Flixweed（Descurainia sophia L.） is a problematic and widespread weed in winter wheat fields and has been controlled by tribenuron-methyl for more than twenty years in China. In this study, a flixweed accession（Hebe...Flixweed（Descurainia sophia L.） is a problematic and widespread weed in winter wheat fields and has been controlled by tribenuron-methyl for more than twenty years in China. In this study, a flixweed accession（Hebei 25, HB25） with an Asp-376-Glu mutation in acetohydroxy acid synthase（AHAS） was identified and purified. The purified HB25 accession（p HB25） developed 758.1-fold resistance to tribenuron-methyl and exhibited obvious cross-resistance to four AHAS-inhibiting herbicides. The resistant/susceptible（R/S） ratios of 50% plant growth reduction（GR_（50）） to herbicides of halosulfuron-methyl, flumetsulam, imazethapyr and pyribenzoxim were 346.1, 15.7, 8.1 and 7.1, respectively. The reduced AHAS sensitivities to four different AHAS-inhibiting herbicides, which were caused by the Asp-376-Glu mutation, were responsible for the resistance and cross-resistance to AHAS-inhibiting herbicides. The R/S ratios of 50% inhibition of AHAS activity（I50） to tribenuron-methyl, halosulfuron-methyl, flumetsulam, imazethapyr and pyribenzoxim were 844.5, 532.9, 74.5, 13.3 and 5.5, respectively. The results of AHAS activity in vitro were highly correlated with that of whole-plant response experiments.展开更多
玉米是最早利用细胞质雄性不育系生产杂交种的作物之一,C型细胞质雄性不育系(C-type cytoplasmic male sterile,CMS-C)在杂交种生产中具有重要的作用,育性恢复的稳定性直接影响其应用价值。然而,玉米CMS-C的育性恢复机理复杂,且至今仍...玉米是最早利用细胞质雄性不育系生产杂交种的作物之一,C型细胞质雄性不育系(C-type cytoplasmic male sterile,CMS-C)在杂交种生产中具有重要的作用,育性恢复的稳定性直接影响其应用价值。然而,玉米CMS-C的育性恢复机理复杂,且至今仍不明确。为进一步探究玉米CMS-C育性恢复的影响因素,本研究以玉米CMS-C同质异核不育系C48-2、C黄早四和C478为母本,分别与测验系18白、自330、5022以及恢复系A619组配杂交获得F1。其中育性恢复F1通过自交获得F2,并以育性恢复F1为父本分别给育性保持F1授粉,组配双交群体,共获得4个F2群体,6个双交群体。同时以不育系C48-2、C黄早四和C478为母本,各自的保持系48-2、黄早四和478为父本杂交组配不完全双列杂交F1。将所有杂交组合的F1、F2以及双交组合群体分别在不同年份不同地点种植观察,通过植株田间育性调查并结合室内花粉镜检鉴定育性表现。结果表明:1)同一测验系对玉米CMS-C同质异核不育系的恢保关系不同,暗示不育系的核背景参与调控育性恢复表现;2)在不同年份不同地点对(C48-2×A619)F2群体进行种植观察,发现不同环境下F2群体可育株与不育株的分离比均符合15∶1,但在云南种植的可育株的育性级别主要为Ⅲ和Ⅳ级,而在四川种植的可育株的育性级别主要为Ⅴ级,表明环境对恢复系A619恢复后代的育性表现有影响;3)通过恢保关系测定发现18白不能恢复C478,48-2也不能恢复C478,但双交群体[(C478×18白)F1S×(C48-2×18白)F1F]后代却出现了可育株与不育株的分离;同理,双交群体[(C48-2×自330)F1S×(C478×自330)F1F]的后代也出现了可育株与不育株的分离。因此,本文推测C48-2、C478核背景中存在微效恢复基因,这些微效基因与18白、自330中的微效恢复基因通过杂交聚合后能使C478、C48-2的育性恢复,暗示玉米CMS-C的育性恢复呈现一定的剂量效应。这些结果为进一步认识玉米CMS-C育性恢复的复杂性和多样性奠定了基础,为深入研究玉米CMS-C育性恢复机理以及加快CMS-C在不育化制种中的应用提供重要参考。展开更多
In this study, we use the cross-impact analysis to build a descriptively probabilistic relationship between mutant von Hippel-Lindau protein and its clinical outcome after quantifying mutant von Hippel-Lindau proteins...In this study, we use the cross-impact analysis to build a descriptively probabilistic relationship between mutant von Hippel-Lindau protein and its clinical outcome after quantifying mutant von Hippel-Lindau proteins with the amino-acid distribution probability, then we use the Bayes-ian equation to determine the probability that the von Hippel-Lindau disease occurs under a mutation, and finally we attempt to distinguish the classifications of clinical outcomes as well as the endocrine and nonendocrine neoplasia induced by mutations of von Hippel-Lindau protein. The results show that a patient has 9/10 chance of being von Hippel-Lindau disease when a new mutation occurs in von Hippel- Lindau protein, the possible distinguishing of classifications of clinical outcomes using mod-eling, and the explanation of the endocrine and nonendocrine neoplasia in modeling view.