BACKGROUND Congenital transverse deficiencies are horizontal deficiencies of the long bones that occur with a reported incidence as high 0.38%.They can occur alone or represent a manifestation of a various clinical sy...BACKGROUND Congenital transverse deficiencies are horizontal deficiencies of the long bones that occur with a reported incidence as high 0.38%.They can occur alone or represent a manifestation of a various clinical syndromes.Diagnosis has tradi-tionally comprised of conventional radiography and prenatal imaging studies.There has been much advancement regarding prenatal imaging modalities to allow for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.AIM To summarize the current state of knowledge on congenital transverse limb deficiencies and to provide an update regarding the radiographic evaluation of congenital transverse limb deficiencies.METHODS This IRB-exempt scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR checklist for scoping reviews strictly.Five search engines were searched for a total of 265 publications.Four authors reviewed these during the screening process.Of these,51 studies were included in our article.Prenatal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),3D Ultrasound,and multidetector Computed tomography(CT)exist are emerging modalities that have the potential to improve diagnosis.RESULTS Use of the appropriate classification system,three-dimensional ultrasonography with a maximum intensity projection,and appropriate use of prenatal MRI and prenatal CT can improve diagnosis and inter-provider communication.CONCLUSION Further scholarly efforts are required to develop improve standardized guidelines regarding the pre-natal radiographic evaluation of congenital limb deficiencies.展开更多
目的对医患沟通的临床实践指南进行方法学和报告质量评价,以期确定高质量指南,提供临床参考。方法通过检索MEDLINE(PubMed)、Web of Science、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台、维普(VIP),补充医脉通、用药助手、丁香园网站的相...目的对医患沟通的临床实践指南进行方法学和报告质量评价,以期确定高质量指南,提供临床参考。方法通过检索MEDLINE(PubMed)、Web of Science、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台、维普(VIP),补充医脉通、用药助手、丁香园网站的相关临床实践指南(CPG),使用AGREEⅡ和RIGHT工具进行指南质量评价,采用组内相关系数(ICC)用于评估评审者对每个项目理解的一致性。结果共纳入2份临床实践指南,每个领域的评审人员的总体一致性是可以接受的。AGREEⅡ评价结果显示,2篇指南推荐级别均为B级,CPG所有7个领域的平均报告率为50.64%,其中领域1最高(88.89%),领域3最低(30.95%)。RIGHT评价结果显示,指南平均报告率为29.22%。结论医患沟通相关指南质量与数量仍有待提高,指南制订者应严格按照AGREEⅡ和RIGHT的要求规范撰写,以期提出高水平、高标准的循证指南,来指导医护人员的临床实践。展开更多
Introduction: In developing countries, gender-based violence (GBV) is a real public health problem. In Benin, GBV affects the majority of women and girls (69%). Benin has implemented strategies and set up integrated c...Introduction: In developing countries, gender-based violence (GBV) is a real public health problem. In Benin, GBV affects the majority of women and girls (69%). Benin has implemented strategies and set up integrated centers for the management of violence in order to reduce cases of violence and ensure the holistic management of victims. The objective of our study was to assess the functionality of the network of sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) in case of GBV in the commune of Kpomasse in 2022. Method: This descriptive and evaluative study was conducted from March 21 to April 11, 2022. The sampling method used was non-probabilistic. Reasoned choice and convenience were the techniques used for the different targets of the study. The functionality of the SRHR service network was assessed first by calculating scores at the structure, process and outcome levels, and then by analysis using the human rights-based approach. Results: Out of the 34 GBV victims identified, only one had received a full response and 54% of the victims had no knowledge of SRHR. The lack of knowledge about health care facilities was 41% for victims and 80% for non-victims in the community who participated in the study. In the case of gender-based violence, the community preferred to settle out of court rather than report it. The functionality of the networking of sexual and reproductive health rights services in the event of the occurrence of gender-based violence in the commune of Kpomassè is insufficient. Lack of knowledge of the roles of rights holders (DD) and duty bearers (DO) explains the insufficient functionality of networking. Conclusion: Training of SRHR service agents and community sensitization are essential to improve the functionality of SRHR service networking in the commune of Kpomasse.展开更多
The rights and interests value of mineral resources includes the prospecting rights value and the mining rights value. The mining rights value is made up of the min-eral resources value and the compensation value base...The rights and interests value of mineral resources includes the prospecting rights value and the mining rights value. The mining rights value is made up of the min-eral resources value and the compensation value based on the inputs of capitals and labors in different exploration stage, the prospecting rights value should be equal to ex-ploration differential rent of resources. According to the stage characteristic of mineral resources exploration and development, the initial evaluating methods and models are used to evaluate the prospecting rights and mining rights value.展开更多
