Natural vibration and critical velocity of translating Timoshenko beam with non-homogeneous boundaries

In most practical engineering applications,the translating belt wraps around two fixed wheels.The boundary conditions of the dynamic model are typically specified as simply supported or fixed boundaries.In this paper,non-homogeneous boundaries are introduced by the support wheels.Utilizing the translating belt as the mechanical prototype,the vibration characteristics of translating Timoshenko beam models with nonhomogeneous boundaries are investigated for the first time.The governing equations of Timoshenko beam are deduced by employing the generalized Hamilton's principle.The effects of parameters such as the radius of wheel and the length of belt on vibration characteristics including the equilibrium deformations,critical velocities,natural frequencies,and modes,are numerically calculated and analyzed.The numerical results indicate that the beam experiences deformation characterized by varying curvatures near the wheels.The radii of the wheels play a pivotal role in determining the change in trend of the relative difference between two beam models.Comparing the results unearths that the relative difference in equilibrium deformations between the two beam models is more pronounced with smaller-sized wheels.When the two wheels are of equal size,the critical velocities of both beam models reach their respective minima.In addition,the relative difference in natural frequencies between the two beam models exhibits nonlinear variation and can easily exceed 50%.Furthermore,as the axial velocities increase,the impact of non-homogeneous boundaries on modal shape of translating beam becomes more significant.Although dealing with non-homogeneous boundaries is challenging,beam models with non-homogeneous boundaries are more sensitive to parameters,and the differences between the two types of beams undergo some interesting variations under the influence of non-homogeneous boundaries.

Critical flicker frequency for diagnosis and assessment of recovery from minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis

BACKGROUND:Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) impairs quality of life and predicts overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in cirrhotic patients.Diagnosis of MHE requires cumbersome tests.Lactulose is effective in the treatment of MHE.This study aimed to evaluate the use of critical flicker frequency (CFF) for the diagnosis of MHE in cirrhotic patients after treatment.METHODS:One hundred and ten patients were evaluated by psychometry (number connection tests A,B or figure connection tests A,B),P300 auditory event related potential (P300ERP),venous ammonia,and CFF for MHE.MHE was diagnosed by abnormal psychometry (>2SD age matched controls) and P300ERP.MHE patients were treated with lactulose for one month.Response was defined by normalization (<2SD of matched controls) of both psychometry and P300ERP.RESULTS:Of the 110 patients [Child Turcott Pugh score A:B:C 39:42:29,(age 41.6±11.6 years,M:F 82:28)],75 (68%) had abnormal results of psychometric tests,and 74 (67%) had prolonged P300ERP.Fifteen (20%) patients with abnormal results of psychometric tests had normal P300ERP.Thus sixty (54.5%) patients were diagnosed as having MHE.After treatment for one month,34 (57%) recovered while 26 (43%) continued to have abnormal resents of psychometric or P300ERP tests.CFF was <39 Hz in 72 (65.4%) patients before treatment and in 20 (33.3%) after treatment.CFF sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and diagnostic accuracy for the assessment of recovery of MHE were 65%,91%,85%,77% and 80%,respectively.CONCLUSION:CFF is a simple,relatively reliable,and accurate test without any dependence on age or literacy in the diagnosis and assessment of recovery of patients with MHE.

Variability of the Critical Frequency foF2 for Equatorial Regions during Solar Cycle’s Minima and Maxima at Ouagadougou and Manila Stations

In this paper we report on the foF2 variabilities for two equatorial regions (Ouagadougou: Lat. 12.4°N;Long. 358.5°E, Dip. 1.43°S;and Manila: Lat. 14°36'15.12''N;Long. 120°58'55.92''E;Dip. 0.6°S) during solar cycles 20 and 21 minima and maxima phases. Many previous works have argued on the diurnal and seasonal variation of foF2 for different solar events conditions for latitudinal position. But there are few investigations for Africa equatorial region longitudinal variation. The present paper’s goal is to outline possible similarity in foF2 behavior between variations for better understanding of physical process lead to some observed phenomenon in Asia-Africa equatorial sector. The F-layer critical frequency (foF2) data observed from the two equatorial ionosonde stations have been used for the present comparative study. The results show significant similarity between the critical frequency (foF2) seasonal variations over the time intervals 1976-1996. During day-time measured data from Manila station are higher than those from Ouagadougou station. That may lie in that Manila is closer to equatorial ionization crest region. During solar minimum phase, the longitudinal variation of foF2 shows two crossing points (11:00 UT and 22:00 UT) between the foF2 profiles form the two stations for all seasons regardless of the solar cycle. However during intense solar activity condition, the number of crossing-point between measured data from Manila and Ouagadougou stations varies by seasons and solar cycle. This phenomenon may be due to the compilations of severe activities (storms, coronal mass ejection, heliosheet fluctuations) during the solar maximum phases.

