还能很好地保留干涉条纹的波形特征,即条纹的倾斜方向。实验中,使用深度学习方法滤波,再用条纹计数法进行位移重构,结果表明该方法对弱反馈条件下的自混合干涉信号有较好的滤波效果。

基于频域分析的机载液压驱动装置疲劳寿命预测方法研究

目的 采用时域雨流法和4种频域振动疲劳分析方法对机载液压驱动装置的危险部位进行寿命预测及频域方法适用性研究。方法 首先通过有限元随机振动分析得到该结构耳片危险区域的应力PSD,计算的谱宽系数都集中在0.3~0.35,是窄带和宽带分界区域。然后运用4种典型的载荷谱估计模型,即三区间法、基于Dirlik雨流幅值经验模型、用于窄带过程的Rayleigh分布模型、Weibull分布模型,得到危险位置的疲劳寿命安全系数。接着将应力PSD映射为应力-时间序列,并基于雨流计数法得到疲劳寿命安全系数。最后以时域疲劳预测结果基准,对4种频域方法的适用性进行讨论。结果 预测结果显示,Dirlik方法预测的9个安全系数最为可靠,Rayleigh法结果一般,三区间法和Weibull法最差。结论 在窄带和宽带分界区域的谱宽系数,建议采用Dirlik方法,不建议采用三区间法和Weibull法。

食品微生物检验中大肠菌群MPN计数法培养基质量控制措施分析

食品安全已经成为食品领域重点关注的问题之一,食品微生物检验不仅是食品安全的重要保障,也对公众健康有着直接的影响。目前,食品微生物频繁地引发食品安全问题,亟需采取有效措施对食品微生物检验质量加以控制。在开展食品微生物检验的过程中,检验结果会很大程度上受到培养基质量的影响。鉴于此,文章在简要分析MPN计数法的基础上,指出在食品微生物检验中采用MPN计数法面临的挑战,并以大肠菌群为例,总结MPN计数法应用过程中对培养基质量的控制措施,以期为提高食品微生物检验质量提供可靠参考。

鸡马立克氏病火鸡疱疹病毒间接免疫荧光检测方法的建立与比较

为建立鸡马立克氏病火鸡疱疹病毒(MDV HVT)的间接免疫荧光方法,将MDV HVT病毒接种96孔细胞板培养(CEF),72 h后用鸡抗马立克氏病病毒阳性血清作为一抗和兔抗鸡荧光抗体作为二抗,对反应条件进行优化,建立了间接免疫荧光方法(IFA)。并与经典的马立克蚀斑计数方法进行病毒滴度的测定比较,运用统计学方法分析,P小于0.05,相关系数为0.995,说明两种方法相关性很好,两种方法均可用于马立克氏病病毒的滴度测定。IFA方法较蚀斑计数方法操作简便快捷,可代替蚀斑计数方法用于马立克氏病活疫苗的病毒含量的初步测定,同时为2025年版《中国兽药典》马立克氏病活疫苗增加IFA鉴别检验方法积累实验数据。

一种改进的行人航迹推算算法研究

针对行人在室内定位不准确的问题,提出一种改进的行人航迹推算算法。在步数检测阶段,提出一种基于运动分割的三阈值峰值检测法,实现了行人在不同运动状态下步数的精准检测。通过使用改进的Weinberg模型实现步长估算。并提出一种基于主方向假设的航向角修正算法,实现行人的航向角修正。最后综合步数、步长和航向角信息实现室内行人的航迹推算。实验结果表明,改进的行人航迹推算算法在室内有较好的稳定性,在室内的平均定位误差<5%,较传统PDR算法在平均定位误差上降低了9.53%,提高了行人在室内定位的精度。

基于改进YOLOv8的轻量化钢筋端面检测算法研究

【目的】解决端面密集、直径尺度不统一、端面边界粘连、端面与背景融合以及端面之间存在遮挡等问题下的钢筋精确计数。【方法】提出了一种改进的轻量化YOLOv8模型框架,引入了空间和通道重建卷积模块(SCConv)和针对小目标检测的归一化Wasserstein距离(NWD)损失函数。【结果】消融试验的结果表明,SCConv模块可以在大幅减少网络参数的情况下保持网络性能,而NWD损失函数可以有效提高钢筋端面检测模型的精度,为高精度、轻量化的钢筋计数问题提供有效的解决方案。

