Effects of initial electronic state on vortex patterns in counter-rotating circularly polarized attosecond pulses

We theoretically investigate the effects of different electronic states as the initial state on the vortex patterns in photoelectron momentum distributions(PMDs)from numerical solutions of the two-dimensional(2D)time-dependent Schrodinger equation(TDSE)of He^(+)with a pair of counter-rotating circularly polarized attosecond pulses.It is found that the number of spiral arms in vortex patterns is equal to the number of the absorbed photons when the initial state is the ground state.However,the number of spiral arms in vortex patterns is always two more than the number of the absorbed photons when the initial state is the excited state.This sensitivity is attributed to the initial electron density distribution.In addition,we have demonstrated the PMDs for different initial electronic states with the same wavelengths and analyzed their corresponding physical mechanisms.It is illustrated that the method presented can be employed to effectively control the distribution of the electron vortices.

Low-Frequency Vortex Pair over the Tropical Eastern Indian Ocean and the South China Sea Summer Monsoon Onset

In this paper,the relationship between a pair of low-frequency vortexes over the equatorial Indian Ocean and the South China Sea(SCS) summer monsoon onset is studied based on a multi-year(1980-2003) analysis.A pair of vortexes symmetric about the equator is an important feature prior to the SCS summer monsoon onset.A composite analysis shows that the life cycle of the pair of vortexes is closely associated with the SCS summer monsoon onset.The westerly between the twin cyclones is an important factor to the SCS summer monsoon onset process.

Tight Focusing Properties of Azimuthally Polarized Pair of Vortex Beams through a Dielectric Interface

Tight focusing properties of an azimuthally polarized Gaussian beam with a pair of vortices through a dielectric interface is theoretically investigated by vector diffraction theory. For the incident beam with a pair of vortices of opposite topological charges, the vortices move toward each other, annihilate and revive in the vicinity of focal plane, which results in the generation of many novel focal patterns. The usable focal structures generated through the tight focusing of the double-vortex beams may find applications in micro-particle trapping, manipulation, and material processing, etc.

Dynamics of vortex–antivortex pair in a superconducting thin strip with narrow slits

In the framework of phenomenological time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau（TDGL） formalism,the dynamical properties of vortex-antivortex（V-Av） pair in a superconductor film with a narrow slit was studied.The slit position and length can have a great impact not only on the vortex dynamical behavior but also the current-voltage（Ⅰ-Ⅴ） characteristics of the sample.Kinematic vortex lines can be predominated by the location of the slit.In the range of relatively low applied currents for a constant weak magnetic field,kinematic vortex line appears at right or left side of the slit by turns periodically.We found such single-side kinematic vortex line cannot lead to a jump in the Ⅰ-Ⅴ curve.At higher applied currents the phase-slip lines can be observed at left and right sides of the slit simultaneously.The competition between the vortex created at the lateral edge of the sample and the V-Av pair in the slit will result in three distinctly different scenarios of vortex dynamics depending on slit length：the lateral vortex penetrates the sample to annihilate the antivortex in the slit;the V-Av pair in the slit are driven off and expelled laterally;both the lateral vortex and the slit antivortex are depinned and driven together to annihilation in the halfway.

ON THE FORMATION OF VORTEX RINGS AND PAIRS

The axisymmetric vortex sheet model developed by Nitsche and Krasny had been extended to study the formation of vortex rings (pairs) at the edge of circular (2D) tube and opening. Computations based on this model were in good agreement with the experiments (Didden (1979) for circular tube and Auerbach (1987) for 2D tube and opening). Using this new model, evidences are provided to show that the main failure of the similarity theory (the false prediction of axial trajectory of vortex ring) is due to its ignorance of the self-induced ring velocity (mutual induction for vortex pair). The Glezer (1988)'s summary on the influence of piston speed upon the shedding circulation was also discussed, and finally the variation of core distribution of vortex ring with turning angle and piston speed was given. (Edited author abstract) 22 Refs.

