Comparative study on wheel-rail dynamic interactions of side-frame cross-bracing bogie and sub-frame radial bogie

Improving freight axle load is the most effective method to improve railway freight capability; based on the imported technologies of railway freight bogie, the 27 t axle load side-frame cross-bracing bogie and sub-frame radial bogie are developed in China. In order to analyze and compare dynamic interactions of the two newly developed heavy-haul freight bogies, we establish a vehi- cle-track coupling dynamic model and use numerical calculation methods for computer simulation. The dynamic performances of the two bogies are simulated separately at various conditions. The results show that at the dipped joint and straight line running conditions, the wheel-rail dynamic interactions of both bogies are basically the same, but at the curve negotiation condition, the wear and the lateral force of the side-frame cross-bracing bogie are much higher than that of the sub-frame radial bogie, and the advantages become more obvious when the curve radius is smaller. The results also indicate that the sub- frame radial bogie has better low-wheel-rail interaction characteristics.

Steel rings as seismic fuses for enhancing ductility of cross braced frames

A new remedy is proposed in this study to increase the ductility of cross-braced frames to a level comparable with ductile moment frames.The suggested system consists of one or two concentric steel rings installed in the cross-braced bay vertically.The steel rings are designed such that they fail in bending sooner than failure of the braces in compression.Then the rings act as seismic fuses with multiple bending plastic hinges.Using nonlinear static analysis,it is shown that the proposed system can be designed to behave like cross-braced frames with regard to stiffness and strength,and like special moment frames with regard to ductility.Seismic design factors for the proposed system are recommended based on nonlinear pushover and cyclic analysis studies.

Variance Reduction Technique for Estimating Value-at-Risk based on the Cross - Entropy

Value-at-Risk （VaR） estimation via Monte Carlo （MC） simulation is studied here. The variance reduction technique is proposed in order to speed up MC algorithm. The algorithm for estimating the probability of high portfolio losses （more general risk measure） based on the Cross - Entropy importance sampling is developed. This algorithm can easily be applied in any light- or heavy-tailed case without an extra adaptation. Besides, it does not loose in the performance in comparison to other known methods. A numerical study in both cases is performed and the variance reduction rate is compared with other known methods. The problem of VaR estimation using procedures for estimating the probability of high portfolio losses is also discussed.

First assessment of Noise-Equivalent Sigma-Zero in GF3-02 TOPSAR mode with sea surface wind speed retrieval

Gaofen-3-02(GF3-02)is the first C-band synthetic aperture radar(SAR)satellite with terrain observation with progressive scans of SAR(TOPSAR)imaging mode in China,which plays an essential role in marine environment monitoring.Given the weak scattering characteristics of the ocean,the system thermal noise superimposed on SAR images has significant interference,especially in cross-polarization channels.Noise-Equivalent Sigma-Zero(NESZ)is a measure of the sensitivity of the radar to areas of low backscatter.The NESZ is defined to be the scattering cross-section coefficient of an area which contributes a mean level in the image equal to the signal-independent additive noise level.For TOPSAR,NESZ exhibits the shape of the SAR scanning gain curve in the azimuth and the shape of the antenna pattern in the range.Therefore,the accurate measurement of NESZ plays a vital role in the application of spaceborne SAR sea surface cross-polarization data.This paper proposes a theoretical calculation method for the NESZ curve in GF3-02 TOPSAR mode based on SAR noise inner calibration data and the imaging algorithm.A method for correcting the error existing in the theoretical curve of NESZ is also proposed according to the relationship between sea surface backscattering and wind speed and the same characteristics of target scattering in the overlapping area of adjacent sub-swaths.According to assessment with wide-swath TOPSAR cross-polarization data,the GF3-02 TOPSAR mode has a very low thermal noise level,which is better than−33 dB at the edge of each beam,and controlled below−38 dB at the center of the beam.The two-dimensional reference curves of the NESZ of each beam are provided to the GF3-02 TOPSAR users.After discussing the relationship between normalized radar cross section(NRCS)and wind speed,we provide a formula for NRCS related to wind speed and radar incidence angle.Compared with the NRCS derived from this formula and the NESZ-subtracted NRCS of SAR images,the bias is−0.0048 dB,the Root Mean Square Error is 1.671 dB and the correlation coefficient is 0.939.

