基于云模型的地铁站点与常规公交衔接换乘评价

为了识别地铁站点与常规公交线路衔接换乘存在的换乘效率低等问题,提高城市公共交通系统运行效率和服务水平,促进城市公共交通可持续发展以及响应公众需求和监督,需要对地铁站点与常规公交衔接换乘进行全面系统评价.基于便利性、可靠性、可达性、通畅性及舒适度等5个维度15个指标,建立地铁站点与常规公交的衔接换乘评价指标体系;选取CRITIC(criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation)方法对指标进行客观赋权,采用云模型生成基于基本算法的评价标准云和结果云,评价结果通过云的数字特征和云图直观展现,进而对识别出的问题和不足采取相应改进措施.以中国青岛市主城区45个地铁站点与常规公交衔接换乘为案例进行评价,结果表明,衔接换乘综合评价等级为“中等”,准则层(便利性、可靠性、可达性、通畅性和舒适度)的衔接换乘评价等级均为“中等”以上,基本符合青岛市主城区地铁站点与常规公交衔接换乘的特点,验证了评价模型的有效性和合理性.评价结果有助于优化公共交通资源配置,提高城市交通系统的整体运行效率,缓解城市交通拥堵.

基于环境—经济—策略框架的我国省级气候变化适应性评价研究

在全球气候变化背景下,如何评估和界定区域对气候的适应性已成为实现可持续发展的重点内容。论文在审视相关研究进展的基础上,指出了当前气候适应评价领域的薄弱环节;通过梳理现有的评价指标因子,构建了基于环境—经济—策略框架的我国省级气候变化适应性评价指标体系;运用CRITIC权重法计算34个二级指标因子权重,得出了2005—2020年我国31个省份的气候变化适应性能力,并将其划分为Ⅰ至Ⅳ级水平;最后,基于适应性结果排名综合分析了不同区域的时空特征。研究结果表明,我国省级气候适应性总体处于Ⅱ、Ⅲ级水平且呈波动上升趋势;不同省域的适应性呈现明显的“南强北弱”特征;东部沿海和长江经济带的适应性明显优于其他地区,其中东部沿海尤为突出,其他地区呈现西北—中部—东北低适应性的“V”字型格局。

基于博弈论-可拓云模型的养老机构消防安全韧性评估

为评估养老机构消防安全韧性水平,首次系统构建了由4个一级指标、25个二级指标组成的养老机构消防安全韧性评估指标体系。其后运用博弈论理论,综合了分别以G1法和CRITIC法计算的指标权重,构建了养老机构消防安全韧性博弈论-可拓云评估模型。最后,应用该评估指标体系和模型实证研究了西安市某养老机构的消防安全韧性,得出其消防安全韧性等级为Ⅲ级(较高韧性),通过了可信度评价,且其结果与基于博弈论-物元可拓模型评估结果一致,表明该评估体系的适用性和有效可靠性,研究结果可为养老机构消防安全韧性评估提供一种新方法。

Exploring the novel role of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in phagocytosis:beyond myelinogenesis

Roles of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the central nervous system:Oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs)have long been recognized for their critical role as precursors to oligodendrocytes,the primary myelin-producing cells.As precursors,OPCs mature and differentiate into oligodendrocytes,which contribute significantly to the formation of myelin sheaths around axons.This myelination,which is critical for the conduction of salutatory nerve impulses in the cerebral white matter,underscores the classical role of oligodendrocytes in central nervous system(CNS)functionality.Importantly,because oligodendrocytes are differentiated cells that cannot proliferate.

Tilting homeostatic and dyshomeostatic microglial balance in health and disease:transforming growth factor-beta1 as a critical protagonist

Adult microglia,by continuously sensing changes in their environment and communicating with nearly all brain cell types,are considered to be the immune sentinels of the brain.In the healthy central nervous system(CNS),microglia display a unique molecular homeostatic signature(i.e.,Tmem119,P2ry12,Sall1,Siglech,Gpr34,and Hexb)(Figure 1A).

