Relationship between Critical Hydrogen Concentration and Applied Stress for Hydrogen Induced Cracking in 0.2 wt—%C Annealed Plain Steel

1.IntroductionSo far there are few people who studythe relationship between the criticalhydrogen concentration and the stress forhvdrogen induced cracking (CCHIC)quantitatively.Several researchers have cal-culated the CCHIC of steels under no stressby means of H permeation method,but no

Effect of Temperature and Concentration of Ammonium Nitrate Solution on the Succeptibility of Mild Steel to Stress Corrosion Cracking

The effect of varying the temperature and the concentration of ammonium nitrate solution on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of mild steel is studied. An increase in the temperature causes a decrease in the stress corrosion life. It appears that the susceptibility in the range 368 K to 380 K was greater than at other temperatures. Near the boiling point corrosion and stress corrosion occurs, at the boiling point, the cracking was associated with a high rate of general corrosion. Microscopic examination after stress corrosion testing in 10Wt%, 20Wt%, and 52Wt% NH4NO3 solution revealed that in all cases there was severe intergranular attack, especially at the high concentration.

Coupling control on pillar stress concentration and surface cracks in shallow multi-seam mining

In order to ensure safe mining and reduce surface damage in shallow multi-seam mining,the failure characteristics of interburden strata with different coal pillars offset distances between pillars in the upper and lower seams,the distribution characteristics of stress concentration in coal pillars,and the development characteristics of stratum cracks and subsidence were investigated by physical and UDEC2D simulation.Meanwhile,the effect of different coal pillar offset distances on stress concentration of coal pillar and development of stratum cracks were studied.Based on those results,a formula for safe mining and reducing surface damage was established,which provided a theoretical basis for safe and environmentally friendly mining in shallow multi-seam.According to the results,the optimal coal pillar offset distance(the side to side horizontal distance of the upper and lower coal pillars)between the upper and lower coal seams was developed to reduce the stress concentration of coal pillars and surface damage.The results of this study have been applied in Ningtiaota coal mine and have achieved good results in safe and environmentally friendly mining.

Sensitivity to Stress Concentration of Steel at High Temperature

A new experimental method was developed to simulate the generation of the surface transversal crack on the continuous casting slab with a discontinuous sample. A high temperature property of steel named"the sensitivity to the stress concentration of steel at high temperature"was defined to evaluate the effect of stress concentration on thermal plasticity of steel. "The sensitivity parameter to the stress concentration of steel at high temperature"was available to determine the temperature range in which steel is sensitive to the stress concentration.

Analytical solution for a strained reinforcement layer bonded to lip-shaped crack under remote modeⅢuniform load and concentrated load

In this paper, the analytical solution of stress field for a strained reinforcement layer bonded to a lip-shaped crack under a remote mode III uniform load and a concentrated load is obtained explicitly in the series form by using the technical of conformal mapping and the method of analytic continuation. The effects of material combinations, bond of interface and geometric configurations on interfaciai stresses generated by eigenstrain, remote load and concentrated load are studied. The results show that the stress concentration and interfaciai stresses can be reduced by rational material combinations and geometric configurations designs for different load forms.

平面拉伸下聚氨酯裂纹板的裂纹扩展研究

聚氨酯(PU)因具有优异的物理化学性能,常用于一般工业与民用建筑中的屋面、地下室、浴室、卫生间地面等防水工程,但在长期服役过程中,难免会产生裂纹或微孔等缺陷,裂纹地萌生与扩展将劣化材料的使用性能,降低材料构件的承载力,甚至导致结构失效或安全事故。本文通过平面拉伸试验,探究了不同拉伸速率下聚氨酯裂纹板的力学性能及其裂纹扩展规律,研究结果表明,拉伸速率对裂纹板的应力应变关系、断裂失效时间以及裂纹扩展规律均有一定影响。

某高压管汇Y型三通管开裂原因分析

[目的]某高压管汇Y型三通管在酸压施工作业过程中发生泄漏。[方法]通过无损探伤、宏观分析、金相分析、化学成分分析、力学性能分析、微观分析、应力计算等手段,对某高压管汇Y型三通管的材质、断口特征、应力场分布等进行了研究。[结果]现场发生泄漏的三通管在化学成分、拉伸性能、耐冲击性能、金相组织等方面都与库房完好的三通管基本一致,但冲击功均较低,断口呈脆性断裂特征,内壁存在明显的腐蚀产物及腐蚀坑。[结论]三通管发生纵向开裂的主要原因为地面交联酸的腐蚀导致大量腐蚀坑的形成,并在较高的内压作用下造成局部应力集中,超过管材的强度极限。

