The variation of microstucture and phase structure of metal Cr and Al powders prepared by high energy mechanical milling was analyzed and investigated.The results show that with the continuous balling the average grai...The variation of microstucture and phase structure of metal Cr and Al powders prepared by high energy mechanical milling was analyzed and investigated.The results show that with the continuous balling the average grain sizes of the brittle Cr powders are gradually decreased,and the diffraction peaks are widened and the peak values lower owing to the interrelation caused by both cold welding and breaking;the tough Al powders exhibit intense cold welding,and most of powders lead to adhesion to ball surface and pot wall,meanwhile,the Al powders subjected to intense deformation have led to many dislocation rings with non dislocation wind up found in the microstructure.展开更多
Magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Fe_~60 Cr_~40 powders prepared by mechanical alloying in vacuum and air were investigated by utilizing the measurements of magnetization, X-ray diffraction, and ~ ~57 Fe Mssbauer...Magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Fe_~60 Cr_~40 powders prepared by mechanical alloying in vacuum and air were investigated by utilizing the measurements of magnetization, X-ray diffraction, and ~ ~57 Fe Mssbauer spectrum. The results show that the Fe_~60 Cr_~40 powders keep the bcc structure during milling in air and vacuum. The saturation magnetization of the Fe_~60 Cr_~40 powders milled in vacuum and air decreases with the increase of the milling time up to 45 h. The decrease of saturation magnetization of the Fe_~60 Cr_~40 powders milled in vacuum is due to the formation of Fe-Cr solid solution, while in air it is due to the formation of paramagnetic disorder structure and solid solution.展开更多
At present, heavy metal pollution in food occurs frequently, which requires a novel method for rapid detection. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） is a new technique for rapid and environmental friendly det...At present, heavy metal pollution in food occurs frequently, which requires a novel method for rapid detection. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） is a new technique for rapid and environmental friendly detection, but it lacks high sensitivity and stability which restrict its development. In this study, Cr-polluted infant milk powder was used as experimental material to explore the feasibility of the application of LIBS technique in food safety detection. Aiming at improving the precision and accuracy of Cr detection by LIBS technique, LIBS spectra of samples were collected by a spectrometer with an intensified charge-cou- pled device （ICCD） using three gratings with different resolutions to comprehensively compare and analyze the stability, sensitivity and quantitative analysis accura- cy of LIBS detection. The results showed that average relative standard deviation （RSD） of LIBS spectral intensity was below 10%, indicating good stability. LIBS signals were collected by three gratings for quantitative analysis, and the results demonstrated that the linear correlation coefficient R2 of fitting curves was 0. 248 87, 0.903 12 and 0.992 81, respectively; the relative errors between actual and predicted concentrations were 38.23%, 8.84% and 7.43%, respectively, indicating that gratings with higher resolutions could lead to higher linear correlation coefficient and better detection accuracy. According to the results, high-resolu- tion spectrometer could significantly improve the accuracy of LIBS detection of Cr concentration in milk powder, suggesting that it is feasible to detect heavy metals in food by LIBS technique with the improvement of core device performance.展开更多
Induction hardening of dense Fe–Cr/Mo alloys processed via the powder-metallurgy route was studied. The Fe-3Cr-0.5Mo, Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo, and Fe-0.85 Mo pre-alloyed powders were mixed with 0.4wt%, 0.6wt%, and 0.8wt% C an...Induction hardening of dense Fe–Cr/Mo alloys processed via the powder-metallurgy route was studied. The Fe-3Cr-0.5Mo, Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo, and Fe-0.85 Mo pre-alloyed powders were mixed with 0.4wt%, 0.6wt%, and 0.8wt% C and compacted at 500, 600, and 700 MPa, respectively. The compacts were sintered at 1473 K for 1 h and then cooled at 6 K/min. Ferrite with pearlite was mostly observed in the sintered alloys with 0.4wt% C, whereas a carbide network was also present in the alloys with 0.8wt% C. Graphite at prior particle boundaries led to deterioration of the mechanical properties of alloys with 0.8wt% C, whereas no significant induction hardening was achieved in alloys with 0.4wt% C. Among the investigated samples, alloys with 0.6wt% C exhibited the highest strength and ductility and were found to be suitable for induction hardening. The hardening was carried out at a frequency of 2.0 kHz for 2–3 s. A case depth of 2.5 mm was achieved while maintaining the bulk(interior) hardness of approximately HV 230. A martensitic structure was observed on the outer periphery of the samples. The hardness varied from HV 600 to HV 375 from the sample surface to the interior of the case hardened region. The best combination of properties and hardening depth was achieved in case of the Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo alloy with 0.6wt% C.展开更多
以提高激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)检测奶粉中重金属Cr元素精确性为研究目的,采用集成ICCD光谱仪的LIBS系统对奶粉样品中等离子体信号进行采集。为了减小检测误差,首先用洛伦兹(Lorentz)拟合对光谱谱线轮廓进行预处理,提取光谱净强度值。在...以提高激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)检测奶粉中重金属Cr元素精确性为研究目的,采用集成ICCD光谱仪的LIBS系统对奶粉样品中等离子体信号进行采集。为了减小检测误差,首先用洛伦兹(Lorentz)拟合对光谱谱线轮廓进行预处理,提取光谱净强度值。在相同的试验条件下,以Cr I 425.43 nm作为分析线、Ca I 422.67 nm作为内标线,分别采用外标法和内标法对奶粉中的Cr元素进行了定量分析,两种定标曲线的线性系数分别为0.946 52和0.991。实验结果表明,选取奶粉中基体元素Ca作为内标物质能有效提高定标曲线的拟合效果,减少误差,为将来采用内标法建模应用于便携式LIBS技术检测食品提供了参考。展开更多
文摘The variation of microstucture and phase structure of metal Cr and Al powders prepared by high energy mechanical milling was analyzed and investigated.The results show that with the continuous balling the average grain sizes of the brittle Cr powders are gradually decreased,and the diffraction peaks are widened and the peak values lower owing to the interrelation caused by both cold welding and breaking;the tough Al powders exhibit intense cold welding,and most of powders lead to adhesion to ball surface and pot wall,meanwhile,the Al powders subjected to intense deformation have led to many dislocation rings with non dislocation wind up found in the microstructure.