Annual and Diurnal Variabilities in the Critical Frequency (foF2) during Geomagnetic Fluctuating Activity over Solar Cycles 21 and 22 at Ouagadougou

Geomagnetic activity is characterized by four solar wind conditions. Each condition has specific impact on ionosphere. This paper review on fluctuating activity effects on ionosphere F2 layer through its critical frequency foF2 variations. Under fluctuating wind conditions, we have investigated on annual, diurnal and seasonal variations of foF2 during solar cycles 21 and 22 phases covered by Ouagadougou ionosonde station data (Lat: 12.5&#176N;Long: 358.5&#176E;dip: 1.43&#176). Our investigations show that foF2 annual’ variability is in phase with solar cycle. The diurnal variation is “noon bite out” most of the time except for the solar maximum where we have a morning peak testifying to the fact that the vertical drift E × B is disturbed. The seasonal variations show that the fluctuating activity has no particular effect on certain characteristics of the equatorial ionosphere such as electrojet and vertical drift E × B. However, the increase of the electric field pre-reversal phenomenon in autumn is a characteristic effect observed during the fluctuating activity.

Electron Bulk Surface Density Effect on Critical Frequency in the F2-Layer

Ionosphere layer is the atmosphere region which reflects radio waves for telecommunication. The density in particles in this layer influences the quality of communication. This study deals with the effects of Total Electron Contents (TEC) on the critical frequency of radio waves in the F2-layer. Total Electron Contents parameter symbolizes electron bulk surface density in ionosphere layer. Above critical frequency value in F2 layer (foF2), radio waves pass through ionosphere. The knowledge of this value enables to calibrate transmission frequencies. In this study, we consider TEC effects on foF2 under quiet time conditions during the maximum and the minimum of solar cycle 22, at Ouagadougou station, in West Africa. The study also considers the effects of seasons and the hourly variability of TEC and foF2. This work shows winter anomaly on foF2 and TEC on minimum and maximum of solar cycle phase respectively. Running International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model enables to carry out the effects of TEC on foF2 by use of their monthly average values. This leads to a new approach to calibrate radio transmitters.

Method of Detection Abnormal Features in Ionosphere Critical Frequency Data on the Basis of Wavelet Transformation and Neural Networks Combination

The research is focused on the development of automatic detection method of abnormal features, that occur in recorded time series of ionosphere critical frequency fOF2 during periods of high solar or seismic activity. The method is based on joint application of wavelet-transformation and neural networks. On the basis of wavelet transformation algorithms for the detection of features and estimation of their parameters were developed. Detection and analysis of characteristic components of time series are performed on the basis of joint application of wavelet transformation and neural networks. Method's approbation is performed on fOF2 data obtained at the observatory “Paratunka” (Paratunka settlement, Kamchatskiy Kray).

Analysis of Speeds of Cylinders of Saw Gins and Linters and Determination of Critical Frequencies for them

With an increase in the density of the seed roll in the roll box of the saw gin, the quality indicators of the fiber and seed are poor, energy consumption increases, machine breakdowns increase, and when the density decreases, the performance of the saw gin increases. Therefore, the density control of the seed roll is one of the important problems in the ginning process. The paper proposes a change in the rotation speed of the saw cylinder with a decrease in the diameter of its numerical linear speed and machine productivity. The article describes the problem of regulating the density of a seed roll in a saw gin of the DP series, provides an overview of work on regulating the operation of the machine, determines the dependence of the productivity of gins and linters on the state of the saw system in these machines, as well as changes in the linear speed of the saw by changing its diameter. Also, the critical speed of the gin and linter saw cylinder was determined to prevent resonance. In this case, the Simulation package of the SolidWorks computer program was used. The results of the study made it possible to adjust the speed of the cylinders when changing the diameter of the saws, which improved the productivity of the machine while maintaining the quality of the fiber and seed.

