The effects of interfering in COX-2 gene expression on malignant proliferation of the human lung adenocarcinoma A2 cell in vitro

Objective:We explored the interfering effect of COX-2 gene expression and the influence on the malignant proliferation of A2 cells by RNAi after quenching COX-2 in vitro. Methods:COX-2 was selected as the subject. Three COX-2 siRNA expression vectors with human U6 promoter were constructed and three vectors and the vacant vector (pEGFP) were transfected into A2 cells with lipofectamine respectively. The cell strains transfected were constructed. The change of COX-2 expression levels was examined by Western blot and RT-PCR. The effects on the proliferation of A2 cells after silencing COX-2 were studied by cell growth curve and clonogenic assay in vitro. Results: The three siRNA and U6 promoter cloned into pEGFP plasmid were validated by PCR, restriction endonucleases identification, DNA sequencing and BLAST alignment. The cell strains transfected were named as A2-3, A2-7, A2-10 and A2-p respectively. Green fluorescence was seen in A2-p cells and not in A2-3, A2-7 and A2-10 cells in 24, 48 and 72 h after transfected. The results of RT-PCR and Western blot showed the three siRNA expression vectors produced effects and the expression of COX-2 was inhibited in different extent. In contrast to A2 cells, the levels of COX-2 mRNA of A2-3, A2-7 and A2-10 cells reduced 15.6%, 20.4% and 64.2% respectively; the levels of COX-2 protein of A2-3, A2-7 and A2-10 cells reduced 23.7%, 36.7% and 60.2% respectively. The results of cell growth curve and clonogenic assay showed the growth of A2-10 cell slowed and the colonial formation rate reduced but the growth of A2-3 and A2-7 cells had not obvious changes in contrast to the controls (A2 and A2-p). Conclusion: Silencing the COX-2 gene in vitro by RNAi technique can significantly inhibit the malignant proliferation of A2 cells.

次苷酸查尔酮对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞iNOS和COX-2表达的影响

补骨脂为豆科植物补骨脂(Psoraleacorylifolia L.)果实,具有温肾助阳、温脾止泻的功效[1],临床上被用于治疗皮肤病、肾炎、骨折等[2-3]。次苷酸查尔酮(corylifol A,CYA)是中药补骨脂的活性成分之一,是一种异黄酮类化合物,具有抗炎、抗菌、抗氧化、抗骨质疏松的特性[4-5]。有研究表明,CYA能明显抑制破骨细胞的分化,且能明显降低LPS诱导的巨噬细胞一氧化氮(NO)的生成[6-7]。

黑逍遥散调控p38MAPK/ATF2/COX-2信号通路对阿尔茨海默病大鼠神经炎症的影响

目的 观察黑逍遥散对Aβ_(1-42)所致阿尔茨海默病(AD)大鼠学习记忆能力的影响,并从p38MAPK/ATF2/COX-2信号通路介导的炎症级联反应探讨其作用机制。方法 双侧海马注射1μL Aβ_(1-42)溶液复刻AD大鼠模型。筛选造模成功的大鼠50只,随机分为模型组、盐酸多奈哌齐组(0.5 mg/kg)和黑逍遥散低、中、高剂量组(4.25、8.5、17 g/kg),连续给药42 d。Morris水迷宫实验检测定位航行与空间探索能力,HE染色观察海马神经元病理结构改变,ELISA法检测海马组织Aβ_(1-42)、iNOS、PGE_(2)表达,RT-qPCR法检测海马组织p38、ATF2、COX-2 mRNA表达,Western blot法检测海马组织p-p38、p-ATF2、COX-2蛋白表达。结果 与模型组比较,黑逍遥散中、高剂量组和盐酸多奈哌齐组逃避潜伏期缩短(P<0.01),有效区域运动距离、目标象限滞留时间百分比增加(P<0.01),海马CA1区神经元排列有序,胞体清晰,凋亡细胞减少,海马组织Aβ_(1-42)、iNOS、PGE_(2)水平降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),p38、COX-2 mRNA表达降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),p38、p-p38、p-ATF2、COX-2蛋白表达降低(P<0.01)。结论 黑逍遥散可改善Aβ_(1-42)所致AD大鼠的认知能力,其机制可能与阻断p38MAPK/ATF2/COX-2信号通路传导,进而减轻炎症反应有关。