Unlocking hypoglycemia–associated brain microvascular dysfunction:critical insights from proteomic analysis

Hypoglycemia-a critical complication linked to worsened brain function in diabetic subjects:Hypoglycemia is characterized by a decline in circulatory glucose levels below sta nda rd physiological thresholds.Mild hypoglycemia,classified as level 1 hypoglycemia,is defined by blood glucose levels below 70 mg/dL and can be effectively addressed through carbohydrate intake.Severe hypoglycemia,denoted by blood glucose levels less than 54 mg/dL,poses a life-threatening risk if left untreated.Individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes undergoing insulin treatment are particularly susceptible to hypoglycemia due to impaired counterregulatory mechanisms.

Deep eutectic solvents for separation and purification applications in critical metal metallurgy:Recent advances and perspectives

Solvent extraction,a separation and purification technology,is crucial in critical metal metallurgy.Organic solvents commonly used in solvent extraction exhibit disadvantages,such as high volatility,high toxicity,and flammability,causing a spectrum of hazards to human health and environmental safety.Neoteric solvents have been recognized as potential alternatives to these harmful organic solvents.In the past two decades,several neoteric solvents have been proposed,including ionic liquids(ILs)and deep eutectic solvents(DESs).DESs have gradually become the focus of green solvents owing to several advantages,namely,low toxicity,degradability,and low cost.In this critical review,their classification,formation mechanisms,preparation methods,characterization technologies,and special physicochemical properties based on the most recent advancements in research have been systematically described.Subsequently,the major separation and purification applications of DESs in critical metal metallurgy were comprehensively summarized.Finally,future opportunities and challenges of DESs were explored in the current research area.In conclusion,this review provides valuable insights for improving our overall understanding of DESs,and it holds important potential for expanding separation and purification applications in critical metal metallurgy.

Transient extreme insulin resistance in a critically ill patient:A case report

BACKGROUND Acute hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance is common in critically ill patients,typically managed with insulin infusion.However,the occurrence of transient extreme insulin resistance(EIR)requiring exceptional high-dose insulin is rare.CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a 68-year-old woman with pneumonia who suffered an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest,subsequently developing transient EIR following a new episode of sepsis.Remarkably,insulin resistance rapidly reversed when the insulin infusion rate peaked at 960 units/hour(a total of 18224 units on that day),and it was promptly titrated down to zero upon achieving the target glucose level.CONCLUSION Exceptional high-dose insulin infusion may be required in critically ill patients with stress-related EIR,which is typically transient.Clinicians should be aware of the phenomenon and cautious to avoid hypoglycemia and fluid overload during the steep titration of high-dose insulin infusion.

Association of interleukin-6 with acute lung injury risk and disease severity in sepsis

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by a dysregulated response of the body in response to an infection that harms its tissues and organs.Interleukin-6(IL-6)is a significant component of the inflammatory response as part of the pa-thogenesis of sepsis.It aids in the development of Acute lung injury and,subse-quently,multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.This letter probes into the corre-lation between plasma IL-6 levels and the risk of developing acute lung injury and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in critically ill patients with sepsis.While it shows promising results,limitations like its observational study design,a limited sample size,a single center involvement,single-time-point measurement,and a lack of a control group restrain its cogency.The study is a big step in identifying IL-6 as a biomarker to improve patient care.