微量稀释联合平板计数法评价聚维酮碘抗菌活性及其影响因素

[目的]建立一种评价聚维酮碘抗菌效果的科学方法,并研究影响其抗菌能力的因素,为聚维酮碘防控水产细菌病提供参考。[方法]采用微量稀释联合平板计数法(包括标测法和模测法)测定了不同厂商和批次聚维酮碘的最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度,并评估了孵育温度、细菌浓度、培养基浓度、pH、货架期对聚维酮碘最小抑菌浓度的影响。[结果]标测法测得的聚维酮碘对4株渔源多重耐药菌的MIC(213~17g/m^(3))和MBC(216~19g/m^(3))是临床使用浓度的数万倍。模测法测得的聚维酮碘对MH可培养水生菌的MIC(27~11g/m^(3))和MBC(29~12g/m^(3))是临床使用浓度的数百到数千倍。试验体系的温度(5℃到35℃)越高、细菌浓度(103到108cfu/mL)越大、培养基浓度(0.082~21 g/L,MH)越大、pH(5.5到9.5)越高,聚维酮碘对细菌的MIC越大。聚维酮碘固态原粉货架期为18个月,而聚维酮碘溶液货架期约3个月。[结论]聚维酮碘对渔源致病菌和水生MH可培养菌的MIC远远高于临床使用浓度;水温、pH、培养基浓度、细菌浓度都影响抗菌活性;聚维酮碘固体稳定性远高于其水溶液。

分光光度法与活菌计数法测定副鸡禽杆菌菌液浓度的相关性研究

为建立一种快速测定副鸡禽杆菌菌液浓度的方法,本研究选取副鸡禽杆菌血清A、B和C型代表性菌株(CVCC254株、CVCC257株和CVCC256株),培养制备菌液,分别在450、540、600、650 nm波长测定其吸光度值(OD值),同时测定活菌计数值。回归分析两组数据,获取回归方程及标准曲线,分析回归方程的测定系数(R^(2))和标准曲线的点线离散度,确定最适测定波长。再选取不同培养时间点(10、12、14、16、18、20 h)的菌液,在最适波长下测定其OD值并代入回归方程获取活菌数,同时采用活菌计数法获取活菌计数值,将两组数据使用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析,进一步验证分光光度法与活菌计数法测定菌液浓度的相关性。结果显示,3株菌液在600 nm波长测定的OD值与活菌计数值之间均呈最佳的线性关系,确定其菌液浓度最适测定波长均为600 nm,其回归方程分别为y=14.302x-0.1441(R^(2)=0.9962)、y=14.464x-0.2746(R^(2)=0.995)和y=14.681x-0.01326(R^(2)=0.9989),y为活菌计数值(×10^(8)CFU/mL),x为OD600值。3株培养至衰退期前的菌液在600 nm波长测定的OD值代入回归方程计算获得的活菌数值与其活菌计数值无显著差异(P>0.05)。研究结果表明,衰退期前副鸡禽杆菌菌液的分光光度法与活菌计数法具有良好的相关性。因此,该分光光度法可用于快速测定衰退期前副鸡禽杆菌菌液浓度。

车用功率模块热疲劳应力的高精度在线提取方法与实证

随着车用功率模块的功率密度和电压等级不断提高,热可靠性问题日益突显。其中,温度应力是功率模块老化的主要因素之一。为了评估车用功率模块的热疲劳,需要获取完整的载荷历程,并采用应力循环计数方法进行损伤统计,但该方法难以在电动汽车驾驶过程中实时评估损伤信息,预测性维护存在滞后性。文中基于标准离线雨流计数法进行改进,针对不同材料以及所处不同寿命阶段,设计可变的滤波窗宽对实时结温历程进行筛选和除噪;通过基于“三点双变程”法改进的实时雨流计数算法对有效结温极值点进行高效实时处理,即可实时得到温度应力全循环与半循环数据;通过离散标准化程序对原始热应力计数结果进行聚类存储,满足边缘计算的需要,实现低成本应力循环统计;最后,基于乘用车测试该在线算法在电动汽车实际驾驶路谱下的可行性。实验结果表明,与标准离线计数法相比,累积损伤度误差小于1%。进一步地,讨论温度采样周期对应力计数和损伤计算的影响,表明温度采样周期为500 ms可以兼顾算力与精度,支撑电动汽车的实时可靠性评估。

Time-to-Count方法扩展GM计数管量程的实验研究

GM计数管是一种应用广泛的核辐射探测器,但其线性量程范围较窄。本文分析了采用死时间模型和函数拟合修正方法扩展量程存在的不足,介绍了Time-to-Count方法的工作原理,给出了基于该方法的试验装置设计方案,对实现Time-to-Count方法的脉控高压驱动、时间间隔测量等进行了讨论。在国防科技工业电离辐射一级计量站的校准试验数据表明,试验装置采用单支G1220计数管,量程可扩展至5个数量级,全量程范围线性优于10%。