COX-2在骨骼肌纤维化中的机制探究

目的:探究环氧化酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)在骨骼肌纤维化机制中的作用及其与Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的关系。方法:72只20周雄性C57小鼠,随机分为正常组、模型组、干预组。采用定点击打法造骨骼肌损伤模型。正常组不进行造模,模型组和干预组进行造模处理。造模成功后,正常组、模型组给予每日1 mL生理盐水灌胃处理,干预组给予每日COX-2特异性抑制剂塞来昔布灌胃处理,剂量为100 mg/kg溶于1 mL生理盐水中。每组根据取材时间又分为3 d、7 d、14 d、21 d四个亚组(n=6)。采用免疫组织化学染色方法检测各组骨骼肌组织切片中COX-2和β-catenin的表达情况。结果:正常组小鼠骨骼肌组织中COX-2和β-catenin呈少量表达。与正常组相比,模型组COX-2和β-catenin表达均明显增加(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,干预组COX-2和β-catenin表达明显减少(P<0.01)。结论:COX-2在骨骼肌纤维化中可能通过干预β-catenin的表达来产生影响。

基于COX-2/PGE2信号通路探讨温肾消癥汤减轻子宫内膜异位症小鼠疼痛的作用机制

[目的]基于环氧合酶-2/前列腺素E2(cyclooxyfenase-2/prostaglandin E2,COX-2/PGE2)信号通路,探讨温肾消癥汤对子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMS)模型小鼠疼痛的影响及其作用机制。[方法]采用腹腔注射法建立EMS小鼠模型40只作为造模组,并随机将造模组分为EMS模型组(0.2 mL无菌蒸馏水)、温肾消癥汤组(0.2 mL温肾消癥汤浓缩液)、阳性对照组(0.2 mL阿司匹林混悬液),其他10只小鼠设为假手术组。造模21 d中,以Von Frey纤维丝实验与热板实验检测造模组与假手术组小鼠机械疼痛与热敏疼痛阈值。给药的21 d中,以Von Frey纤维丝实验与热板实验检测EMS模型组、温肾消癥汤组、阳性对照组小鼠机械疼痛与热敏疼痛阈值。给药21 d后,每天阴道涂片确定小鼠动情周期。在同一动情周期处死小鼠,并留取血清,腹腔冲洗液(peritoneal fluid,PF),内膜组织(在位、异位),丘脑,脊髓,背根神经节(dorsal root ganglion,DRG)。以酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)测定各样本中COX-2、PGE2、瞬时电位受体V1(transient receptor potential vanilloid 1,TRPV1)、钠电压门控通道α亚基11(sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha,SCN11A)含量。[结果]与假手术组比较,造模后小鼠足部与腹部痛阈均降低(P<0.05)。与EMS模型组比较,温肾消癥汤组小鼠给药后足部痛阈、腹部痛阈均提高(P<0.05)。与EMS模型组比较,温肾消癥汤组小鼠血清,在位内膜,PF,神经系统(丘脑、脊髓、DRG)中COX-2、PGE2,中枢神经系统(丘脑、脊髓)中TRPV1和外周神经系统(DRG)中SCN11A含量均降低(P<0.05)。与阳性对照组比较,温肾消癥汤组小鼠给药后血清、异位病灶、脊髓中PGE2含量均降低(P<0.05)。[结论]温肾消癥汤能够缓解子宫内膜异位症模型小鼠疼痛,其机制可能与抑制COX-2/PGE2信号通路的过度表达有关。