Prognostic impact of hypernatremia for septic shock patients in the intensive care unit

BACKGROUND Hypernatremia represents a significant electrolyte imbalance associated with numerous adverse outcomes,particularly in cases of intensive care unit(ICU)-acquired hypernatremia(IAH).Nevertheless,its relevance in patients with septic shock remains uncertain.AIM To identify independent risk factors and their predictive efficacy for IAH to improve outcomes in patients with septic shock.METHODS In the present retrospective single-center study,a cohort of 157 septic shock patients with concurrent hypernatremia in the ICU at The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,between August 1,2018,and May 31,2023,were analyzed.Patients were categorized based on the timing of hypernatremia occurrence into the IAH group(n=62),the non-IAH group(n=41),and the normonatremia group(n=54).RESULTS In the present study,there was a significant association between the high serum sodium concentrations,excessive persistent inflammation,immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome and chronic critical illness,while rapid recovery had an apparent association with normonatremia.Moreover,multivariable analyses revealed the following independent risk factors for IAH:Total urinary output over the preceding three days[odds ratio(OR)=1.09;95%CI:1.02–1.17;P=0.014],enteral nutrition(EN)sodium content of 500 mg(OR=2.93;95%CI:1.13–7.60;P=0.027),and EN sodium content of 670 mg(OR=6.19;95%CI:1.75–21.98;P=0.005)were positively correlated with the development of IAH.Notably,the area under the curve for total urinary output over the preceding three days was 0.800(95%CI:0.678–0.922,P=0.001).Furthermore,maximum serum sodium levels,the duration of hypernatremia,and varying sodium correction rates were significantly associated with 28-day in-hospital mortality in septic shock patients(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The present findings illustrate that elevated serum sodium level was significantly associated with a poor prognosis in septic shock patients in the ICU.It is highly recommended that hypernatremia be considered a potentially important prognostic indicator for the outcome of septic shock.

正交试验设计结合CRITIC、熵权-TOPSIS法研究复配精油对泡菜发酵过程中品质的影响

泡菜在发酵过程中易受微生物污染,柠檬精油、香茅精油和肉豆蔻精油的复配精油有良好的抑菌效果,但精油的配比对其有很大的影响。因此,该研究以正交试验设计考察不同配比的复配精油对泡菜发酵过程中品质的影响,采用CRITIC客观赋权法确定各评价指标的权重系数,结合熵权-TOPSIS综合评价,筛选出最适宜在泡菜中使用的复配精油组合。研究结果表明,复配精油的最佳配比为柠檬精油0.05 g/kg、香茅精油0.15 g/kg、肉豆蔻精油0.15 g/kg。该研究可为泡菜的绿色加工提供参考。

基于CRITIC-云模型的石化行业节能减排技术评价

为了解决石化行业节能减排技术评估体系构建尚不完善的问题,聚焦石化行业节能减排技术,从技术性能、经济效益和环境保护3方面构建评价指标体系,通过CRITIC(criteria importance though intercrieria correlation)-云模型进行评价。结果表明:石化行业75%的节能减排技术综合评分在0.6以上,其中变频器调速节能技术、蒸汽系统运行优化与节能技术、大型高参数板壳式换热技术是标杆技术;石化行业节能减排技术在成熟度、适用性、减排成本以及减排潜力上的表现存在显著差异,其中多能互补型直流微电网及抽油机节能群控系统技术与多孔表面高通量管高效换热技术在经济效益和环境效益方面亟待改进;云模型评价显示,石化行业节能减排技术整体处于“可接受级”水平,并逐步向“可宣称级”水平迈进。研究结果从技术评价视角为石化行业锚定发展节能减排技术提供了评价依据,有助于助推“双碳”目标的达成。

用Critic赋权法加权邻域粗糙集的属性约简算法

邻域粗糙集相比经典粗糙集能够处理非离散型数据和高维度数据,具有获得简化数据且不降低数据处理的能力。针对邻域粗糙集中每个属性具有相同权重,且每个属性对决策的影响程度不同的问题,提出用Critic赋权法加权邻域粗糙集的属性约简算法。使用Critic赋权法为条件属性赋权,引入加权距离函数计算邻域关系,得到加权邻域关系;构建加权邻域粗糙集,采用属性依赖度和重要度评估子集的重要性,使用等距搜索寻找最佳阈值,进行属性约简找到最优属性子集;采用UCI库中的10个数据集进行实验验证,与传统邻域粗糙集的属性约简算法的性能进行比较分析。实验结果表明:所提算法可得到最小属性约简集,并可保证约简后数据的分类准确率,具有有效性和实际应用价值。

