On the Criminal Law Protection of the Marine Ecological Environment

With the continuous and rapid development of the country’s economy and society,it has greatly promoted the leap of the marine economy and brought more severe challenges and tests to the protection of marine ecological environment.How to effectively measure the criminal law protection of the marine ecological environment and take effective measures Measures to deepen the effects of marine ecological environmental protection have become one of the focus topics of widespread concern in the industry.Based on this,this article first introduces the protection of marine ecological interests in China’s criminal law,analyzes the necessity of adjusting the ecological environment in criminal law,and discusses the deficiencies in China’s marine legal system and combines relevant practical experience to improve the marine environment.Various angles and aspects,such as laws and regulations related to resource crimes,put forward the basic approach to strengthen the criminal law protection of the marine ecological environment,and hope to help the practice of related work.

On the Criminal Protection of the Right to Education of Chinese Citizens——With a Review on Article 32 of the Amendment to the Criminal Law(Ⅺ)

The Amendment(Ⅺ)to the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China responds to the institutional needs of civic education,and supplements the clause of the Criminal Law on protection of citizens’right to education nuy means of Article 32.Imposing legal responsibility in the form of internal punishments,administrative punishments,and economic compensation have failed to prevent infringements on citizens’right to education.Its role as a"secondary protection law"is the conceptual obstacle that hinders the Criminal Law from effectively intervening in the field of citizens’right to education.The equivalence between the legal interests of people to the right to education and the rights protected by the existing charges in the Criminal Law is the legitimate basis for it to intervene in disputes over the right to education.Based on Article 32 of the Amendment(Ⅺ)to the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China,it is suggested to further clarify the prepositional law,improve the liability provisions for the right to education,change the modest and restrained view of the Criminal Law regarding protection of the right to education,and expand the behavior types of Article 32 provided in the Amendment(Ⅺ)in due time.

Rule by Criminal Law is a Seismograph for the Protection of Human Rights

Criminal law involves crucial rights of the public,including property rights,political rights,freedom,and even life.As a result,on the one hand,any change to the rule by criminal law may have a significant impact on people’s lives;on the other hand,any change to the rule by criminal law is a highly sensitive issue.In view of these points,the rule by criminal law is often referred to as the seismograph for the protection of human rights,indicating the utmost importance of rule by criminal law

Specific Issues of Criminal Protection in the Field of Genetics:International and Spanish Experience

Background:Methods for combining cloning techniques with genetic engineering techniques(gene manipulation)are currently being developed in order to enhance predetermined biological or mental characteristics.Admissibility of conducting research on human embryos is justified by the fact that it will help to improve the human species and free it from serious diseases.However,two competing rights stand in the way of legality of this practice.On the one hand,the right of a human embryo to development and life.On the other hand,the right of mankind to use all scientific means to fight more effectively against diseases and to receive organs and tissues for transplantation to improve the quality of life.Some researchers believe that human life,if regarded as a moral value,cannot be absolute.Aims and Objectives:This paper examines the relevant legislation on both international and national levels and the Spanish doctrine in terms of defining acts against genetics and evaluating effectiveness to criminalize them in order to ensure the balance between medical ethics and community best interests.Materials and Methods:This study is a description paper on gene-manipulation regulation in Spain,the EU and worldwide.It is based primarily on genetic,systematic-functional and systematization methods with regard to special legal ones.Results and Conclusion:There is a wide of international,supranational and national acts that governs gene manipulation and secures society from illegal actions.Still,there are vague issues to revise either by enacting amendments or referencing to doctrine.The perfect way to ensure community interests is to elaborate both.