沙利度胺对百草枯中毒大鼠肺纤维化及COX-2的影响

目的探究沙利度胺对于百草枯中毒大鼠肺纤维化以及COX-2的影响。方法选取60只雄性SD大鼠按照随机数字表法分为百草枯中毒模型组(PQ组)10只、沙利度胺干预组30只、正常对照组(NS组)10只、沙利度胺对照组10只。百草枯组腹腔注射百草枯溶液22mg/kg;沙利度胺对照组腹腔注射沙利度胺150mg/kg;沙利度胺干预组按照随机数字表法分为三组,每组10只,在注射百草枯溶液后1h,分别给予注射50、100、150mg/kg沙利度胺;正常对照组注射等体积注射生理盐水。染毒后7、14、21d分别处死实验大鼠,无菌操作取肺,光镜下观察肺组织病理变化;计算肺干湿比;大鼠肺组织氧化损伤指标MDA、SOD、GSH的比较;采用双抗体夹心ELISA法测定肺组织中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-a)、白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6水平;RT-PCR检测NF-kB p65mRNA表达量;免疫组化法检测肺组织中COX-2蛋白的表达。结果与正常对照组相比,百草枯中毒组肺干湿比质量显著高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);沙利度胺干预组150mg/kg与百草枯中毒21d都达到顶峰,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);与正常对照组相比,百草枯中毒组大鼠组织中的MDA的含量明显升高,SOD和GSH的含量明显降低(P<0.05);与百草枯中毒组对比沙利度胺干预组100、150mg/kg组大鼠肺组织中的MDA明显降低,SOD和GSH的含量明显升高;与正常对照组相比,百草枯中毒组大鼠中的TNF-a、IL-1β、IL-6的含量以及NF-kBP65mRNA表达量明显升高(P<0.05);与百草枯中毒组对比沙利度胺干预组100、150mg/kg组TNF-a、IL-1β、IL-6明显降低(P<0.05);沙利度胺干预组150mg/kg较百草枯中度组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);在第21天PQ组和沙利度胺干预组150mg/kgCOX-2分别达到最高值:PQ组(0.701±0.083),沙利度胺干预组150mg/kg组(0.416±0.096。结论沙利度胺能减轻百草枯诱导的急性肺损伤和肺水肿,COX-2的表达异常可能是其病理生理变化或发病机制之一。

Identification of hub genes associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus:A pilot bioinformatics study

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is related to various extragastric diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,the possible mechanisms connecting H.pylori infection and T2DM remain unknown.AIM To explore potential molecular connections between H.pylori infection and T2DM.METHODS We extracted gene expression arrays from three online datasets(GSE60427,GSE27411 and GSE115601).Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)commonly present in patients with H.pylori infection and T2DM were identified.Hub genes were validated using human gastric biopsy samples.Correlations between hub genes and immune cell infiltration,miRNAs,and transcription factors(TFs)were further analyzed.RESULTS A total of 67 DEGs were commonly presented in patients with H.pylori infection and T2DM.Five significantly upregulated hub genes,including TLR4,ITGAM,C5AR1,FCER1G,and FCGR2A,were finally identified,all of which are closely related to immune cell infiltration.The gene-miRNA analysis detected 13 miRNAs with at least two gene cross-links.TF-gene interaction networks showed that TLR4 was coregulated by 26 TFs,the largest number of TFs among the 5 hub genes.CONCLUSION We identified five hub genes that may have molecular connections between H.pylori infection and T2DM.This study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of H.pylori-induced onset of T2DM.

原发性喉癌血清COX-2 PTTG1 TLR4水平与临床病理特征及预后生存状况的关系探讨

目的:探究原发性喉癌血清环氧合酶-2(COX-2)、垂体瘤转化基因1(PTTG1)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)水平与临床病理特征及预后生存状况的关系。方法:选取2021年5月至2023年3月四川省达州市中心医院105例原发性喉癌患者、105例喉部良性病变患者分别作为观察组和对照组。比较两组血清COX-2、PTTG1、TLR4水平,多元线性回归分析血清COX-2、PTTG1、TLR4水平与临床病理特征的关系,随访3年,比较不同血清COX-2、PTTG1、TLR4水平患者预后生存率。结果:观察组COX-2、PTTG1、TLR4水平分别为(38.89±12.14)ng/L、(140.17±30.25)pg/mL、(13.94±3.25)ng/mL均高于对照组(17.63±5.09)ng/L、(98.49±15.63)pg/mL、(8.72±2.13)ng/mL(t=16.549、12.543、13.765,P均<0.05);多元线性回归分析显示,临床分期(偏回归系数:0.714、0.722、0.719)、肿瘤分化程度(偏回归系数:0.756、0.749、0.798)及淋巴结转移(偏回归系数:0.802、0.798、0.713)均为原发性喉癌患者血清COX-2、PTTG1、TLR4水平的影响因素(P<0.05);COX-2高水平亚组3年总生存率、总生存率分别为80.77%、71.15%,明显高于低水平亚组95.83%、87.50%(P<0.05);PTTG1高水平亚组3年总生存率、总生存率分别为80.39%、68.63%,明显高于低水平亚组95.92%、89.80%(P<0.05);TLR4高水平亚组3年总生存率、总生存率分别为78.85%、71.15%,明显高于低水平亚组97.92%、87.50%(P<0.05)。结论:原发性喉癌患者血清COX-2、PTTG1、TLR4水平均较高,且其高水平状态与临床分期、肿瘤分化程度及淋巴结转移有关,检测COX-2、PTTG1、TLR4水平可在一定程度上反映患者预后生存情况。