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the association of X-ray cross-complementing group 1 （XRCC1） Arg399GIn, Arg194Trp and Arg280His polymorphisms with the risk of glioma. DATA SOURCES： A systematic literature search of papers ...OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the association of X-ray cross-complementing group 1 （XRCC1） Arg399GIn, Arg194Trp and Arg280His polymorphisms with the risk of glioma. DATA SOURCES： A systematic literature search of papers published from January 2000 to August 2012 in PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, and Wanfang da- tabase was performed. The key words used were ＂glioma＂, ＂polymorphism＂, and ＂XRCC1 or X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1＂. References cited in the retrieved articles were screened manually to identify additional eligible studies. STUDY SELECTION： Studies were identified according to the following inclusion criteria： case-control design was based on unrelated individuals; and genotype frequency was available to estimate an odds ratio （OR） and 95% confidence interval （CI）. Meta-analysis was performed for the selected studies after strict screening. Dominant and recessive genetic models were used and the relationship between homozygous mutant genotype frequencies and mutant gene frequency and glioma incidence was investigated. We chose the fixed or random effect model according to the heterogeneity to calculate OR and 95%CI, and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Publication bias was examined using the inverted funnel plot and the Egger＇s test using Stata 12.0 software. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Association of XRCC1 Arg399GIn, Arg194Trp, and Arg280His polymorphisms with the risk of glioma, and subgroup analyses were performed according to differ- ent ethnicities of the subjects.RESULTS： Twelve articles were included in the meta-analysis. Eleven of the articles were concerned with the Arg399GIn polymorphism and glioma onset risk. Significantly increased glioma risks were found only in the dominant model （Gin/Gin ＋ GIn/Arg versus Arg/Arg： OR = 1.26, 95%CI= 1.03-1.54, P = 0.02）. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significantly increased risk was found in Asian subjects in the recessive （OR = 1.46, 95%CI= 1.04-2.45, P = 0.03） and dominant models （OR = 1.40, 95%CI= 1.10-1.78, P = 0.007）, and homozygote contrast （OR = 1.69, 95%CI= 1.17-2.45, P = 0.005）, but not in Caucasian sub- jects. For association of the Arg194Trp （eight studies） and Arg280His （four studies） polymorphisms with glioma risk, the meta-analysis did not reveal a significant effect in the allele contrast, the recessive genetic model, the dominant genetic model, or homozygote contrast. CONCLUSION： The XRCC1 Arg399GIn polymorphism may be a biomarker of glioma susceptibility, espe- cially in Asian populations. The Arg194Trp and Arg280His polymorphisms were not associated with overall glioma risk.展开更多
基金sponsored by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest,China(201303031)
文摘Flixweed（Descurainia sophia L.） is a problematic and widespread weed in winter wheat fields and has been controlled by tribenuron-methyl for more than twenty years in China. In this study, a flixweed accession（Hebei 25, HB25） with an Asp-376-Glu mutation in acetohydroxy acid synthase（AHAS） was identified and purified. The purified HB25 accession（p HB25） developed 758.1-fold resistance to tribenuron-methyl and exhibited obvious cross-resistance to four AHAS-inhibiting herbicides. The resistant/susceptible（R/S） ratios of 50% plant growth reduction（GR_（50）） to herbicides of halosulfuron-methyl, flumetsulam, imazethapyr and pyribenzoxim were 346.1, 15.7, 8.1 and 7.1, respectively. The reduced AHAS sensitivities to four different AHAS-inhibiting herbicides, which were caused by the Asp-376-Glu mutation, were responsible for the resistance and cross-resistance to AHAS-inhibiting herbicides. The R/S ratios of 50% inhibition of AHAS activity（I50） to tribenuron-methyl, halosulfuron-methyl, flumetsulam, imazethapyr and pyribenzoxim were 844.5, 532.9, 74.5, 13.3 and 5.5, respectively. The results of AHAS activity in vitro were highly correlated with that of whole-plant response experiments.