文摘Magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Fe_~60 Cr_~40 powders prepared by mechanical alloying in vacuum and air were investigated by utilizing the measurements of magnetization, X-ray diffraction, and ~ ~57 Fe Mssbauer spectrum. The results show that the Fe_~60 Cr_~40 powders keep the bcc structure during milling in air and vacuum. The saturation magnetization of the Fe_~60 Cr_~40 powders milled in vacuum and air decreases with the increase of the milling time up to 45 h. The decrease of saturation magnetization of the Fe_~60 Cr_~40 powders milled in vacuum is due to the formation of Fe-Cr solid solution, while in air it is due to the formation of paramagnetic disorder structure and solid solution.
文摘At present, heavy metal pollution in food occurs frequently, which requires a novel method for rapid detection. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） is a new technique for rapid and environmental friendly detection, but it lacks high sensitivity and stability which restrict its development. In this study, Cr-polluted infant milk powder was used as experimental material to explore the feasibility of the application of LIBS technique in food safety detection. Aiming at improving the precision and accuracy of Cr detection by LIBS technique, LIBS spectra of samples were collected by a spectrometer with an intensified charge-cou- pled device （ICCD） using three gratings with different resolutions to comprehensively compare and analyze the stability, sensitivity and quantitative analysis accura- cy of LIBS detection. The results showed that average relative standard deviation （RSD） of LIBS spectral intensity was below 10%, indicating good stability. LIBS signals were collected by three gratings for quantitative analysis, and the results demonstrated that the linear correlation coefficient R2 of fitting curves was 0. 248 87, 0.903 12 and 0.992 81, respectively; the relative errors between actual and predicted concentrations were 38.23%, 8.84% and 7.43%, respectively, indicating that gratings with higher resolutions could lead to higher linear correlation coefficient and better detection accuracy. According to the results, high-resolu- tion spectrometer could significantly improve the accuracy of LIBS detection of Cr concentration in milk powder, suggesting that it is feasible to detect heavy metals in food by LIBS technique with the improvement of core device performance.
基金the support of the MHRD fellowship from Government of India
文摘Induction hardening of dense Fe–Cr/Mo alloys processed via the powder-metallurgy route was studied. The Fe-3Cr-0.5Mo, Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo, and Fe-0.85 Mo pre-alloyed powders were mixed with 0.4wt%, 0.6wt%, and 0.8wt% C and compacted at 500, 600, and 700 MPa, respectively. The compacts were sintered at 1473 K for 1 h and then cooled at 6 K/min. Ferrite with pearlite was mostly observed in the sintered alloys with 0.4wt% C, whereas a carbide network was also present in the alloys with 0.8wt% C. Graphite at prior particle boundaries led to deterioration of the mechanical properties of alloys with 0.8wt% C, whereas no significant induction hardening was achieved in alloys with 0.4wt% C. Among the investigated samples, alloys with 0.6wt% C exhibited the highest strength and ductility and were found to be suitable for induction hardening. The hardening was carried out at a frequency of 2.0 kHz for 2–3 s. A case depth of 2.5 mm was achieved while maintaining the bulk(interior) hardness of approximately HV 230. A martensitic structure was observed on the outer periphery of the samples. The hardness varied from HV 600 to HV 375 from the sample surface to the interior of the case hardened region. The best combination of properties and hardening depth was achieved in case of the Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo alloy with 0.6wt% C.
文摘以提高激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)检测奶粉中重金属Cr元素精确性为研究目的,采用集成ICCD光谱仪的LIBS系统对奶粉样品中等离子体信号进行采集。为了减小检测误差,首先用洛伦兹(Lorentz)拟合对光谱谱线轮廓进行预处理,提取光谱净强度值。在相同的试验条件下,以Cr I 425.43 nm作为分析线、Ca I 422.67 nm作为内标线,分别采用外标法和内标法对奶粉中的Cr元素进行了定量分析,两种定标曲线的线性系数分别为0.946 52和0.991。实验结果表明,选取奶粉中基体元素Ca作为内标物质能有效提高定标曲线的拟合效果,减少误差,为将来采用内标法建模应用于便携式LIBS技术检测食品提供了参考。