肉桂提取物调控COX-2的表达改善大鼠良性前列腺增生

目的研究肉桂乙醇提取物(Cinnamomum cassia Prsel ethanol extract,CE)对良性前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasa,BPH)的治疗作用及其可能的作用机制。方法分子对接初步推测CE中3种化合物对环氧合酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)和5-脂氧合酶(5-lipoxygenase,5-LOX)的结合能力。考察前列腺湿重(prostate weight,PW)、前列腺指数(prostate index,PI),并采用苏木精-伊红染色(hematoxylin-esion staining,HE)观察大鼠前列腺组织的形态变化;Western-blot和q-PCR检测大鼠前列腺组织中COX-2和5-LOX的蛋白、mRNA表达水平。结果分子对接结果表明,CE中3种主要活性单体化合物与COX-2及5-LOX蛋白模型均有较好的结合能;Western-blot和q-PCR结果显示,CE能同时降低COX-2及5-LOX在蛋白和mRNA水平上的表达,对COX-2的下调具有显著性;PW、PI及组织病理学切片均表明肉桂能改善BPH。结论CE能够有效改善BPH,其机制可能与下调花生四烯酸代谢网络中的COX-2的表达相关。

选择性COX-2抑制剂联合抗血管药物对肺癌影响的研究进展

肺癌是全球男性常见癌症,大部分肺癌患者在确诊时已属晚期。对于肺癌晚期患者来说,放疗、化疗的不良反应较大,患者无法耐受;靶向药物普遍存在耐药现象;免疫治疗受程序性死亡配体-1(programmed cell death protein 1,PD-L1)的表达限制;抗血管治疗的出现为晚期肺癌患者提供了更多的选择。目前,多种药物联合治疗肺癌的手段日渐成熟,抗血管药物联合化疗药物或靶向药物都取得了显著的疗效。在肺癌肿瘤生长过程中,环氧化酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)相互促进使肿瘤血管新生,所以,选择性COX-2抑制剂联合抗血管药物是否具有协同抗肿瘤作用,其抗肿瘤机制如何,本文将针对以上问题展开论述。

应用Minigene剪接变异体分析技术诊断PMM2基因非经典剪接位点新变异的致病性

目的:研究Minigene剪接变异体分析技术在诊断磷酸甘露糖变位酶2(PMM2)相关先天性糖基化障碍(PMM2-CDG)中的价值,探讨磷酸甘露糖变位酶2(PMM2)基因剪接位点新变异对其转录产物的影响。方法:通过对1例PMM2-CDG患儿进行高通量测序查找可能的遗传学病因,利用Minigene剪接变异体分析技术,研究PMM2基因新剪接位点变异的致病性。根据美国医学遗传学与基因组学学会(ACMG)指南,判断新变异的致病性。结果:遗传学分析发现患儿系PMM2基因母源性c.691G>A(p.Val231Met)变异和父源性c.447+5G>A变异复合杂合子。Minigene剪接变异体分析发现:变异c.447+5G>A导致PMM2基因转录产物形成r.348_447del转录本,为致病性PMM2基因变异。患儿的临床特征为皮肤巩膜黄染,血清总胆红素、非结合胆红素和总胆汁酸明显升高,白蛋白明显降低,甲胎蛋白、铁蛋白和促甲状腺素等升高,对症支持治疗效果欠佳。结论:Minigene剪接变异体分析可为PMM2-CDG确诊和家系遗传咨询提供新的分子标记物,扩展了PMM2基因变异谱,为该病的临床诊治提供新的参考依据。

Vanillylacetone attenuates cadmium chloride-induced hippocampal damage and memory loss through upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 gene and protein expression