大跨度齿板连接木桁架搁栅楼盖竖向振动性能试验研究

为研究齿板连接木桁架搁栅楼盖的人致振动响应,对12m跨度齿板连接木桁架搁栅楼盖振动性能进行了足尺试验研究,分析了横撑和隔墙对木楼盖振动特性、楼盖刚度的影响,分析了单人步行荷载和自由落体冲击荷载作用下木楼盖的振动响应。结果表明:木楼盖前三阶振型符合预期,单跨木楼盖的基本自振频率在8Hz以下,低于连跨形式木楼盖的基本自振频率;安装横撑和设置隔墙都可以增加木楼盖的前三阶频率;在不同位置安装横撑均可提高木楼盖的刚度,减小木楼盖的静态挠度,均匀安装4排横撑可将楼盖中心静态挠度降低47.5%;不同方向步行荷载激励下木楼盖的振动响应略有不同,纵向行走而致的振动响应较大,横向较小,安装隔墙后木楼盖中心的振动响应能降低40%左右;木楼盖的纵向振动传递大于横向和斜向两个方向,安装隔墙有助于木楼盖振动的传递。

广州航空轮胎大科学装置主体结构设计

广州航空轮胎大科学装置作为科学试验、产业吸引的重要建筑,方案新颖奇特,为竖向及水平圆组合的造型。结构设计时,通过设置防震缝将其分割成两个独立的结构主体,同时考虑建筑造型、试验设备、超高大跨吊车等的相关需求。竖向圆为中部通高的六层钢框架-中心支撑结构,充分利用吊车支撑做成强支撑框架,减少中部30m高跃层柱的长度系数,同时充分利用建筑形体,在30m以上做成半圆柱面单层网壳结构,实现建筑效果的同时也节约了材料;水平圆为钢框架结构,针对屋面大跨楼盖,采用单向密肋实腹钢梁,钢梁截面最大高度为1.9m,以满足建筑净空和结构挠度等要求;幕墙与主体间采用桁架式铰接支座,实现外鼓幕墙造型;10台半埋式试验台基础采用灌注桩基础,并设置隔振沟以减轻动力试验对主体结构的影响。设计最终很好地实现了建筑功能及结构安全性和适用性。

煤矿工作面液压支架稳定性分析

为提高开采期间支架的稳定性,减少支架倾斜倒架现象,结合现场过断层试验及对大倾角工作面正常开采时支架的稳定性进行综合分析。通过现场应用,表明选用型号为ZZ8400/21/48,临界倾倒支护阻力为6980.81 kN、滑移支护阻力为5979.21 kN的液压支架,在开采大倾角工作面过断层期间,支架的稳定性大大提升,解决了在施工过程中支架失稳的问题。

骨水泥棒外固定支架治疗第五掌骨颈骨折的有限元分析

目的采用三维有限元数值模拟方法分析比较骨水泥棒外固定支架与交叉克氏针在力学稳定性方面的差异,为手术治疗第五掌骨颈骨折(特别是第五掌骨颈开放性骨折)提供理论依据。方法选取1名健康志愿者,采集其手腕关节的三维CT图像数据,首先利用Mimics Research 21.0、Geomagic Studio 2021软件进行三维图形数据处理,在此基础上应用Solidworks 2020软件构建第五掌骨颈骨折骨水泥棒外固定支架模型(A模型)和第五掌骨颈骨折交叉克氏针固定模型(B模型)。在ANSYS Workbench 17.0中对各模型的材料属性进行赋值、划分网格,建立三维有限元模型。最后通过在第五掌骨头远端关节面进行轴向施加和第五掌骨三点弯曲实验,计算得出两种施压方式的远端骨折块的最大位移,以此评价骨水泥棒外固定支架治疗第五掌骨颈骨折的稳定性。结果(1)轴向施压时,A模型远端骨折块的最大位移、最小位移和平均位移的值大于B模型,A模型近端骨折块的最大位移、最小位移和平均位移的值小于B模型,A模型最大相对位移、最小相对位移和平均相对位移大于B模型。(2)在三点折弯给力时,A模型远端骨折块最大位移小于B模型,远端骨折块最小位移等于B模型,近端骨折块的最大位移和最小位移的均值大于B模型,A模型最大相对位移、最小相对位移和平均相对位移大于B模型。(3)与B模型相比较,A模型的总体应力、固定物应力均明显较小。结论骨水泥棒外固定支架及克氏针交叉固定在治疗第五掌骨颈骨折方面,在轴向和纵向上的位移及总位移均未超过1 mm,差异较小;但骨水泥棒外固定支架在两种施力方式中与交叉克氏针相比应力更小,提示骨水泥棒外固定支架能提供可靠的力学稳定性。