EFFECT OF THE GUIDES ON THE LOWEST CRITICAL ROTATIONAL FREQUENCIES OF CIRCULAR SAW

The effects of the location,number and stiffness of guide pads on the lowest critical rotational frequencies of the rotating circular saw damped at the inside and free at the perimeter are discussed by the non linear theory and the perturbation theory of structural vibration analysis The influence of the centrifugal force and the cutting temperature are considered in the course of the analysis The results of the analysis and the calculation show that the introduction of one guide does not stably raise critical rotational frequencies of the circular saw The two guides can raise lowest critical rotational frequency of the circular saw when the angle between the two guides fixed on the direction of the circumference satisfies the certain conditions

Free vibration and critical speed of moderately thick rotating laminated composite conical shell using generalized differential quadrature method

The generalized differential quadrature method （GDQM） is employed to con- sider the free vibration and critical speed of moderately thick rotating laminated compos- ite conical shells with different boundary conditions developed from the first-order shear deformation theory （FSDT）. The equations of motion are obtained applying Hamilton＇s concept, which contain the influence of the centrifugal force, the Coriolis acceleration, and the preliminary hoop stress. In addition, the axial load is applied to the conical shell as a ratio of the global critical buckling load. The governing partial differential equations are given in the expressions of five components of displacement related to the points ly- ing on the reference surface of the shell. Afterward, the governing differential equations are converted into a group of algebraic equations by using the GDQM. The outcomes are achieved considering the effects of stacking sequences, thickness of the shell, rotating velocities, half-vertex cone angle, and boundary conditions. Furthermore, the outcomes indicate that the rate of the convergence of frequencies is swift, and the numerical tech- nique is superior stable. Three comparisons between the selected outcomes and those of other research are accomplished, and excellent agreement is achieved.

Critical velocity and dynamic respondency of pipe conveying fluid

Presents the calculation of critical velocity, natural frequency and dynamic respondency of fluid conveying pipe are calculated under different boundary conditions using finite element method, and the use of calculation results to design and research rocket pipes feeding fuel and watery turbine pipes conveying water etc.

The theory of critical flicker fusion frequency and its application in cataracts

Background:Due to media opacity,it is usually difficult to accurately evaluate the postoperative visual acuity in cataracts patients.As a small and portable tool,the critical flicker fusion frequency(CFF)device reflects the temporal resolution of visual function and has been widely used in clinical research.However,poor understanding of the technique and equipment limitations have restricted its clinical application in China.Main text:There was a decrease in the CFF value in various ophthalmic diseases,indicating that the CFF is sensitive to detect visual functional changes.A number of studies have shown that the CFF test can accurately distinguish patients with simple cataracts from those with cataracts combined with fundus disease,and,as a visual test,it can more accurately predict postoperative visual acuity without being affected by media opacity.This study comprehensive reviews the basic principles of CFF and its application in ophthalmology,especially in cataracts.Conclusions:As one of the tools for dynamic visual function detection,the CFF test could help doctors to assess the possible presence of fundus disease in cataracts patients,especially in eyes with dense cataracts,and more precisely provide a reasonable visual prognosis than other available visual tests.

The December 26, 2004, off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia, M_W=9.0, earthquake and the critical-point-like model of earthquake preparation

Long-term seismic activity prior to the December 26, 2004, off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia, MW=9.0 earthquake was investigated using the Harvard CMT catalogue. It is observed that before this great earth-quake, there exists an accelerating moment release (AMR) process with the temporal scale of a quarter century and the spatial scale of 1 500 km. Within this spatial range, the MW=9.0 event falls into the piece-wise power-law-like frequency-magnitude distribution. Therefore, in the perspective of the critical-point-like model of earthquake preparation, the failure to forecast/predict the approaching and/or the size of this earthquake is not due to the physically intrinsic unpredictability of earthquakes.