斜激波与内凹半圆柱面无粘相互作用

针对三维内转式进气道流动中激波入射内凹壁面主导的复杂波系干扰问题,采用斜激波入射内凹半圆柱面的简化构型,在来流马赫数为6的条件下,通过无粘数值模拟结合理论分析,研究了激波角β_(i)=14°~29°的斜激波在内凹半圆柱面反射形成的三维流场。结果表明,流场对称面均会出现显著高于二维情况的逆压梯度。当β_(i)≤25°时,从侧壁到对称面,斜激波经历了从马赫反射(MR)到规则反射(RR)的转变,形成了MR-RR型流场,转变点处产生的桥激波向对称面延伸,桥激波在对称面反射后产生的压力峰值高于二维斜激波反射;当β_(i)≥25°时,斜激波在侧壁和对称面均发生马赫反射,形成了MR-MR型流场,两种马赫反射分界点处产生的桥激波向侧壁发展,侧壁气流在对称面相撞后产生的压力峰值高于正激波后的压力;当β_(i)=25°时,流场存在MR-RR型和MR-MR型双解现象。通过降维分析理论,揭示了两类流场中转变点和分界点的形成机制,并厘清了桥激波的产生原因和初期演化特征。当β_(i)≥18°时,无粘激波干扰所主导的侧壁气流加剧向对称面汇聚,并在对称面附近产生流向涡对。无粘分析获得的认识,有助于揭示内转式进气道中流动汇聚和流向涡对等现象的形成机理。

Tomographic particle image velocimetry measurement on three-dimensional swirling flow in dual-stage counter-rotating swirler

Three-Dimensional(3D)swirling flow structures,generated by a counter-rotating dualstage swirler in a confined chamber with a confinement ratio of 1.53,were experimentally investigated at Re=2.3×10^(5)using Tomographic Particle Image Velocimetry(Tomo-PIV)and planar Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV).Based on the analysis of the 3D time-averaged swirling flow structures and 3D Proper Orthogonal Decomposition(POD)of the Tomo-PIV data,typical coherent flow structures,including the Corner Recirculation Zone(CRZ),Central Recirculation Zone(CTRZ),and Lip Recirculation Zone(LRZ),were extracted.The counter-rotating dual-stage swirler with a Venturi flare generates the independence process of vortex breakdown from the main stage and pilot stage,leading to the formation of an LRZ and a smaller CTRZ near the nozzle outlet.The confinement squeezes the CRZ to the corner and causes a reverse rotation flow to limit the shape of the CTRZ.A large-scale flow structure caused by the main stage features an explosive breakup,flapping,and Precessing Vortex Core(PVC).The explosive breakup mode dominates the swirling flow structures owing to the expansion and construction of the main jet,whereas the flapping mode is related to the wake perturbation.Confinement limits the expansion of PVC and causes it to contract after the impacting area.

圆角凹坑气膜孔的气膜冷却流动特性研究

为了挖掘凹坑气膜孔的气膜冷却潜力,数值模拟研究了等截面凹坑孔、同心椭圆凹坑孔以及在这2种孔型基础上提出的2种圆角凹坑气膜孔的气膜冷却特性,对4种凹坑气膜孔在吹风比为0.5、1.0和1.5时的冷却效率曲线进行分析。结果表明:凹坑气膜孔与带圆角凹坑气膜孔的凹坑展向宽度增加,有利于冷却气膜的展向覆盖;在3个吹风比条件下,凹坑气膜孔进行圆角处理之后,附壁效应强化了冷却射流贴附壁面的能力,近孔区域的气膜冷却效率明显提高;随着吹风比增加,对于等截面凹坑孔,圆角处理之后的面平均气膜冷却效率分别提高了76%、139%、155%;圆角同心椭圆凹坑孔相比同心椭圆凹坑孔,面平均气膜冷却效率分别提升18%、27%、29%。

Vortex structure simulation for supersonic mixing layers using nonlinear PSE method

The method of nonlinear parabolized stability equations（PSE） is applied in the simulation of vortex structures in compressible mixing layer.The spatially-evolving unstable waves,which dominate the vortex structure,are investigated through spatial marching method.The instantaneous flow field is obtained by adding the harmonic waves to basic flow.The results show that T-S waves do not keep growing exponentially as the linear evolution,the energy transfer to high order harmonic modes,and that finally all harmonic modes get saturated due to nonlinear interaction.The mean flow distortion induced by the nonlinear interaction between the harmonic modes and their conjugate harmonic ones,makes great change of the average flow and increases the thickness of mixing layer. PSE methods can well capture the two- and three-dimensional large scale nonlinear vortex structures in mixing layers such as vortex roll-up,vortex pairing,and A vortex.