法国核电应力腐蚀问题对我国核电技术发展的启示

2022年,法国电力公司(EDF)大量核电机组因一回路管道应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)问题而停堆检修,对法国甚至欧洲的生产生活造成巨大影响。针对该事件,在总结国内外核反应堆类似失效案例及材料老化研究成果的基础上,对反应堆不锈钢部件的SCC问题的机理、影响因素、抑制措施开展了分析,并结合我国核电机组服役时间逐渐延长,材料老化、设备失效问题日益突出的现状,提出我国核电运维改进措施,如优化残余应力、加强监督和检查,研发更有效的无损检测技术等。同时,探讨了我国在反应堆材料老化研究方面的发展方向。

基于XFEM的X80管线钢焊接接头三维裂纹萌生扩展仿真分析

利用有限元软件ABAQUS,以X80管线钢不同坡口形式的焊接接头为研究对象,基于扩展有限元方法(XFEM),对X形和V形两种不同形式坡口的焊接接头在拉伸载荷下的裂纹扩展形态进行数值模拟分析。结果表明,裂纹尖端首先出现了应力集中,应力分布趋势与理论计算的塑性区形状大致相同。利用XFEM方法模拟裂纹尖端自由扩展,X形坡口和V形坡口的焊接接头裂纹首先出现在焊缝并靠近熔合线处,且二者的扩展路径一致,在相同条件下,X形坡口的焊接接头焊缝处最先出现裂纹,V形坡口的焊接接头焊缝处裂纹出现的时间较X形坡口出现裂纹的时间晚。

芳烃抽提装置溶剂再生塔换热器管束的开裂原因及优化措施

针对四川石化芳烃抽提装置溶剂再生塔E-1013换热器管束发生两次开裂、泄漏问题,对该管束的化学成分及显微组织进行分析,通过电镜扫描及能谱分析,结合换热器运行工况和管束材质结构,对管束开裂的主要原因进行分析。结果表明:管束与管板的焊接处存在局部应力集中,在振动交变载荷作用下,管束发生疲劳开裂。通过控制再生塔操作温度、换热器管束进/出口温度及选用304以上牌号的奥氏体不锈钢等措施,可有效控制管束的疲劳开裂事故。

锻钢冷轧工作辊表面剥落原因

某冷轧厂锻钢冷轧工作辊表面发生剥落事故,采用宏观观察、化学成分分析、硬度测试、超声检测、金相检验等方法分析表面剥落原因,结果表明:轧制过程中有异物压入,使冷轧工作辊表面局部产生应力集中点并萌生裂纹,裂纹在轧制力的作用下沿晶界扩展;冷轧辊表面缺陷和次表层夹杂是轧辊表面剥落的根本原因。

地铁扣件用T形螺栓的失效分析

多件地铁扣件用Q235-A钢T形螺栓在使用中开裂或断裂。通过断口分析、金相检验、硬度测定和化学成分检测等分析了两件T形螺栓开裂的原因。结果表明:开裂T形螺栓的硬度和化学成分均符合要求,无夹杂物等冶金缺陷;螺栓颈部转角的半径过小从而产生应力集中,且侧向应力过大,导致其使用中疲劳开裂或疲劳断裂。

某挖掘机动臂焊缝开裂原因

某大型液压挖掘机的动臂在使用过程中发生开裂现象,采用宏观观察、化学成分分析、扫描电镜分析、力学性能测试、金相检验、有限元分析等方法对动臂开裂原因进行分析。结果表明:开裂的主要原因是内部焊缝的底部与母材存在未熔合缺陷,使焊接区域尖角应力集中,同时非标大负载铲斗使焊缝表面的应力明显加大,最终在循环大载荷的作用下,焊缝发生疲劳开裂。

同步同心旋喷式复合斜撑桩周边底板开裂原因初步分析及预防措施

结合宁波滨海软土地区典型同步同心旋喷式复合斜桩支撑项目的各种底板裂缝情况,分析了复合斜撑桩周边底板出现裂缝的初步原因,并提出了多种预防措施,上述措施在后续项目实践中取得了良好效果,可供今后同类项目设计及施工借鉴。

Interaction of a circular cavity and a beeline crack in right-angle plane impacted by SH-wave

The problem of scattering of SH-wave by a circular cavity and an arbitrary beeline crack in right-angle plane was investigated using the methods of Green's function,complex variables and muti-polar coordinates.Firstly,we constructed a suitable Green's function,which is an essential solution to the displacement field for the elastic right-angle plane possessing a circular cavity while bearing out-of-plane harmonic line source load at arbitrary point.Secondly,based on the method of crack-division,integration for solution was established,then expressions of displacement and stress were obtained while crack and circular cavities were both in existence.Finally,the dynamic stress concentration factor around the circular cavity and the dynamic stress intensity factor at crack tip were discussed to the cases of different parameters in numerical examples.Calculation results show that the crack produces adverse engineering influence on both of the dynamic stress concentration factor and the dynamic stress intensity factor.