Memory loss and dementia are major public health concerns with a substantial economic burden.Oxidative stress has been shown to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of hippocampal damage-induced memory impairment.To investigate whether the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound vanillyla cetone(zingerone) can protect against hippocampal damage and memory loss induced by cadmium chloride(CdCl_(2)) administration in rats,we explo red the potential involvement of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) signaling pathway,which is known to modulate oxidative stress and inflammation.Sixty healt hy male Wistar rats were divided into five groups:vehicle-treated(control),vanillylacetone,CdCl_(2),vanillylacetone+ CdCl_(2),vanillylacetone+ CdCl_(2)+ brusatol(a selective pharmacological N rf2inhibitor) groups.Vanillylacetone effectively attenuated CdCl_(2)-induced damage in the dental gyrus of the hippocampus and improved the memory function assessed by the Morris Water Maze test.Additionally,vanillylacetone markedly decreased the hippocampal tissue levels of inflammatory biomarkers(interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-α,intracellular cell adhesive molecules) and apoptosis biomarkers(Bax and cleaved caspase-3).The control and CdCl_(2)-treated groups treated with va nillylacetone showed reduced generation of reactive oxygen species,decreased malondialdehyde levels,and increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione activities,along with significant elevation of nuclear Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression in hippocampal tissue.All the protective effects of vanillylacetone we re substantially blocked by the co-administration of brusatol(a selective N rf2 inhibitor).Va nillylacetone mitigated hippocampal damage and memory loss induced by CdCl_(2),at least in part, by activating the nuclear transcription factor Nrf2.Additionally,vanillylacetone exerted its potent antioxidant and antiinflammatory actions.

多层螺旋CT联合血清COX-2、SCC-Ag在宫颈癌患者淋巴结转移诊断中的价值

目的:本研究将多层螺旋CT与血清环氧合酶(COX-2)、鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC-Ag)联合应用于宫颈癌患者淋巴结转移诊断中,并对该方式的诊断效能进行分析。方法:选取2021年1月—2023年1月在南京大学医学院附属盐城第一医院收治的80例经手术治疗的宫颈癌患者,以病理检查结果作为判定是否发生淋巴结转移的金标准,其中转移32例设为研究组,未转移48例设为对照组。对患者进行多层螺旋CT及血清COX-2、SCC-Ag检测,对不同检测方式的诊断效能进行分析。结果:研究组的血清COX-2、SCC-Ag水平以及多层螺旋CT参数中的血量(BV)、峰值强化(PEI)、灌注值(PF)均高于对照组,而研究组多层螺旋CT参数中的达峰时间(TTP)低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);多层螺旋CT检查后可见27例转移,53例未转移;血清COX-2、SCC-Ag检查后可见29例转移,51例未转移;联合检测可见31例转移,49例未转移。其中联合检测的阳性预测值为96.77%,阴性预测值为95.92%;对比曲线下面积后可见多层螺旋CT<血清COX-2、SCC-Ag<联合检测,其中联合检测的曲线下面积为0.957(P=0.027,95%CI:0.904~1.000),灵敏度为90.60%,特异度为95.80%。结论:多层螺旋CT联合血清COX-2和SCC-Ag诊断宫颈癌淋巴结转移具有显著的诊断效能,有助于临床医生判断淋巴结转移的危险程度并尽早制定治疗计划,以改善患者的预后。

PGE2、COX-2表达与牙槽骨成骨活性、内氧水平的关系

目的:探讨前列腺素E2(prostaglandin E2,PGE2)、环氧合酶2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)表达与牙槽骨成骨活性、内氧水平的关系。方法:选择2021年3月—2023年3月收治的56例慢性牙周炎且牙槽骨感染的患者为试验(牙周炎)组,同一时段53例健康牙槽骨为对照组。采用组织块培养法进行成骨细胞培养,采用改良Kaplow碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)染色鉴定细胞,利用ELISA试剂盒检测COX-2、PGE2、破骨细胞抑制因子(osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor,OPG)和核因子κB受体活化因子配体(receptor activator of nuclear factor-κb ligand,RANKL)等的表达,比较2组患者PGE2、COX-2、OPG、内氧水平、ALP和RANKL的表达水平,并分析其相关性。采用SPSS 27.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:牙周炎组的PGE2、COX-2、RANKL显著高于对照组,而OPG、内氧水平、ALP显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。PGE2、COX2呈高度正相关,与OPG、内氧水平和ALP呈高度负相关,但与RANKL呈高度正相关(P<0.05)。结论:PGE2、COX-2表达与ALP、内氧水平呈高度负相关,可考虑通过增加内氧水平,加大氧分压,并通过药物调节ALP水平,改变牙周炎或其他类似疾病的炎症状况。