超声速横向射流三维流场结构特征

为了研究超声速燃烧室内燃料与空气快速掺混过程的流场特性,基于可压缩Navier-Stokes方程,采用大涡模拟方法和高精度WENO-TCD混合格式对来流马赫数为2.68,喷压比为36的超声速横向射流流场结构进行数值研究。数值结果清晰描述了超声速主流与横向射流相互作用过程的流场结构特征,得到了三维激波形态的演变规律以及它们在强化混合过程中的作用。另外,因桶形激波背风面低压区处的斜压效应,射流气体在桶形激波背风面形成一对螺旋向上的反向涡对,反向涡对的卷吸作用诱导进入壁面边界层的主流向上运动,形成冲击射流。冲击射流以v=557m/s的法向速度向上冲击桶形激波背风面,因而在桶形激波背风面留下类三角锥面凹痕。

Planar laser scattering visualization of streamwise vortex pairs in a Mach 6 flow

A series of cross-sectional flow fields of Counterrotating Vortex Pairs(CVPs) generated by a large-scale ramp vortex generator is observed using an ice-cluster-based Planar Laser Scattering(PLS) method in a shock tunnel with a nominal flow Mach number of 6. Combined with a numerical simulation, two streamwise CVPs with opposite rotating directions are identified in the wake flow of the vortex generator with an absence of a boundary layer, namely, a Primary CVP(PCVP) and a Secondary CVP(SCVP). The wake flow is divided into two stages with different features of the PCVP and SCVP. In Stage Ⅰ, the PCVP and SCVP gradually mature, and the flow is relatively stable. In Stage Ⅱ, the PCVP and SCVP depart from each other, and the flow becomes unstable. The profiles of the transverse velocity in the spanwise symmetry plane induced by the PCVP and SCVP do not obey the scaling law of CVPs immersed in the boundary layer. A new scaling law is proposed, in which the transverse distances between adjacent saddle points in the cross-sectional flow field are used as the characteristic lengths for the PCVP and SCVP. After this new scaling procedure, the profiles of transverse velocity induced by the PCVP and SCVP at different streamwise locations collapse well. Moreover, the PLS images show that the mixing between the CVPs and the outside high-momentum flow becomes evident at approximately 5.5 times the height of the vortex generator, which is earlier than that immersed in the boundary layer. These findings enrich the knowledge of CVPs in the hypersonic regime, especially in the absence of the boundary layer.

斜激波入射内凹半圆柱面湍流边界层数值模拟

针对三维内转式进气道中的激波/边界层干扰问题,提出了斜激波入射内凹半圆柱面的简化模型,在来流马赫数为6的条件下,采用数值模拟研究了气流偏转角θ=6°~14°的斜激波与内凹半圆柱面边界层的相互作用。结果表明,从上游至下游,斜激波与内凹半圆柱面干扰产生了以扫掠、入射及反射为主要特征的流动结构。斜激波扫掠内凹半圆柱面边界层诱发流动分离,分离激波与入射激波的干扰类型均从马赫反射转变为规则反射,不满足经典扫掠流场的准锥形特征。扫掠过程中产生的不断增厚的低能流向对称面汇聚,并进入由斜激波入射产生的分离区内,使得分离区长度增加。随着θ的增大,分离区的流谱呈现不同的形态,当θ≥10°时,低能流在对称面撞击后形成流向涡对,当θ=14°时,流谱中的旋风涡消失。当入射激波反射后,低能流集中在对称面处,其高度沿流向持续增加。随着θ的增大,内凹半圆柱面出口截面的总压恢复系数减小,而低能流区的总压恢复系数略有增大。

南海夏季风爆发的环流特征及指标研究

使用美国NCEP/NCAR高度场和风场资料及外逸长波辐射（OLR）资料,分析了4～7月南亚和东亚上空环流场,给出了南海夏季风爆发的定义及1953～1999年季风爆发的时间序列,指出季风爆发存在3种类型的环流场,发现东印度洋赤道两侧涡旋对的出现对季风爆发有很好的指示意义。综合季风爆发过程中热力学和动力学要素的特征,建立了适合南海夏季风爆发的指数计算经验公式。

合成射流作用机理及其对共轴射流掺混的影响

对合成射流流场及其作用下的内、外涵共轴射流流场进行了二维非定常数值模拟,研究了合成射流流场和共轴射流流场情况.结果表明,合成射流由一系列对称分布在中心线2侧的旋涡对组成,频率与激振频率相同,对外场构成一扰动力;涡对自形成后向远处运移速基本稳定;腔内和腔外涡对的形成及发展变化过程总体保持一致,在每时刻则呈现截然相反的发展态势;中心线速度的降幅起伏变化分布是由激励器的激振变化引起的,体现了涡量产生、发展变化的基本特征;合成射流激励器的采用可使共轴射流截面掺混率比未加激励时得到增加,增强了共轴射流的掺混效果.

