AIM: To determine the role of Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) in the immune escape of colon cancer cells.METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression of Fas and FasL in the tissues of colon cancer patients. ...AIM: To determine the role of Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) in the immune escape of colon cancer cells.METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression of Fas and FasL in the tissues of colon cancer patients. In situ hybridization was used to detect the localization of FasL mRNA expression in cancer tissues.Terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and CD45 staining were performed to detect the apoptosis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Co-culture assays of colon cancer cells (SW480) and Jurkat cells (Fas-sensitive cells) were performed to observe the counterattack of colon cancer cells to lymphocytes.RESULTS: Of 53 cases of colon carcinomas, 23 cases(43.4%) expressed Fas which was significantly lower as compared to the normal colonic mucosa (73.3%, P＜0.01),and 45 cases (84.9%) of colon carcinomas expressed FasL, whereas only two cases (3.75%) in normal mucosa expressed FasL. FasL expression in the colon cancer cells was found to be associated with increased cell death of TILs. The apoptotic rate of TIL in the FasL-positive staining regions of tumor cells was significantly higher than that in the FasL-negative staining region (54.84±2.79% vs25.73±1.98%, P＜0.01). The co-culture of SW480 cells and Jurkat cells confirmed the function of FasL on the SW480 cells. The apoptotic rates of Jurkat cells were found to be related with the amount of SW480 cells.CONCLUSION: Colon cancer cells can escape the immune surveillance and killing via decreasing Fas expression, and can counterattack the immune system via increasing FasL expression. Fas/FasL can serve as potential targets for effective antitumor therapy.展开更多
Motion Camouflage (MC) is illuminated as a novel strategy in counterattacking anti-satellite by way of stealth trajectory scheduling. The dynamics model of MC in space is developed and a quadratic function with three ...Motion Camouflage (MC) is illuminated as a novel strategy in counterattacking anti-satellite by way of stealth trajectory scheduling. The dynamics model of MC in space is developed and a quadratic function with three boundary constraints is employed for trajectory determination. Based on the model a scenario is set to run the simulation. The results indicate given the designed acceleration input, the predator will be moved following a prescribed route, which precisely locates the predator between two objects at each time instant. In the last approaching phase, the motion is achieved with a big bumping rate which guarantees the power of this striking. Methods for deriving minimum fuel cost in the fixed approaching duration and the minimum approaching duration in limited acceleration input are proposed and are verified in the simulation. At last, camouflage is recognized as a multi-faceted affair, in which stealth trajectory design is considered an effective technique in stealth cooperation.展开更多
地电位反击造成设备的损坏和人员生命安全是非常值得关注的问题。基于人工触发闪电,布置了共用地网的试验模型,通过引流杆注入真实雷电流,测量了共用接地情况下接地体的地电位升高电压,并对比分析了闪电回击和M分量放电过程引起地电位...地电位反击造成设备的损坏和人员生命安全是非常值得关注的问题。基于人工触发闪电,布置了共用地网的试验模型,通过引流杆注入真实雷电流,测量了共用接地情况下接地体的地电位升高电压,并对比分析了闪电回击和M分量放电过程引起地电位升高电压的波形特征。结果表明：获得触发闪电（T201514）7次回击和16次M分量上升沿10%～90%时间分别为0.4μs和279.7μs,半峰宽度的平均值分别为14.8μs和434.7μs。地电位升高电压波形的上升陡度和半峰宽度相对于回击都更大,将电压波形上升陡度和半峰宽度分别与电流波形的参数相比得到比值为14.0和2.7。M分量电压和电流波形相似,电压波形和电流波形对应参数的比值分别为0.8和1.1。触发闪电回击和M分量峰值的平均值分别为–19.1 k A和–1.3 k A,回击以及M分量的峰值和引起的地电位升高电压峰值有很好的线性拟合关系。将电压峰值和电流峰值相比得到等效接地电阻,雷电流的等效接地电阻明显小于回击。展开更多
文摘AIM: To determine the role of Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) in the immune escape of colon cancer cells.METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression of Fas and FasL in the tissues of colon cancer patients. In situ hybridization was used to detect the localization of FasL mRNA expression in cancer tissues.Terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and CD45 staining were performed to detect the apoptosis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Co-culture assays of colon cancer cells (SW480) and Jurkat cells (Fas-sensitive cells) were performed to observe the counterattack of colon cancer cells to lymphocytes.RESULTS: Of 53 cases of colon carcinomas, 23 cases(43.4%) expressed Fas which was significantly lower as compared to the normal colonic mucosa (73.3%, P＜0.01),and 45 cases (84.9%) of colon carcinomas expressed FasL, whereas only two cases (3.75%) in normal mucosa expressed FasL. FasL expression in the colon cancer cells was found to be associated with increased cell death of TILs. The apoptotic rate of TIL in the FasL-positive staining regions of tumor cells was significantly higher than that in the FasL-negative staining region (54.84±2.79% vs25.73±1.98%, P＜0.01). The co-culture of SW480 cells and Jurkat cells confirmed the function of FasL on the SW480 cells. The apoptotic rates of Jurkat cells were found to be related with the amount of SW480 cells.CONCLUSION: Colon cancer cells can escape the immune surveillance and killing via decreasing Fas expression, and can counterattack the immune system via increasing FasL expression. Fas/FasL can serve as potential targets for effective antitumor therapy.
文摘Motion Camouflage (MC) is illuminated as a novel strategy in counterattacking anti-satellite by way of stealth trajectory scheduling. The dynamics model of MC in space is developed and a quadratic function with three boundary constraints is employed for trajectory determination. Based on the model a scenario is set to run the simulation. The results indicate given the designed acceleration input, the predator will be moved following a prescribed route, which precisely locates the predator between two objects at each time instant. In the last approaching phase, the motion is achieved with a big bumping rate which guarantees the power of this striking. Methods for deriving minimum fuel cost in the fixed approaching duration and the minimum approaching duration in limited acceleration input are proposed and are verified in the simulation. At last, camouflage is recognized as a multi-faceted affair, in which stealth trajectory design is considered an effective technique in stealth cooperation.
文摘地电位反击造成设备的损坏和人员生命安全是非常值得关注的问题。基于人工触发闪电,布置了共用地网的试验模型,通过引流杆注入真实雷电流,测量了共用接地情况下接地体的地电位升高电压,并对比分析了闪电回击和M分量放电过程引起地电位升高电压的波形特征。结果表明：获得触发闪电（T201514）7次回击和16次M分量上升沿10%～90%时间分别为0.4μs和279.7μs,半峰宽度的平均值分别为14.8μs和434.7μs。地电位升高电压波形的上升陡度和半峰宽度相对于回击都更大,将电压波形上升陡度和半峰宽度分别与电流波形的参数相比得到比值为14.0和2.7。M分量电压和电流波形相似,电压波形和电流波形对应参数的比值分别为0.8和1.1。触发闪电回击和M分量峰值的平均值分别为–19.1 k A和–1.3 k A,回击以及M分量的峰值和引起的地电位升高电压峰值有很好的线性拟合关系。将电压峰值和电流峰值相比得到等效接地电阻,雷电流的等效接地电阻明显小于回击。