To Analyze the Sensitivity of RT-PCR Assays Employing S Gene Target Failure with Whole Genome Sequencing Data during Third Wave by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant

Introduction: Omicron is a highly divergent variant of concern (VOCs) of a severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2. It carries a high number of mutations in its spike protein hence;it is more transmissible in the community by immune evasion mechanisms. Due to mutation within S gene, most Omicron variants have reported S gene target failure (SGTF) with some commercially available PCR kits. Such diagnostic features can be used as markers to screen Omicron. However, Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) is the only gold standard approach to confirm novel microorganisms at genetically level as similar mutations can also be found in other variants that are circulating at low frequencies worldwide. This Retrospective study is aimed to assess RT-PCR sensitivity in the detection of S gene target failure in comparison with whole genome sequencing to detect variants of Omicron. Methods: We have analysed retrospective data of SARS-CoV-2 positive RT-PCR samples for S gene target failure (SGTF) with TaqPath COVID-19 RT-PCR Combo Kit (ThermoFisher) and combined with sequencing technologies to study the emerged pattern of SARS-CoV-2 variants during third wave at the tertiary care centre, Surat. Results: From the first day of December 2021 till the end of February 2022, a total of 321,803 diagnostic RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 were performed, of which 20,566 positive cases were reported at our tertiary care centre with an average cumulative positivity of 6.39% over a period of three months. In the month of December 21 samples characterized by the SGTF (70/129) were suggestive of being infected by the Omicron variant and identified as Omicron (B.1.1.529 lineage) when sequence. In the month of January, we analysed a subset of samples (n = 618) with SGTF (24%) and without SGTF (76%) with Ct values Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, it took almost more than 15 days to diagnose infection and identify pathogen by sequencing technology. In contrast to that molecular assay provided quick identification with the help of SGTF phenomenon within 5 hours of duration. This strategy helps scientists and health policymakers for the quick isolation and identification of clusters. That ultimately results in a decreased transmission of pathogen among the community.

宣痹汤通过调控COX-2信号通路抑制大鼠急性痛风性关节炎炎症反应的机制研究

目的:探究宣痹汤抑制环氧合酶-2(COX-2)通路对急性痛风性关节炎(GA)大鼠炎症的影响。方法:SD大鼠60只,随机分为对照组、模型组、塞来昔布组(20 mg/kg)、宣痹汤低剂量组(5 g/kg)、宣痹汤中剂量组(10 g/kg)、宣痹汤高剂量组(20 g/kg),每组10只。采用Coderre经典方法建立大鼠痛风模型,对各组大鼠一般情况进行观察,步态分析,评估关节肿胀程度;利用HE染色技术对大鼠踝关节滑膜组织进行观察;ELISA测定大鼠关节液中炎症因子IL-1β、TNF-α、PGE_(2)、LTB_(4)水平;免疫印迹法检测大鼠踝关节滑膜组织PGE受体2(EP2)和LTB受体1(BLT1)的表达情况;qRT-PCR测定COX-2、5-脂氧合酶(5-LOX)mRNA表达的影响。结果:模型组大鼠关节肿胀、跛足、毛发暗淡、精神萎靡;塞来昔布组、宣痹汤低、中、高剂量组的大鼠症状明显改善;相比于对照组,模型组大鼠步态评价、关节肿胀程度、组织病理学改变、IL-1β、TNF-α、PGE_(2)、LTB_(4)、COX-2、5-LOX、EP2、BLT1水平显著升高(P<0.05);与COX-2抑制剂塞来昔布组相比,宣痹汤(20 g/kg)在接受MSU晶体处理的大鼠中表现出更好的抗关节炎特性,同时伴有IL-1β、TNF-α、PGE_(2)、LTB_(4)、COX-2、5-LOX、EP2、BLT1表达的减少。结论:宣痹汤抑制GA大鼠中COX-2、5-LOX来改善MSU晶体诱导的炎症,并可能作为一种治疗GA新策略。