超声速平面混合层小激波的形成与演变

为了揭示超声速混合层中小激波形成机理及其与涡相互作用的演变过程,本文基于大涡模拟(LES)方法,结合五阶精度混合TCD/WENO格式,对超声速平面混合层在对流马赫数为Mc=0.65条件下的流场结构进行了数值模拟,数值结果详细描述了超声速混合层中小激波的形成过程。研究了小激波形成后,随涡运动而产生的变形、脱落及发展过程。同时,对混合层双涡合并过程中,小激波与相邻涡相互作用所产生的变形与演变过程进行了讨论。

利用W型槽提高气膜冷却效率机理

为了探讨圆柱孔出口开有W型槽结构的气膜冷却机理,数值模拟研究了W型槽与横向槽下游流场、温度场及气膜冷却效率。分析了W型槽深度对气膜冷却效率的影响。结果表明：相比于横向槽,W型槽结构展向平均气膜冷却效率提高70%~130%。随着W型槽深度增加,气膜孔出口下游的对漩涡减弱,两侧的附加漩涡增强,最终形成一对反向对漩涡。小吹风比0.5时,三种W型槽深结构的展向平均气膜冷却效率差别小于8%;大吹风比1.5时,槽深0.5D（D为气膜孔孔径）结构展向平均气膜冷却效率高于槽深0.25D结构的展向平均气膜冷却效率75%~150%。槽深0.5D和0.75D结构的展向平均气膜冷却效率基本相同,差别小于3%。

涡方法分析并列圆柱的旋涡脱落现象

利用快速离散涡方法及流场可视化技术分析二维粘性不可压缩均匀流中并列圆柱体的旋涡脱落现象,识别作用在圆柱上的气动力及旋涡脱落频率。使用边界元方法及引入一个新颍的涡量边界条件计算表面涡量,利用系数影响矩阵技术获得无网格方法,采用自适应快速多极子算法快速计算涡元速度。数值算例再现了不同间距并列圆柱体的同步同相旋涡脱落、同步反相旋涡脱落、尾流的不对称性及间隙流的半稳定性等现象,数值结果与早期实验结果吻合得很好。

低热值气体发动机涡团与火焰面相互作用

基于大涡模拟方法对一台燃用低热值气体燃料的发动机缸内湍流涡团与火焰相互作用过程开展了模拟,分析了缸内急燃期火焰传播过程中火焰前锋面上湍流涡核的分布特征,研究湍流涡团与火焰面的相互作用机理,并研究了涡对结构对火焰面传播的影响.结果表明:急燃期燃烧过程中,缸内背景湍流和火焰面相互作用,促使高强度涡核分布在火焰前锋面上,而涡核增大火焰面褶皱程度,火焰面面积增加,有助于更多高强度火核的产生;未燃区涡对的两个涡团相互逆向旋转导致火焰面受到局部的卷吸或者拉伸等作用,是火焰面出现明显皱褶的主要原因.

低对流马赫数平面混合层的声波产生机理

为了详细揭示低对流马赫数下平面混合层的声波产生机理,基于高精度混合格式,对空间发展的平面混合层的流场结构及其声场特性进行了直接模拟。数值结果描述了对流马赫数为0.4时混合层失稳产生的涡串以及涡发展过程中所存在的各种声源,其中包括常规的单涡四极子声源、双涡以及多涡合并过程产生的四极子声源,另外,还发现因K-H不稳定引起混合层振动而产生的偶极子声源,声波以平面波的形式向周围传播。

一种平面埋入式进气道的地面工作特性及流态特征

对一种平面埋入式进气道的地面工作特性进行了实验研究,结合数值仿真技术,分析了地面工作状态下该类进气道的流态特征,并探讨了其出口总压图谱的形成成因.结果表明:(1)虽然进气道出口截面的二次流较弱,但通道内却存在强的以对涡为特征的旋流,该对涡因埋入式进气道进口侧棱的存在而产生,与后唇口前缘的气流分离共同导致了进气道出口截面的大面积低总压区;(2)地面工作状态下,埋入式进气道的总压恢复系数随出口马赫数的上升而下降,周向畸变指数、紊流度和综合畸变指数则随着出口马赫数的增加而增加.在相同的出口马赫数下,地面工作状态的总压恢复系数高于飞行状态,各种畸变指数也明显偏高.但当发动机的进口工作马赫数为0.35左右时,进气道出口截面的综合畸变指数W小于10.0%,满足常规发动机的稳定工作要求;(3)计算和实验结果对比表明,所得到的进气道出口总压恢复系数相对误差在1.2%以内,但畸变指数整体偏大.