Application of Mixed Differential Quadrature Method for Solving the Coupled Two-Dimensional Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equation and Heat Equation

The traditional differential quadrature method was improved by using theupwind difference scheme for the convective terms to solve the coupled two-dimensionalincompressible Navier-stokes equations and heat equation. The new method was compared with theconventional differential quadrature method in the aspects of convergence and accuracy. The resultsshow that the new method is more accurate, and has better convergence than the conventionaldifferential quadrature method for numerically computing the steady-state solution.

Differences Between Children’s First Language Acquisition and Adults’Second Language Acquisition

There is an apparent contrast between children’s first language acquisition and adults’second language acquisition,which are mainly manifested in the following three aspects:age difference,difference in learning process and motivation difference.This paper will analyze these three differences in detail,and combine the analysis results to guide second language pedagogical implications according to the current situation.

纵横波时差耦合作用的斜坡崩滑效应离散元分析——以北川唐家山滑坡为例

运用离散元数值模拟技术,对北川唐家山斜坡体在具地域性和空间非均质性的地震纵横波时差耦合作用(同时考虑水平和竖向地震力作用)下产生崩滑破坏的动力全过程进行研究,确定该斜坡体在强震动力作用下产生崩滑破坏的形成机制及主控因素。研究表明:(1)该斜坡体的初期崩滑破坏是受到地震纵波产生的水平与竖向拉裂耦合作用所致,并以竖向拉裂作用占优,而后期的抛射及运动过程则是受到地震纵横波的耦合作用所致;(2)地震纵波产生的水平与竖向拉裂耦合作用是触发斜坡体产生初期崩滑破坏的主控因素,而斜坡所处地形(如高程差、沟谷延伸方向)则是促使破坏后的斜坡体形成后续碰撞解体及碎屑流等运动过程的控制诱发因素;(3)该斜坡体动力响应特征值的放大效应表明,其放大系数值从大到小依次是:竖向加速度>水平加速度>竖向速度>水平速度,该结果与斜坡体发生先期崩滑破坏的形成机制及主控因素相符合,即地震纵波产生的竖向加速度起到了优势破坏作用。以上结论对研究动力耦合条件下的斜坡崩滑效应具有较高的理论和现实价值。

A new viewpoint on the causes of formation of the Great Ice Age

THERE have been seven Great Ice Age (GIA) events during the Earth’s evolutionary history of4.6 Ga. Li Siguang put forward an explanation about the causes of their formation andref. [3] summarized various theories concerned. A commonly accepted point is that the even-tual formation of GIA is due to lesser solar radiation absorbed by the Earth. But no one can ex-plain the fact that no GIA had ever appeared from 2.2 to 1.0 Ga B. P. A new viewpoint

纵横波时差耦合作用下地铁车站地震响应分析

以北京实测地震波作为输入,运用二维显示有限差分程序对北京地区常见的3层3跨矩形断面结构地铁车站进行了动力模拟分析,探讨了纵横波时差耦合作用下车站结构加速度、位移放大效应及动应力变化规律。计算结果表明地震纵横波时差耦合作用导致浅埋地铁车站结构受力变形过程为:首先纵波作用使得结构产生较大的竖向加速度,导致结构产生一定的正应力;继而纵横波时差耦合作用使得结构产生较大的水平加速度,此时结构内力达到最大,容易使得结构产生较大的拉应力;最终随着地震动力作用逐渐减小至消失,结构内力减小,恢复稳定。在地震动力作用下,地铁车站侧墙、中柱等结构的加速度自下而上均发生放大效应,且竖向加速度的放大程度远高于水平加速度。因地震纵波产生较大的竖向加速度,并且具有较强的放大效应,需重视距离震源较近地区的地下结构竖向抗震性能;而纵横波时差耦合作用下,结构的内力往往能达到最大值,是地下结构发生破坏的主控因素。