基于EWM-CRITIC-TOPSIS模型的新疆典型自然景观评估

2021年我国启动了第三次新疆综合科学考察,为建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系、实现世界自然遗产申报与保护的目标,利用天地一体化技术进行自然景观识别,文章构建了EWM-CRITIC-TOPSIS模型对新疆15类460处典型自然景观进行评价。结果表明:①相比传统的多指标评价方法,EWM-CRITIC-TOPSIS模型减轻了单一赋权法的局限性,综合考虑了各项评价指标,在景观评估中具有良好的应用性;②分类别进行景观评估,地质地貌景观中Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ级占比分别为2.9%,30.5%,44.7%,21.9%;陆地生物景观中Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ级占比分别为1.7%,24.6%,40.0%,33.7%;Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ级湿地景观占比分别为12.2%,26.7%,52.2%,8.9%。研究可为新疆自然景观资源的保护、利用和管理提供重要依据和参考。

Anaesthesia in chronic dialysis patients:A narrative review

The provision of anaesthesia for individuals receiving chronic dialysis can be challenging.Sedation and anaesthesia are frequently managed by critical care clinicians in the intensive care unit or operating room.This narrative review summarizes the important principles of sedation and anaesthesia for individuals on long-term dialysis,with reference to the best available evidence.Topics covered include the pharmacology of anaesthetic agents,the impacts of patient characteristics upon the pre-anaesthetic assessment and critical illness,and the fundamentals of dialysis access procedures.

Forging an easier path through graduation:Improving the patient transition from paediatric to adult critical care

Adolescence and the journey to adulthood involves exciting opportunities as well as psychosocial stress for young people growing up.These normal experiences are potentially magnified for teenagers living with chronic illness or disability and their families.Advances in care have improved survival for children with a variety of serious chronic medical conditions such that many who may once have died in childhood now survive well into adulthood with ongoing morbidity.For those with highly complex needs,care is often provided at major paediatric hospitals with expertise,specially trained personnel,and resources to support young people and their families for the first decades of life.At the end of adolescence,however,it is generally appropriate and necessary for young adults and their caregivers to transition to the care of clinicians trained in the care of adults at general hospitals.While there are some well-managed models to support this journey of transition,these are often specific to certain conditions and usually do not involve intensive care.Many patients may encounter considerable challenges during this period.Difficulties may include the loss of established therapeutic relationships,a perception of austerity and reduced amenity in facilities oriented to caring for adult patients,and care by clinicians with less experience with more common paediatric conditions.In addition,there is a risk of potential conflict between clinicians and families regarding goals of care in the event of a critical illness when it occurs in a young adult with major disability and long-term health issues.These challenges present genuine opportunities to better understand the transition from paediatric to adult-based care and to improve processes that assist clinicians who support patients and families as they shift between healthcare settings.