Recently, when evaluating the achievements China has made during the his- torical periods before and after reform and opening-up, Chinese President Xi Jinping pointed out, ＂The socialist construction conducted by the...Recently, when evaluating the achievements China has made during the his- torical periods before and after reform and opening-up, Chinese President Xi Jinping pointed out, ＂The socialist construction conducted by the people under the leadership of our Party is divided into two historical periods--before and after reform and opening-up. The two periods are in- terconnected, but also different from each other. However, they both essen- tially reflect the practical explorations of socialist construction conducted by the people under the leadership of the Party. Socialism with Chinese characteristics began to take shape in the new era of reform and opening- up, but it is also grounded in New China＇s 20-plus years of experience in building and carrying out the basic system of socialism... Although the two historical periods have huge dif- ferences in the guidelines, policies,展开更多
Since mining rights of coal resources(for short MRCR) could be regarded as a multi-stage compound real option,the evaluation for MRCR can be better solved using op- tion theory than the NPV.In the former research,we d...Since mining rights of coal resources(for short MRCR) could be regarded as a multi-stage compound real option,the evaluation for MRCR can be better solved using op- tion theory than the NPV.In the former research,we developed a two-factor model of evaluating MRCR when the coal spot price and convenience yield are stochastic based on option theory.On the basis of this two-factor model,we set up a three-factor model of evaluating MRCR when the interest rate followed a stochastic process.Through a real example application,we found the model can get higher values than the two-factor model and the NPV.This is because considering the volatility of interest rate can improve the executive opportunity of MRCR.展开更多
In accordance with the canonical sources of the right of legal claim,the targets of judicial review,and the intensity of judicial review intervention policies,lawsuits that directly and indirectly activate the functio...In accordance with the canonical sources of the right of legal claim,the targets of judicial review,and the intensity of judicial review intervention policies,lawsuits that directly and indirectly activate the function of human rights protection amid climate risks can be divided into the following categories:climate change lawsuits based on international human rights law,climate change lawsuits based on the domestic constitution,and judicial review of administrative procedures.Due to the singularity of the legal status and force of international human rights law,its“direct applicability”and“explanatory applicability”limit its function in protecting human rights;Climate change lawsuits based on domestic constitutions have the identification of basic right of claim,the judgment of basic rights and function,and the scope of state obligations as the judgment process.Factors such as the difficulty in right typification caused by the integration of climate law and interests,the expansion of discretionary and administrative power in legislation under the context of risk prevention,and the functional boundary of the judicial system cause the dysfunction of the dichotomous review standard of positive rights and negative rights.Procedural rights represent an important dimension of climate-related human rights.With the standardization of administrative procedures on addressing climate risks,the courts are gradually reinforcing decision-making authorities’obligation of due diligence through judicial review of risk decision-making procedures,thus indirectly guaranteeing the realization of tangible human rights.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Congenital transverse deficiencies are horizontal deficiencies of the long bones that occur with a reported incidence as high 0.38%.They can occur alone or represent a manifestation of a various clinical syndromes.Diagnosis has tradi-tionally comprised of conventional radiography and prenatal imaging studies.There has been much advancement regarding prenatal imaging modalities to allow for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.AIM To summarize the current state of knowledge on congenital transverse limb deficiencies and to provide an update regarding the radiographic evaluation of congenital transverse limb deficiencies.METHODS This IRB-exempt scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR checklist for scoping reviews strictly.Five search engines were searched for a total of 265 publications.Four authors reviewed these during the screening process.Of these,51 studies were included in our article.Prenatal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),3D Ultrasound,and multidetector Computed tomography(CT)exist are emerging modalities that have the potential to improve diagnosis.RESULTS Use of the appropriate classification system,three-dimensional ultrasonography with a maximum intensity projection,and appropriate use of prenatal MRI and prenatal CT can improve diagnosis and inter-provider communication.CONCLUSION Further scholarly efforts are required to develop improve standardized guidelines regarding the pre-natal radiographic evaluation of congenital limb deficiencies.