文摘玉米是最早利用细胞质雄性不育系生产杂交种的作物之一,C型细胞质雄性不育系(C-type cytoplasmic male sterile,CMS-C)在杂交种生产中具有重要的作用,育性恢复的稳定性直接影响其应用价值。然而,玉米CMS-C的育性恢复机理复杂,且至今仍不明确。为进一步探究玉米CMS-C育性恢复的影响因素,本研究以玉米CMS-C同质异核不育系C48-2、C黄早四和C478为母本,分别与测验系18白、自330、5022以及恢复系A619组配杂交获得F1。其中育性恢复F1通过自交获得F2,并以育性恢复F1为父本分别给育性保持F1授粉,组配双交群体,共获得4个F2群体,6个双交群体。同时以不育系C48-2、C黄早四和C478为母本,各自的保持系48-2、黄早四和478为父本杂交组配不完全双列杂交F1。将所有杂交组合的F1、F2以及双交组合群体分别在不同年份不同地点种植观察,通过植株田间育性调查并结合室内花粉镜检鉴定育性表现。结果表明:1)同一测验系对玉米CMS-C同质异核不育系的恢保关系不同,暗示不育系的核背景参与调控育性恢复表现;2)在不同年份不同地点对(C48-2×A619)F2群体进行种植观察,发现不同环境下F2群体可育株与不育株的分离比均符合15∶1,但在云南种植的可育株的育性级别主要为Ⅲ和Ⅳ级,而在四川种植的可育株的育性级别主要为Ⅴ级,表明环境对恢复系A619恢复后代的育性表现有影响;3)通过恢保关系测定发现18白不能恢复C478,48-2也不能恢复C478,但双交群体[(C478×18白)F1S×(C48-2×18白)F1F]后代却出现了可育株与不育株的分离;同理,双交群体[(C48-2×自330)F1S×(C478×自330)F1F]的后代也出现了可育株与不育株的分离。因此,本文推测C48-2、C478核背景中存在微效恢复基因,这些微效基因与18白、自330中的微效恢复基因通过杂交聚合后能使C478、C48-2的育性恢复,暗示玉米CMS-C的育性恢复呈现一定的剂量效应。这些结果为进一步认识玉米CMS-C育性恢复的复杂性和多样性奠定了基础,为深入研究玉米CMS-C育性恢复机理以及加快CMS-C在不育化制种中的应用提供重要参考。
文摘In this study, we use the cross-impact analysis to build a descriptively probabilistic relationship between mutant von Hippel-Lindau protein and its clinical outcome after quantifying mutant von Hippel-Lindau proteins with the amino-acid distribution probability, then we use the Bayes-ian equation to determine the probability that the von Hippel-Lindau disease occurs under a mutation, and finally we attempt to distinguish the classifications of clinical outcomes as well as the endocrine and nonendocrine neoplasia induced by mutations of von Hippel-Lindau protein. The results show that a patient has 9/10 chance of being von Hippel-Lindau disease when a new mutation occurs in von Hippel- Lindau protein, the possible distinguishing of classifications of clinical outcomes using mod-eling, and the explanation of the endocrine and nonendocrine neoplasia in modeling view.
基金The Fundamental Research Funds for Jilin University in China,No.450060445246the High-Tech Industrial Development Project of Jilin Province in China,No.20090633+1 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation of Jilin Province in China,No.20130206001YY,20120713 and 200905169the Scientific Research Foundation of Changchun in China,No.12SF29
文摘OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the association of X-ray cross-complementing group 1 （XRCC1） Arg399GIn, Arg194Trp and Arg280His polymorphisms with the risk of glioma. DATA SOURCES： A systematic literature search of papers published from January 2000 to August 2012 in PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, and Wanfang da- tabase was performed. The key words used were ＂glioma＂, ＂polymorphism＂, and ＂XRCC1 or X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1＂. References cited in the retrieved articles were screened manually to identify additional eligible studies. STUDY SELECTION： Studies were identified according to the following inclusion criteria： case-control design was based on unrelated individuals; and genotype frequency was available to estimate an odds ratio （OR） and 95% confidence interval （CI）. Meta-analysis was performed for the selected studies after strict screening. Dominant and recessive genetic models were used and the relationship between homozygous mutant genotype frequencies and mutant gene frequency and glioma incidence was investigated. We chose the fixed or random effect model according to the heterogeneity to calculate OR and 95%CI, and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Publication bias was examined using the inverted funnel plot and the Egger＇s test using Stata 12.0 software. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Association of XRCC1 Arg399GIn, Arg194Trp, and Arg280His polymorphisms with the risk of glioma, and subgroup analyses were performed according to differ- ent ethnicities of the subjects.RESULTS： Twelve articles were included in the meta-analysis. Eleven of the articles were concerned with the Arg399GIn polymorphism and glioma onset risk. Significantly increased glioma risks were found only in the dominant model （Gin/Gin ＋ GIn/Arg versus Arg/Arg： OR = 1.26, 95%CI= 1.03-1.54, P = 0.02）. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significantly increased risk was found in Asian subjects in the recessive （OR = 1.46, 95%CI= 1.04-2.45, P = 0.03） and dominant models （OR = 1.40, 95%CI= 1.10-1.78, P = 0.007）, and homozygote contrast （OR = 1.69, 95%CI= 1.17-2.45, P = 0.005）, but not in Caucasian sub- jects. For association of the Arg194Trp （eight studies） and Arg280His （four studies） polymorphisms with glioma risk, the meta-analysis did not reveal a significant effect in the allele contrast, the recessive genetic model, the dominant genetic model, or homozygote contrast. CONCLUSION： The XRCC1 Arg399GIn polymorphism may be a biomarker of glioma susceptibility, espe- cially in Asian populations. The Arg194Trp and Arg280His polymorphisms were not associated with overall glioma risk.