基于深度卷积神经网络的频高图特征提取研究

本文提出了一种利用深度卷积神经网络的频高图特征提取方法,在频高图不同层回波信息标记的基础上,构建包含降采样部分和上采样部分的频高图回波识别网络模型,实现了频高图不同回波信息自动识别.利用试验获取的频高图数据,通过人工对频高图中电离层不同层的回波信息分别标记,生成网络模型样本数据集.以随机方式,选取样本数据集80%的数据作为训练数据,其余数据作为测试数据.经网络模型训练和测试,结果显示网络模型能够自动有效地识别测试频高图中不同层的回波信息.在此基础上,结合数字图像处理中的腐蚀算法和连通域思想,针对性地设计滤波器,滤除已识别回波信息中的噪声、干扰、多跳回波,能够实现测试频高图特征参数的有效提取.并且通过与传统方法比较,该方法特征提取精度整体上优于传统方法,可为频高图特征的自动、精确提取提供一种新的技术方法.

梯度多孔金属材料梁的屈曲和屈曲基础上的振动

为研究梯度多孔金属材料梁的屈曲以及屈曲附近的振动特性,首先建立了随从分布压力下梯度多孔材料梁的动力学控制方程,得到了描述后屈曲的静态控制微分方程和描述屈曲前后振动响应的控制方程。通过打靶法数值求解两组强非线性方程,获得了简支-固支梯度多孔梁的屈曲临界载荷以及屈曲前后振动频率与载荷之间的关系曲线。分析了孔隙率系数和孔隙分布方式对屈曲临界载荷和屈曲前后振动频率的影响。结果表明,随着孔隙率系数e 0的增加,发生屈曲时的临界载荷减小;各阶固有频率也减小。屈曲前,各阶振动频率随载荷增大而减小,屈曲后,除三阶频率外,一阶和二阶频率随载荷增大而增大。

基于人工神经网络的东亚电离层临界频率f_(o)F2长期变化趋势

利用人工神经网络对东亚中纬地区电离层台站观测的F2层临界频率f_(o)F2进行长期趋势研究.用F107、Ap、地方时(Local Time,LT)、月份(Month)作为输入神经元,分别表示太阳活动、地磁活动、日变化和季节变化;用f_(o)F2的月中值作为输出神经元,通过训练网络获取f_(o)F2预测值,对预测值和观测值进行计算和处理,得到东亚中纬地区f_(o)F2长期变化趋势.结果表明:人工神经网络的方法较常用的回归方法能更有效地消除地磁活动对f_(o)F2的影响;这些站点的f_(o)F2随着年份的增长存在明显的长期负趋势,无明显的日变化和统一季节变化性.这对于全球电离层结构和运动变化规律,全球电离层经验模型构建和同化以及电离层特征参数和结构预测具有重要意义.

基于整机耦合动力学模型的主轴承故障传递路径分析

针对航空发动机主轴承故障频发,亟需完善主轴承故障早期诊断的技术,开展了主轴承故障传递路径的研究,基于航空发动机整机耦合动力学模型,利用所建立的主轴承外圈剥落故障动力学模型,对该型航空发动机3^(#)和4^(#)支点的主轴承(中介轴承)外圈剥落故障进行动力学仿真并进行了故障特征分析。主轴承故障传递路径上各测点的特征频率表明:在航空发动机慢车、暖机和最大转速状态下,3^(#)支点轴承外圈剥落故障在轴承座和中介机匣测点上的故障特征均比较清晰,从轴承座到中介机匣测点的特征频率振动值分别衰减了99.5%,99.8%和99.7%,从中介机匣到进气机匣和涡轮机匣的振动值衰减则均不到90%;4^(#)支点中介轴承外圈剥落故障的特征频率几乎不能传递到机匣,难以从机匣测点中捕捉其故障特征频率。