文摘目的对医患沟通的临床实践指南进行方法学和报告质量评价,以期确定高质量指南,提供临床参考。方法通过检索MEDLINE(PubMed)、Web of Science、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台、维普(VIP),补充医脉通、用药助手、丁香园网站的相关临床实践指南(CPG),使用AGREEⅡ和RIGHT工具进行指南质量评价,采用组内相关系数(ICC)用于评估评审者对每个项目理解的一致性。结果共纳入2份临床实践指南,每个领域的评审人员的总体一致性是可以接受的。AGREEⅡ评价结果显示,2篇指南推荐级别均为B级,CPG所有7个领域的平均报告率为50.64%,其中领域1最高(88.89%),领域3最低(30.95%)。RIGHT评价结果显示,指南平均报告率为29.22%。结论医患沟通相关指南质量与数量仍有待提高,指南制订者应严格按照AGREEⅡ和RIGHT的要求规范撰写,以期提出高水平、高标准的循证指南,来指导医护人员的临床实践。
文摘Introduction: In developing countries, gender-based violence (GBV) is a real public health problem. In Benin, GBV affects the majority of women and girls (69%). Benin has implemented strategies and set up integrated centers for the management of violence in order to reduce cases of violence and ensure the holistic management of victims. The objective of our study was to assess the functionality of the network of sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) in case of GBV in the commune of Kpomasse in 2022. Method: This descriptive and evaluative study was conducted from March 21 to April 11, 2022. The sampling method used was non-probabilistic. Reasoned choice and convenience were the techniques used for the different targets of the study. The functionality of the SRHR service network was assessed first by calculating scores at the structure, process and outcome levels, and then by analysis using the human rights-based approach. Results: Out of the 34 GBV victims identified, only one had received a full response and 54% of the victims had no knowledge of SRHR. The lack of knowledge about health care facilities was 41% for victims and 80% for non-victims in the community who participated in the study. In the case of gender-based violence, the community preferred to settle out of court rather than report it. The functionality of the networking of sexual and reproductive health rights services in the event of the occurrence of gender-based violence in the commune of Kpomassè is insufficient. Lack of knowledge of the roles of rights holders (DD) and duty bearers (DO) explains the insufficient functionality of networking. Conclusion: Training of SRHR service agents and community sensitization are essential to improve the functionality of SRHR service networking in the commune of Kpomasse.
文摘The rights and interests value of mineral resources includes the prospecting rights value and the mining rights value. The mining rights value is made up of the min-eral resources value and the compensation value based on the inputs of capitals and labors in different exploration stage, the prospecting rights value should be equal to ex-ploration differential rent of resources. According to the stage characteristic of mineral resources exploration and development, the initial evaluating methods and models are used to evaluate the prospecting rights and mining rights value.
文摘Recently, when evaluating the achievements China has made during the his- torical periods before and after reform and opening-up, Chinese President Xi Jinping pointed out, ＂The socialist construction conducted by the people under the leadership of our Party is divided into two historical periods--before and after reform and opening-up. The two periods are in- terconnected, but also different from each other. However, they both essen- tially reflect the practical explorations of socialist construction conducted by the people under the leadership of the Party. Socialism with Chinese characteristics began to take shape in the new era of reform and opening- up, but it is also grounded in New China＇s 20-plus years of experience in building and carrying out the basic system of socialism... Although the two historical periods have huge dif- ferences in the guidelines, policies,
文摘Since mining rights of coal resources(for short MRCR) could be regarded as a multi-stage compound real option,the evaluation for MRCR can be better solved using op- tion theory than the NPV.In the former research,we developed a two-factor model of evaluating MRCR when the coal spot price and convenience yield are stochastic based on option theory.On the basis of this two-factor model,we set up a three-factor model of evaluating MRCR when the interest rate followed a stochastic process.Through a real example application,we found the model can get higher values than the two-factor model and the NPV.This is because considering the volatility of interest rate can improve the executive opportunity of MRCR.
文摘In accordance with the canonical sources of the right of legal claim,the targets of judicial review,and the intensity of judicial review intervention policies,lawsuits that directly and indirectly activate the function of human rights protection amid climate risks can be divided into the following categories:climate change lawsuits based on international human rights law,climate change lawsuits based on the domestic constitution,and judicial review of administrative procedures.Due to the singularity of the legal status and force of international human rights law,its“direct applicability”and“explanatory applicability”limit its function in protecting human rights;Climate change lawsuits based on domestic constitutions have the identification of basic right of claim,the judgment of basic rights and function,and the scope of state obligations as the judgment process.Factors such as the difficulty in right typification caused by the integration of climate law and interests,the expansion of discretionary and administrative power in legislation under the context of risk prevention,and the functional boundary of the judicial system cause the dysfunction of the dichotomous review standard of positive rights and negative rights.Procedural rights represent an important dimension of climate-related human rights.With the standardization of administrative procedures on addressing climate risks,the courts are gradually reinforcing decision-making authorities’obligation of due diligence through judicial review of risk decision-making procedures,thus indirectly guaranteeing the realization of tangible human rights.