Analysis of SMOC2 gene variants in familial and nonfamilial primary open angle glaucoma Pakistani patients

AIM:To find out the association of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine(SPARC)-related modular calcium binding 2(SMOC2)gene variants rs2255680 and rs13208776 with genotypic and phenotypic characteristics in both familial and non-familial primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)patients.METHODS:A total of 212 POAG patients,comprising 124 familial and 88 non-familial,were enrolled.For genotyping the SMOC2 variant rs2255680,amplification refractory mutation system(ARMS)-polymerase chain reaction(PCR)method and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP)were utilized for analyzing rs13208776 variant.RESULTS:The mean age of familial POAG patients was 50.92±9.12y,with 78 males and 46 females.The mean age of non-familial POAG patients was 53.14±13.44y,with 52 males and 36 females.The SMOC2 gene variant rs13208776 showed the significant association with POAG between familial and non-familial groups.The homozygous G/G variant was frequent among non-familial(60.2%)whereas the heterozygous G/A variant was more frequent in familial POAG patients(46%).There were significant differences in G/A variant between familial and non-familial glaucoma patients,and the risk was decreased to 0.53-fold in non-familial glaucoma patients[odds ratio(OR):0.53;95%confidence interval(CI):0.29-0.94;P=0.033]in codominant model.The risk was further reduced to 0.49-fold(95%CI:0.28-0.86;P=0.012)in dominant model for non-familial patients.No significant association of SMOC2 gene variant rs2255680 between familial and non-familial glaucoma patients was found in our population.The haplotype analysis showed the decreased risk for TA[OR:0.48(95%CI:0.29-0.79);P=0.004]and an increased risk for TG[OR=2.28(95%CI:1.22-4.25);P=0.01]haplotypes.CONCLUSION:Current findings show significant association of SMOC2 gene variant rs13208776 with POAG between familial and non-familial Pakistani patients.

AAV2-PDE6B restores retinal structure and function in the retinal degeneration 10 mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa by promoting phototransduction and inhibiting apoptosis

Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of inherited diseases that lead to retinal degeneration and photoreceptor cell death.However,there is no effective treatment for retinitis pigmentosa caused by PDE6B mutation.Adeno-associated virus(AAV)-mediated gene therapy is a promising strategy for treating retinitis pigmentosa.The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanisms by which AAV2-PDE6B rescues retinal function.To do this,we injected retinal degeneration 10(rd10)mice subretinally with AAV2-PDE6B and assessed the therapeutic effects on retinal function and structure using dark-and light-adapted electroretinogram,optical coherence tomography,and immunofluorescence.Data-independent acquisition-mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis was conducted to investigate protein expression levels and pathway enrichment,and the results from this analysis were verified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.AAV2-PDE6B injection significantly upregulated PDE6βexpression,preserved electroretinogram responses,and preserved outer nuclear layer thickness in rd10 mice.Differentially expressed proteins between wild-type and rd10 mice were closely related to visual perception,and treating rd10 mice with AAV2-PDE6B restored differentially expressed protein expression to levels similar to those seen in wild-type mice.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins whose expression was most significantly altered by AAV2-PDE6B injection were enriched in phototransduction pathways.Furthermore,the phototransductionrelated proteins Pde6α,Rom1,Rho,Aldh1a1,and Rbp1 exhibited opposite expression patterns in rd10 mice with or without AAV2-PDE6B treatment.Finally,Bax/Bcl-2,p-ERK/ERK,and p-c-Fos/c-Fos expression levels decreased in rd10 mice following AAV2-PDE6B treatment.Our data suggest that AAV2-PDE6B-mediated gene therapy promotes phototransduction and inhibits apoptosis by inhibiting the ERK signaling pathway and upregulating Bcl-2/Bax expression in retinitis pigmentosa.

