By one-dimensional Vlasov-Poisson simulation, the critical initial state marking the transition between the Landau scenario, in which the electric fields definitively damped to zero and the O＇NEIL scenario, in which ...By one-dimensional Vlasov-Poisson simulation, the critical initial state marking the transition between the Landau scenario, in which the electric fields definitively damped to zero and the O＇NEIL scenario, in which the Landau damping is stopped after a certain damping stage, is studied. It is found that the critical initial amplitude e＊ can only exist when the product of the wave number （k~） and the electron thermal velocity （vth） is moderate, that is, 0.2 〈 k^vth 〈 0.7. Otherwise, no critical initial amplitude is found. The value c＊ increases with the increase in km for a fixed Vth, and also increases with the increase in Vth for a fixed kin. When kmVth is fixed, the value s＊ also changes with the wave number and the electron thermal velocity, even though the damping rate and the oscillation frequency are the same in this case.展开更多
The dynamic frictional behaviors of natural discontinuities(joints,fractures,faults)play an important role in geohazards assessment;however,the mechanisms of the dynamic fault weakening/strengthening are still unclear...The dynamic frictional behaviors of natural discontinuities(joints,fractures,faults)play an important role in geohazards assessment;however,the mechanisms of the dynamic fault weakening/strengthening are still unclear.In this paper,a dynamic shear box was used to perform direct shear tests on saw-cut(planar)and natural(rough)granite fractures,with different normal load oscillation amplitudes.Based on the recorded shear forces and normal displacements,the shear forces,apparent friction coefficients and normal displacements are found to change periodically with oscillated normal loads and are characterized by a series of time shifts.The observed changing patterns are similar for the rough and planar fractures.Compared with the test data under constant normal load(CNL),small/large normal load oscillation amplitude enhances/reduces the peak shear strength,with a critical point.The magnitude of critical normal load oscillation for the rough fractures is smaller than the planer fractures.The results imply that dynamic fault weakening/strengthening can be achieved by both normal load oscillation amplitudes and slip surface topography.The rough fractures with larger normal oscillation amplitude can easily cause frictional weakening under stress disturbance.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.11147025, 10947108, 11075105)the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2009GB105002)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China (No.Q2008A05)the Foundation of Qufu Normal University of China (No.BSQD09011)
文摘By one-dimensional Vlasov-Poisson simulation, the critical initial state marking the transition between the Landau scenario, in which the electric fields definitively damped to zero and the O＇NEIL scenario, in which the Landau damping is stopped after a certain damping stage, is studied. It is found that the critical initial amplitude e＊ can only exist when the product of the wave number （k~） and the electron thermal velocity （vth） is moderate, that is, 0.2 〈 k^vth 〈 0.7. Otherwise, no critical initial amplitude is found. The value c＊ increases with the increase in km for a fixed Vth, and also increases with the increase in Vth for a fixed kin. When kmVth is fixed, the value s＊ also changes with the wave number and the electron thermal velocity, even though the damping rate and the oscillation frequency are the same in this case.
基金the funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51904359)the Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology (Grant No. 2019ZT08G090)the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology (CUMT) (Grant No. SKLCRSM20KF002)
文摘The dynamic frictional behaviors of natural discontinuities(joints,fractures,faults)play an important role in geohazards assessment;however,the mechanisms of the dynamic fault weakening/strengthening are still unclear.In this paper,a dynamic shear box was used to perform direct shear tests on saw-cut(planar)and natural(rough)granite fractures,with different normal load oscillation amplitudes.Based on the recorded shear forces and normal displacements,the shear forces,apparent friction coefficients and normal displacements are found to change periodically with oscillated normal loads and are characterized by a series of time shifts.The observed changing patterns are similar for the rough and planar fractures.Compared with the test data under constant normal load(CNL),small/large normal load oscillation amplitude enhances/reduces the peak shear strength,with a critical point.The magnitude of critical normal load oscillation for the rough fractures is smaller than the planer fractures.The results imply that dynamic fault weakening/strengthening can be achieved by both normal load oscillation amplitudes and slip surface topography.The rough fractures with larger normal oscillation amplitude can easily cause frictional weakening under stress disturbance.
