Coupling Effect of Water and Phosphate on Economic Traits of Sugarcane

[Objective] The aim was to study the coupling effect of water and phosphate on economic traits of sugarcane. [Method] Taking sugarcane variety ROC22 as tested material,coupling effects of different levels of water supply quantity and different levels of phosphorus fertilizer on the yield and quality of sugarcane were studied. Among them,water supply quantity had 3 levels,that was,the water supply quantity per 10 days from the early tillering stage of sugarcane to the end of elongation was 199.5 m3/hm2 (A1),400.5 m3/hm2 (A2) and 600.0 m3/hm2 (A3),respectively; Phosphorus fertilizer as basic fertilizer had 4 levels:P2O5 0 kg/hm2 (B1),120 kg/hm2 (B2),240 kg/hm2 (B3) and 360 kg/hm2 (B4). [Result] Treatment A3B2 in water-fertilizer coupling was more suitable to improve economic traits of sugarcane. [Conclusion] The research results provide theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of water and phosphorus fertilizer in production of Guangxi sugarcane and the cultivation of high-yield and high-glucose sugarcane.

水磷一体化对磷素有效性与磷肥利用率的影响

水肥一体化是发挥水肥耦合效应提高养分效率的重要途径,然水磷一体化研究较少。本文在模拟滴灌条件下研究了液体磷肥和固体颗粒磷肥(TSP)及其不同施用方法对土壤磷移动性、各形态无机磷含量动态变化的影响,比较了玉米磷素营养与磷肥利用率对不同磷源及其施用方式的响应,旨在提出滴灌条件下磷肥高效利用的最优策略。研究结果表明:1)与TSP肥料分次施用相比,液体磷肥分次施用更能提高土壤磷素有效性,在各土层Ca2-P与树脂磷(resin-P)平均含量分别提高12.4%与21.6%,且可显著提高磷在土壤中的移动性(P<0.05),resin-P含量的垂直下降幅度降低56.5%;2)与TSP分次施用相比,液体磷肥分次施用的土壤中高活性无机磷含量(Ca2-P、resin-P及Na HCO3-P之和)占无机磷总量的比例提高21.0%,而低活性无机磷含量(Ca10-P与residue-P之和)占无机磷总量的比例则下降10.1%,说明液体磷肥分次施用可减小磷肥在土壤中的固定转化;3)玉米地上部干物质、叶片吸磷量和植株磷素累积吸收量均对不同磷源与施用方式有明显响应(P<0.05),液体磷肥分次处理的玉米生物量、吸磷量及肥料利用率分别比TSP肥料分次处理提高27.1%、34.6%及61.4%。水磷一体化施用可提高磷在土壤中的移动性和有效性,减少磷的固定转化,显著改善玉米磷素营养,并明显提高磷肥利用率。

水磷耦合对甘蔗经济性状的影响

[目的]研究不同供水量与施磷量对甘蔗经济性状的耦合效应。[方法]以广西甘蔗品种新台糖22号(ROC22)为材料,将供水量设置3个水平,即在甘蔗分蘖初期至伸长末期,每旬供水量分别为199.5(A1)、400.5(A2)和600.0 m3/hm2(A3);磷肥施用量设置4个水平,即作为基肥分别施用P2O50(B1)、120(B2)、240(B3)和360 kg/hm2(B4),研究不同供水水平与磷肥水平组合处理对甘蔗产量和品质性状的影响。[结果]处理A2B2的水磷配比为较适合提高甘蔗经济性状。[结论]该研究为广西甘蔗生产中水分和磷肥的高效利用及高产高糖甘蔗栽培提供了理论依据。