难治性前列腺炎患者感染病原菌特征及血清免疫炎症反应相关因子MIP-1α、IL-8、COX-2水平检测意义

目的:探究难治性前列腺炎患者感染病原菌特征,并检测血清免疫炎症反应相关因子巨噬细胞炎性蛋白1α(MIP-1α)、IL-8、环氧合酶-2(COX-2)水平。方法:选取2018年10月至2020年6月郑州市第九人民医院门诊及郑州市中心医院男科门诊收治的87例难治性慢性前列腺炎患者作为观察组,另选取87例体检健康者作为对照组。分析难治性前列腺炎患者感染病原菌特征,比较两组血清MIP-1α、IL-8、COX-2水平及不同疗效、两组患者临床资料、治疗前后血清MIP-1α、IL-8、COX-2水平,分析血清MIP-1α、IL-8、COX-2差值与病程、慢性前列腺炎症状评分(NIH-CPSI)、最大尿流速的相关性及血清MIP-1α、IL-8、COX-2差值与难治性前列腺炎患者疗效的关系,并评价血清MIP-1α、IL-8、COX-2差值对难治性前列腺炎患者疗效的评估价值。结果:87例难治性前列腺炎患者前列腺液标本中均存在细菌感染,且9例患者同时伴有支原体感染。87例难治性前列腺炎患者前列腺液标本中共分离出338株病原菌,其中革兰阳性菌230株(68.05%);革兰阴性菌108株(31.95%);观察组血清MIP-1α、IL-8、COX-2水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同疗效患者病程、NIH-CPSI评分、最大尿流速、治疗后MIP-1α、IL-8、COX-2水平及治疗前后MIP-1α、IL-8、COX-2差值比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);难治性前列腺炎患者血清MIP-1α、IL-8、COX-2治疗前后差值与病程、NIH-CPSI评分呈正相关,与最大尿流速呈负相关(P<0.05);血清MIP-1α、IL-8、COX-2治疗前后差值与难治性前列腺炎患者疗效显著相关(P<0.05);血清MIP-1α、IL-8、COX-2治疗前后差值评估难治性前列腺炎患者疗效的AUC值分别为0.856、0.819、0.788,联合评估AUC值最大,为0.903。结论:难治性前列腺炎患者感染病原菌以革兰阳性菌为主,且血清MIP-1α、IL-8、COX-2明显升高,与病情演变密切相关,可用于评估临床疗效,为后续治疗提供依据。

Regulatory potential of soil available carbon,nitrogen,and functional genes on N_(2)O emissions in two upland plantation systems

Dynamic nitrification and denitrification processes are affected by changes in soil redox conditions,and they play a vital role in regulating soil N_(2)O emissions in rice-based cultivation.It is imperative to understand the influences of different upland crop planting systems on soil N_(2)O emissions.In this study,we focused on two representative rotation systems in Central China:rapeseed–rice(RR)and wheat–rice(WR).We examined the biotic and abiotic processes underlying the impacts of these upland plantings on soil N_(2)O emissions.The results revealed that during the rapeseed-cultivated seasons in the RR rotation system,the average N_(2)O emissions were 1.24±0.20 and 0.81±0.11 kg N ha^(–1)for the first and second seasons,respectively.These values were comparable to the N_(2)O emissions observed during the first and second wheat-cultivated seasons in the WR rotation system(0.98±0.25 and 0.70±0.04 kg N ha^(–1),respectively).This suggests that upland cultivation has minimal impacts on soil N_(2)O emissions in the two rotation systems.Strong positive correlations were found between N_(2)O fluxes and soil ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(–)),microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN),and the ratio of soil dissolved organic carbon(DOC)to NO_(3)^(–)in both RR and WR rotation systems.Moreover,the presence of the AOA-amoA and nirK genes were positively associated with soil N_(2)O fluxes in the RR and WR systems,respectively.This implies that these genes may have different potential roles in facilitating microbial N_(2)O production in various upland plantation models.By using a structural equation model,we found that soil moisture,mineral N,MBN,and the AOA-amoA gene accounted for over 50%of the effects on N_(2)O emissions in the RR rotation system.In the WR rotation system,soil moisture,mineral N,MBN,and the AOA-amoA and nirK genes had a combined impact of over 70%on N_(2)O emissions.These findings demonstrate the interactive effects of functional genes and soil factors,including soil physical characteristics,available carbon and nitrogen,and their ratio,on soil N_(2)O emissions during upland cultivation seasons under rice-upland rotations.