钢-混凝土联合内支撑支护体系现场监测与分析

基于郑州市某地铁车站深基坑工程,采用现场监测和理论分析相结合的方法,通过分析桩身水平位移、桩身弯矩和支撑轴力等监测数据,研究桩撑支护体系中钢-混凝土联合内支撑的工作性状。结果表明:桩身最大水平位移出现在基坑深度约1/2位置处;桩身弯矩在基坑开挖阶段不断增大,反弯点下移,基坑开挖面以上最大弯矩绝对值约为开挖面以下相应值的2倍;采用增量法分析钢-混凝土联合内支撑支护体系时,相应桩身水平位移、桩身弯矩分布均与实测成果存在偏差。钢-混凝土联合内支撑支护体系的内力、变形分析模型应充分考虑两类支撑较大的刚度差异,特别是由于活络头滑移等使钢支撑内力进一步衰减而造成的结构内力、变形重分布。

High-speed broadband data acquisition system based on FPGA

A field-programmable gate array(FPGA)based high-speed broadband data acquisition system is designed.The system has a dual channel simultaneous acquisition function.The maximum sampling rate is 500 MSa/s and bandwidth is200 MHz,which solves the large bandwidth,high-speed signal acquisition and processing problems.At present,the data acquisition system is successfully used in broadband receiver test systems.

45t轴重ZK1-H型转向架的研制

介绍了45t轴重ZK1-H型交叉支撑转向架的技术特点、主要技术参数、主要结构、计算及试验情况。

两边连接内加劲双钢板剪力墙抗剪承载力研究

为研究两边连接内加劲双钢板剪力墙的抗剪承载力,采用ABAQUS程序进行36个不同宽高比、不同高厚比的两边连接内加劲双钢板剪力墙的有限元分析.分析结果表明,采用厚板或宽高比较大的钢板均可以使钢材达到较高的平均应力水平;峰值平均剪应力与屈服平均剪应力的比值随高厚比或宽高比变化的规律不明显,强屈比随高厚比变化介于1.17~1.21之间,随宽高比的变化介于1.16~1.21之间,平均值均为1.19;给出了宽高比为0.33~2.00、高厚比为200~750的两边连接内加劲双钢板剪力墙屈服平均剪应力计算公式;采用结构力学位移计算原理推导的理论计算公式可准确计算内加劲双钢板剪力墙的初始刚度和初始等效剪切模量.建立了两边连接内加劲双钢板剪力墙的等效交叉杆模型,验证了等效交叉杆模型可以精准地模拟不同宽高比、不同高厚比两边连接内加劲双钢板剪力墙的屈服平均剪应力和初始刚度,表明可以采用等效交叉杆模型简化两边连接内加劲双钢板剪力墙的设计与分析.

Innovative Design and Development of Simplysupported Tied Arch of Beijing-Shanghai HSR

Simply-supported tied arch is a zero-thrust arch bridge with clear structural force,large stiffness,low height,beautiful appearance and economic efficiency.In Xuzhou-Shanghai section of Beijing-Shanghai HSR,the simply-supported tied arch is systematically studied and widely applied for the first time.A total of 21 simplysupported tied arch bridges with the spans of 96 m,112 m and 128 m respectively are constructed for the route.The simply-supported tied arch is an external static and internal super-static parallel arch or basket arch of Nielsen system in structure;single-box,threechamber and equal-height prestressed concrete box girder is adopted for the tie beam;dumbbell steel pipe concrete section is adopted for the arch rib;PES(FD)low-stress anticorrosion cable body is adopted for the suspender.The rational structural form is determined by comparative study on the key technical parameters such as the layout form of suspender,rise-span ratio and arch axis alignment.This paper summarizes the optimization of simplysupported tied arch structure and looks forward to the development of bridge structure.

深基坑支护桩竖向横撑设计方案优化研究

针对深基坑支护体系中的横撑在竖直方向上的布置数量过于富余从而造成工程成本、工期以及施工难度增加的问题进行支护体系优化研究.采用朗肯土压力模型,求解支护桩内、外侧所受到的地基反力与主动土压力,对支护桩进行单元划分,建立支护桩单元水平方向平衡微分方程,利用有限差分法求解桩身在任何一种横撑布置情况下的桩身水平位移,利用Java语言编程,循环求解横撑在支护桩竖直方向上的最优布置方案.结果表明:原设计优化后,可以减少一层横撑的架设,采用在桩顶冠梁处架设一根钢支撑和距离桩顶7.43 m处架设第二根钢支撑的方案,优化后的桩身最大水平变形是原设计的0.59倍.若不减少钢支撑层数,可采用在桩顶冠梁处以及距离桩顶4.68和10.17 m处进行横撑的架设,优化后的桩身最大水平变形是原设计的45%.