Patients admitted in the intensive care unit after solid organ or bone marrow transplantation:Retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND Solid organ transplantation(SOT)and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)revolutionized the survival and quality of life of patients with malignant diseases,various immunologic,and metabolic disorders or those associated with a significant impairment in a patient's quality of life.AIM To investigate admission causes and treatment outcomes of patients after SOT or HSCT treated in a medical intensive care unit(ICU).METHODS We conducted a single-center,retrospective epidemiological study in the medical ICU at the University Hospital Centre Zagreb,Croatia covering the period from January 1,2018 to December 31,2023.RESULTS The study included 91 patients with either SOT[28 patients(30.8%)]or HSCT[63 patients(69.2%)].The median age was 56(43.2-64.7)years,and 60.4%of the patients were male.Patients with SOT had more comorbidities than patients after HSCT[χ^(2)(5,n=141)=18.513,P<0.001].Sepsis and septic shock were the most frequent reasons for admission,followed by acute respiratory insufficiency in patients following HSCT.Survival rate significantly differed between SOT and HSCT[χ^(2)(1,n=91)=21.767,P<0.001].ICU survival was 57%in the SOT and 12.7%in the HSCT group.The need for mechanical ventilation[χ^(2)(1,n=91)=17.081,P<0.001]and vasopressor therapy[χ^(2)(1,n=91)=36.803,P<0.001]was associated with survival.The necessity for acute renal replacement therapy did not influence patients'survival[χ^(2)(1,n=91)=0.376,P=0.54].In the subgroup of patients with infection,90%had septic shock,and the majority had positive microbiological samples,mostly Gram-negative bacteria.The ICU survival of patients with sepsis/septic shock cumulatively was 15%.The survival of SOT patients with sepsis/shock was 45%.CONCLUSION Patients with SOT or HSCT are frequently admitted to the ICU due to sepsis and septic shock.Despite advancements in critical care,the mortality rate of patients with refractory septic shock and multiorgan failure in this patient population is extremely high.Early recognition and timely ICU admittance might improve the outcome of patients,especially after HSCT.

Effect of dietary fibre on the gastrointestinal microbiota during critical illness:A scoping review

The systemic effects of gastrointestinal(GI)microbiota in health and during chronic diseases is increasingly recognised.Dietary strategies to modulate the GI microbiota during chronic diseases have demonstrated promise.While changes in dietary intake can rapidly change the GI microbiota,the impact of dietary changes during acute critical illness on the microbiota remain uncertain.Dietary fibre is metabolised by carbohydrate-active enzymes and,in health,can alter GI microbiota.The aim of this scoping review was to describe the effects of dietary fibre supplementation in health and disease states,specifically during critical illness.Randomised controlled trials and prospective cohort studies that include adults(>18 years age)and reported changes to GI microbiota as one of the study outcomes using non-culture methods,were identified.Studies show dietary fibres have an impact on faecal microbiota in health and disease.The fibre,inulin,has a marked and specific effect on increasing the abundance of faecal Bifidobacteria.Short chain fatty acids produced by Bifidobacteria have been shown to be beneficial in other patient populations.Very few trials have evaluated the effect of dietary fibre on the GI microbiota during critical illness.More research is necessary to establish optimal fibre type,doses,duration of intervention in critical illness.

Laser interaction with undercritical foams of different spatial structures

The interaction of high-power laser pulses with undercritical foams produced by different techniques but with the same average density is studied at the PALS laser facility.The spatial-temporal evolution of X-ray emission is observed using an X-ray streak camera,electron and ion temperatures are measured by X-ray spectroscopy,and hot-electron production is characterized by monochromatic X-ray imaging.Transmission of a femtosecond laser probe pulse through foams is observed in the near and far fields.In spite of large differences in pore size and foam structure,the velocity of ionization front propagation is quite similar for all the foams studied and is slower than that in a homogeneous material of the same average density.The ion temperature in the plasma behind the ionization front is a few times higher than the electron temperature.Hot-electron production in plastic foams with small pores is strongly suppressed compared with that in solid targets,whereas in foams produced by additive manufacturing,it is significantly increased to the level observed in bare copper foil targets.

Book review:Shock-Induced Chemistry by Toshimori Sekine

Shock waves,characterized by their ability to rapidly compress and heat materials,are a critical phenomenon arising from explosions,hypervelocity impacts,and high-powered lasers.These events subject materials to extreme pressure and temperature conditions,resulting in ultrafast physical and chemical transformations.Understanding the shock response of materials is essential for predicting material behavior under such conditions and for advancing applications in aerospace,advanced materials,Earth and planetary sciences,defense,and even medicine.