Dynamic anti-plane interaction between an impermeable crack and a circular cavity in an infinite piezoelectric medium

Wave propagation in an infinite elastic piezoelectric medium with a circular cavity and an impermeable crack subjected to steady-state anti-plane shearing was studied based on Green's function and the crack-division technique.Theoretical solutions were derived for the whole elastic displacement and electric potential field in the interaction between the circular cavity and the impermeable crack.Expressions were obtained on the dynamic stress concentration factor(DSCF) at the cavity's edge,the dynamic stress intensity factor(DSIF) and the dynamic electric displacement intensity factor(DEDIF) at the crack tip.Numerical solutions were performed and plotted with different incident wave numbers,parameters of piezoelectric materials and geometries of the structure.Finally,some of the calculation results were compared with the case of dynamic anti-plane interaction of a permeable crack and a circular cavity in an infinite piezoelectric medium.This paper can provide a valuable reference for the design of piezoelectric actuators and sensors widely used in marine structures.

空孔对爆生裂纹扩展的力学行为研究

为了探究空孔对爆生裂纹扩展的影响,结合ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元软件建立了空孔爆破损伤模型,理论上推导了空孔附近的岩体质点应力分布方程,分析了空孔效应对于破碎机理与裂纹扩展的影响。结果表明:空孔自由面效应会在空孔附近引起冲击压力骤增和震速变化,出现迎爆面处岩石“片落”现象;空孔背爆面处的震速明显小于迎爆面的震速,说明空孔具有很好的泄压降震效果;通过对冲击压力和裂隙区半径的解析解计算与数值计算结果对比,冲击压力的误差11.81%,而裂隙区半径的误差9.49%,两者结果较为接近。

大采高工作面煤壁稳定性分析及控制技术研究

针对“直覆厚硬砂岩顶板破断步距大,易引发煤壁片帮等煤岩动力灾害”的情况,本文研究了张集矿以厚硬砂岩为顶板的14121工作面开采过程,结合理论分析得出煤壁片帮的影响因素,确定合理的破断步距。采取预裂爆破强制放顶方案,用UDEC软件模拟切顶效果,比较不同破断步距下预裂爆破切顶前后的煤壁处的应力集中及塑性区煤体的破坏特征。结果表明:15 m顶板破断步距相较于25 m破断步距使煤壁前方超前支承应力峰值下降20.1%,但煤壁处的承载力增加121%,煤壁水平方向最大位移量减少了35.3%,煤壁处塑性区范围减小近30%,从而减少煤壁片帮事故的发生,保证大采高工作面的安全回采。

再生顶板煤自燃漏风裂隙控制机理

再生顶板煤自燃是矿井火灾常见类型之一,其顶板裂隙漏风是导致遗留煤炭氧化自燃的关键原因。现阶段,对于再生顶板的支护方式仅从“强帮固顶”的角度出发,针对裂隙漏风的控制研究尚不完善,尤其缺乏在应力集中导致漏风裂隙演化扩展方面的研究。基于此,针对山东鹿洼煤矿2304工作面回风巷再生顶板,以弹性力学理论、临界破坏准则及广义胡克定律为基础,分别推导了各种措施下的应力集中系数与再生顶板围岩特性参数的关系,并利用再生顶板现场情况结合压溃实验与分形维数,阐明了各种措施下的再生顶板应力集中控制情况与裂隙演化规律研究。结果表明:岩石弹性模量对再生顶板的应力集中影响最为显著,且根据现场工况计算得出,使用锚杆支护时,最大应力集中系数为2.341,水泥浆胶结支护时,最大应力集中系数为1.563,纳米浆泡材料胶结支护时,最大应力集中系数为1.393;此外,利用压溃实验发现水泥材料胶结体的裂隙主要从中心向四周扩散,其横向纵向的裂隙数量均会持续增加,并逐渐贯通,而纳米浆泡材料仅会在原有裂隙基础上继续演化发育,当单轴压力超过8 MPa后,纳米浆泡材料胶结体的裂隙基本不再发育;分形维数计算结果表明,当压力小于5 MPa时,纳米浆泡材料的多孔结构会使分形维数大于水泥材料胶结体;当压力大于5 MPa时,尤其是超过抗压强度后,纳米浆泡材料胶结体的分形维数小于水泥浆胶结体,故裂隙扩展演化速率更加缓慢,有利于阻止再生顶板的裂隙漏风。