基于遥感影像的上荆江典型洲滩植被适宜区分布特征研究

江心洲滩是长江中游河漫滩重要组成部分,厘清洲滩上植被生长适宜区域的分布特征,以及这些区域所应满足的淹没频率临界条件,是生态护滩规划设计和三峡建库后洲滩植被变化预测的重要前提。本文选取上荆江关洲和突起洲分别作为卵石夹沙和沙质型洲滩的典型代表,基于Landsat遥感影像提取了1986—2002年的长时序洲滩淹水范围和植被信息,改进并利用水文特性与影像数据相结合的方法计算了滩面上不同位置的淹没频率和植被频率,分析了二者间的响应规律,确定了植被生长适宜区对应的淹没率条件。研究结果表明:两类洲滩上都存在低、高植被频率区像元相对集中,而中等植被频率区像元较为分散的规律,根据植被频率分布特征,可将滩面区域划分为高频次植被覆盖区、中频次植被覆盖区、过渡区和不适宜区,各区之间的植被频率临界值分别为80%、50%、20%;滩面不同位置的淹没频率是影响植被频率的主导因素,从长时期平均来看两类洲滩上的淹没频率-植被频率响应关系符合统一的Logistic曲线,根据该曲线可确定出各区域的临界淹没条件分别为年均18 d、43 d、92 d。在年均淹没天数大于92 d的区域内,随着淹没天数增加,植被频率迅速减少至10%以下。本文的方法和认识可为三峡建库后坝下游洲滩植被演替趋势预测提供参考。

融合电离层参数相似特征的f_(0)F_(2)参数深度学习预测方法

电离层临界频率f_(0)F_(2)参数是重要的电离层参数之一,开展f_(0)F_(2)参数预测具有重要的研究意义和应用价值.提出了一种融合f_(0)F_(2)参数变化特性的深度学习预测方法,采用双向长短时记忆神经网络(BiLSTM)和电离层参数相似特征相结合的模型实现电离层临界频率f_(0)F_(2)参数提前24 h预测.结果表明,BiLSTM结合电离层参数相似特征模型预测f_(0)F_(2)参数的平均相对误差在8%~10%.对不同纬度的探测站的f_(0)F_(2)参数预测结果表明,随着纬度降低,预测难度和误差都会增大,预测精度降低.对地磁暴期间的f_(0)F_(2)参数预测结果分析发现,地磁暴期间的预测效果会受到一定程度的干扰,预测误差增大.在地磁暴期间,相比长短时记忆神经网络(LSTM)模型和BiL-STM模型,BiLSTM结合电离层参数相似特征模型对于f_(0)F_(2)参数的预测效果更优.

2024年5月8日至16日太阳风暴对电离层影响及效应分析

太阳风暴会造成地球电离层剧烈扰动,影响导航定位性能.本文针对2024-05-08—16太阳风暴期间发生的电离层扰动事件,分析了东、西半球不同纬度台站的电离层总电子含量(total electron content,TEC)、电离层TEC变化率、电离层F_(2)层临界频率、卫星导航单点定位误差等.分析认为:电离层向日面会对X射线耀斑发生响应,但是扰动主要来源是太阳风南向磁场能量注入引起的地磁暴;太阳风暴期间电离层顶部和底部的响应并不是同步的;卫星导航单点定位误差在太阳风暴期间会有明显增大,尤其在垂直方向会增大至±10 m,且在电离层暴恢复相期间会持续存在,并随电离层状态趋于平静呈逐渐减弱趋势.

基于频谱特征自适应采样的傅里叶单像素成像方法

傅里叶单像素成像(Fourier single-pixel imaging,FSI)中成像效率的提升主要借助优化重构算法和采样方法来实现,但在采样次数有限的情况下,FSI无法准确采样关键频率,导致成像质量差。为解决这一问题,提出一种频谱特征自适应采样策略。首先,研究傅里叶域中能量的集中程度,以此确定低频等距预采样的最优半径。进一步,通过预采样低频分量估计关键频谱位置的方式,测量相应的傅里叶系数,最终实现图像重构。与基于高频方向能量连续性的自适应采样方法相比,该方法可以针对不同频谱特征目标,自适应选择较优采样路径,获取关键傅里叶系数,进而改善成像质量,其峰值信噪比提高2.28 dB,结构相似度提高15.83%。因此,该方法在应对FSI对未知特征目标进行成像时,具有高效空间信息采集的优点,有望在单像素快速实时成像中得到应用。