Parameter estimation of LFM signals based on time reversal

In this paper,parameter estimation of linear frequency modulation(LFM)signals containing additive white Gaussian noise is studied.Because the center frequency estimation of an LFM signal is affected by the error propagation effect,resulting in a higher signal to noise ratio(SNR)threshold,a parameter estimation method for LFM signals based on time reversal is proposed.The proposed method avoids SNR loss in the process of estimating the frequency,thus reducing the SNR threshold.The simulation results show that the threshold is reduced by 5 dB compared with the discrete polynomial transform(DPT)method,and the root-mean-square error(RMSE)of the proposed estimator is close to the Cramer-Rao lower bound(CRLB).

基于Gabor变换的超声回波信号时频估计

在无损检测中,超声回波往往是一个重叠较严重,含有噪声的多回波信号。根据Gabor变换时频分析的特点,该文提出一种基于Gabor变换的超声回波信号时频估计方法。该文建立回波信号与Gabor变换分析窗函数相似度(即距离)模型,通过模型相似度最小化问题转化为求解回波信号Gabor变换系数模的最大值来估计回波信号的传播时间(TOF)和中心频率(CF),最后推导它们的克拉美-罗界(CRLB)以评价算法的性能。Monte Carlo仿真和实验结果表明该文提出的算法,无论对低信噪比的单回波信号或重叠的多回波信号都能达到较高的精度,而且估计的均方误差在高信噪比时,达到CRLB,即使在低信噪比,也接近CRLB。

一种水下被动目标运动分析与仿真

文章讨论的是一种水下运动的目标和观测平台在不同平面的三维情形下 ,被动目标运动分析与仿真问题。文中从声呐测量的方位角、仰角和频率的数据入手 ,采用伪线性估计、最大似然估计两种不同的方法 ,对水下被动TMA问题进行了研究 ,并分析了两种不同方法的状态参数估计的误差特性。仿真结果表明 :由于增加了观测的信息量 ,上述方法均能得到较好的参数估计结果 ,且伪线性估计方差向CRLB界接近。上述方法可推广到目标和观测平台处于同一平面的二维情形。

无线传感器网络中一种改进的分布式加权多维尺度定位算法

本文在无线传感器网络单跳定位误差分析的基础上,分析了多跳节点定位误差的特性,并据此提出针对分布式加权多维尺度定位(Distributed Weighted Multidimensional Scaling,dwMDS)的权值优化算法。在无法获知参考点确切误差的情况下,利用分析出来的克拉美劳下限代替参考点误差并与距离测量误差合并,更准确的反映了多跳定位中的点与点之间的误差,从而有助于设计更优化的权值。仿真结果表明,使用优化权值改进的算法得到的节点定位误差明显减小。

Optimal observation configuration of UAVs based on angle and range measurements and cooperative target tracking in three-dimensional space

This article investigates the optimal observation configuration of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) based on angle and range measurements, and generalizes predecessors' researches in two dimensions into three dimensions. The relative geometry of the UAVs-target will significantly affect the state estimation performance of the target, the cost function based on the Fisher information matrix(FIM) is used to derive the FIM determinant of UAVs' observation in three-dimensional space, and the optimal observation geometric configuration that maximizes the determinant of the FIM is obtained. It is shown that the optimal observation configuration of the UAVs-target is usually not unique, and the optimal observation configuration is proved for two UAVs and three UAVs in three-dimension. The long-range over-the-horizon target tracking is simulated and analyzed based on the analysis of optimal observation configuration for two UAVs. The simulation results show that the theoretical analysis and control algorithm can effectively improve the positioning accuracy of the target. It can provide a helpful reference for the design of over-the-horizon target localization based on UAVs.

Using self-location to calibrate the errors of observer positions for source localization

The uncertainty of observers＇ positions can lead to significantly degrading in source localization accuracy. This pa-per proposes a method of using self-location for calibrating the positions of observer stations in source localization to reduce the errors of the observer positions and improve the accuracy of the source localization. The relative distance measurements of the two coordinative observers are used for the linear minimum mean square error （LMMSE） estimator. The results of computer si-mulations prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. With the general estimation errors of observers＇ positions, the MSE of the source localization with self-location calibration, which is significantly lower than that without self-location calibra-tion, is approximating to the Cramer-Rao lower bound （CRLB）.

Simulation study of passive target motion analysis

In this paper, the problem of underwater passive target motion analysis (TMA) in three dimensions is discussed using the measurements of passive bearings and elevation and frequency on the condition that acoustic source and observer are in different horizontal planes. Simulation results with both of the PLE (pseudo-linear estimation) and MLE (Maximum likelihood estimation) show that the TMA method is effective in oceanic environment. Its error covariance curves tend to its Cramer-Rao lower bounds.

Accuracy Analysis of Position Estimation Based on Measurements of Received Signal Strength Difference

The performance of a cellular location system based on received signal strength difference （RSSD） is investigated. In the cellular location system, each mobile station needs to measure the signal strength transmitted by surrounding base stations, and sends its measurements to the service base station. Using the strength difference between the service base station and neighboring base stations, the position of a mobile station is estimated. The related Cramer-Rao lower bound （CRLB） on the location error of this method was derived, and numerical simulations are made to discuss the influences of the number of base stations, correlation coefficient of shadowing attenuation, and cell radius on CRLB. The results show that the CRLB is positively correlated with the standard deviation of shadowing attenuation and cell radius, but negatively correlated with the number of base stations and the correlation coefficient of shadowing attenuation. In addition, the CRLB results obtained in this paper were compared with those of the cellular location system based on received signal strength （RSS） measurements, which reveals that the former is more tight.

CRLB analysis of wireless cognitive location with different short-range measurements

Because of the wide application and great market potential of location-aware services, the research of wireless location techniques for the fourth generation （4G） mobile communications is being paid more attention. Wireless cognitive location （WCL） techniques for next generation wireless networks have been proposed in recent years. This article investigates the changes of the positioning accuracy of WCL algorithm when different methods are adopted to measure the short-range （SR） information. By fJrst completing Cramer-Rao lower bound （CRLB） analysis of the WCL algorithm with SR measurements based on time of arrival （TOA） and received signal strength （RSS）, it is discovered that TOA-based or time difference of arrival （TDOA） -based SR measurement can make WCL algorithms achieve higher accuracy than RSS mode, which is also verified by numerical simulation in the article. The conclusions can instruct the design of novel WCL-based location algorithms.