无横撑六立柱半潜平台总强度研究

对无横撑六立柱半潜平台的结构强度进行研究。总结该平台的研究现状,阐述其结构总强度分析流程,介绍该类型平台总强度分析的计算工况,确定目标无横撑半潜平台的设计波参数,探讨结构重点关注区域。通过与传统四立柱平台的结构总强度计算结果相对比,分析六立柱半潜平台与四立柱半潜平台在总强度方面的差异。通过对有无横撑2种型式半潜平台结构的应力情况进行对比,分析横撑结构在该类型平台设计中应用的必要性,为无横撑半潜平台的结构设计提供参考。

跨内支撑杆及阶梯杆屈曲的一种解析法分析

针对跨内含支撑的杆和变截面阶梯杆的弹性屈曲问题,提出一种分段作屈曲分析再叠加重组的分析方法.首先在杆两端引入横向和旋转弹簧,用以模拟弹性边界条件.其次建立两端弹性约束杆屈曲方程的通用形式,并通过屈曲方程求得几种边界约束杆端部弹性刚度因子的解析表达式.最后,建立拆分杆段连接处的平衡方程和协调条件,综合杆段的屈曲方程和节点的补充刚度条件得到整个杆件的屈曲方程,从而求得临界力.本文还提出一种基于泰勒展开求解屈曲特征方程近似根的方法.算例中将本方法所得结果与既有文献和有限元软件计算结果对比,验证本方法的适用性和准确度.所提方法属于解析方法,得到简洁、严密和易用的解析公式,可为多跨结构和变截面杆件的屈曲分析提供新参考.

中欧架空输电线路铁塔交叉斜材长细比计算方法对标分析

[目的]为了有效规避由于国内外工程设计规范不同引起的设计质量问题,结合中国现行《架空输电线路杆塔结构设计技术规程》(DL/T 5486—2020)、欧洲标准《1 kV及以上架空输电线路通用规定》(EN—50341—2012),对输电线路铁塔角钢构件交叉斜材长细比计算方法进行对比分析。[方法]以工程中常见的有辅助材的交叉斜材布置型式为例,分别采用两种标准计算了其杆件长细比。[结果]研究表明:在计算交叉斜材同压时,中国标准采用计算长度修正系数来修正两根斜材的共同作用对受压构件稳定承载力的影响,欧洲标准采用验算两杆的受压稳定承载力之和大于或等于两杆所受荷载代数和的方法来保证构件的稳定承载力满足结构要求。[结论]在有辅助材的交叉斜材布置型式时,两杆同压且压力相等、两杆同压且压力不等、两杆一拉一压这3种情况下国标稳定承载力计算结果均小于欧标稳定承载力。

曲线几何参数对货车转向架曲线通过性能的影响

利用SIMPACK仿真软件建立副构架径向转向架和交叉支撑转向架的动力学模型，并对其动力学性能进行仿真计算，分析比较曲线半径、超高等曲线几何参数对2种转向架曲线通过性能的影响。结果表明：曲线半径和欠超高对径向转向架和交叉支撑转向架的脱轨系数、轮重减载率影响比较接近；曲线半径在400-1200m范围内，自导向径向转向架能有效提高通过性能，明显降低轮对冲角，减缓轮轨磨耗；欠超高对2种转向架轮对冲角的影响近似成线性关系，且其影响程度仅和转向架本身属性相关，与曲线半径无关。指出采用磨耗功率评价欠超高对曲线轮轨磨耗的影响更为合理，因为不仅能反映出磨耗与欠超高的关系，还能反映出曲线外轨超高设置不同时轮轨磨耗的变化特点，这与工程实际中减小外轨超高、设置欠超高有利于降低轮轨磨耗是一致的。

武汉青山长江公路大桥北塔施工关键技术

武汉青山长江公路大桥主桥为主跨938m的双塔双索面全飘浮体系斜拉桥,北塔采用A形钢筋混凝土结构,塔高279.5m,由下塔柱、中塔柱、上塔柱、上横梁及塔冠等部分组成。北塔塔柱分为49个节段,标准节段长6m,采用液压爬模施工。施工时,在塔柱内设置劲性骨架,并在两塔肢间设13道临时横撑,按施工阶段对塔肢进行主动顶推。塔柱采用C55高性能混凝土,利用超高压泵将混凝土一次泵送到位。上横梁高6m,采用支架法施工,上横梁混凝土分2层(每层高3m)与两侧塔柱混凝土同步浇筑;钢锚梁采用10 000kN·m的塔吊整体吊装;上塔柱锚固区环向预应力采用深埋锚工艺施工。

苏通大桥南桥塔中、下塔柱施工

苏通大桥南桥塔采用倒Y形塔,中、下塔柱采用不对称的单箱单室箱形断面,施工中需克服塔柱斜率大、悬臂高等不利因素,且高塔施工受风力影响大,对施工平台及模板系统要求较高。采用液压自动爬模系统结合水平横撑的主动力顶撑的施工方法。实践表明:该施工方法能够提高塔柱施工效率,缩短塔身施工周期,降低施工成本,保证混凝土的外观质量。