<b>Introduction:</b> <i>Neisseria</i> is a large genus of bacteria that colonize mucosal surfaces. Of the 11 species that colonize humans, only two are pathogens, <i>N. meningitidis</i...<b>Introduction:</b> <i>Neisseria</i> is a large genus of bacteria that colonize mucosal surfaces. Of the 11 species that colonize humans, only two are pathogens, <i>N. meningitidis</i> and <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i>. Both are obligate human pathogens;the last is causal agent of gonorrhea disease. Although curable with timely antibiotic treatment, an annual incidence of more than 62 million cases is estimated by the World Health Organization and there are no successful vaccines available. In contrast, several prophylactic vaccine options for <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> meningitis do exist. Of note, there is trace of cross parenteral response induced between <i>N. meningitidis</i> and <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i>, and Proteoliposome (PL, also named outer membrane vesicles, OMV) vaccine has shown high impact on this response. <b>Objective:</b> To determine effect of VAMENGOC-BC? and its derivates (AFPL1 and AFCo1) at mucosal and systemic level and possible cross response against <i>Neisseria</i> <i>gonhorroeae</i> in Balb/c and C57Bl/6 mice. <b>Methods: </b>We evaluated cross response against <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> in mouse serum IgG and saliva IgA after mucosal immunization with VA-MENGOC-BC or its derivatives (AF, Adjuvant Finlay PL1 or AFCo (cochleate) 1). <b>Results: </b>Immunizations with AFPL1 or AFCo1 induce anti <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> at saliva IgA and serum IgG responses similar to VA-MENGOC-BC? vaccine. <b>Conclusions: </b>Such data confirms a new possible window of prime-boost vaccination strategy against gonorrhea and extends our knowledge regarding the effect of PL vaccines on cross responses.展开更多
Gas-phase CO_2 catalyzed activation hydrogenation by Ru atoms was studied with density functional theory. Based on the structure optimization of different potential energy surfaces,there are two crossing points betwee...Gas-phase CO_2 catalyzed activation hydrogenation by Ru atoms was studied with density functional theory. Based on the structure optimization of different potential energy surfaces,there are two crossing points between singlet and triplet potential energy surfaces and there is a crossing point between quintet and triplet potential energy surfaces in the whole catalytic cycle. Spin transition probabilities in the vicinity of the intersections have been calculated by the Landau-Zener model theory. There are three minimum energy crossing points(MECPs) with strong spin-orbital coupling effect and higher spin transition probability,and all spin inversion occurred in s orbital and different d orbitals of ruthenium,indicating this is a typical two-state reactivity(TSR) reaction. Finally,the lowest energy reaction path is ensured.展开更多
Whether endogenous neurogenesis occurs in the adult cortex remains controversial.An increasing number of reports suggest that doublecortin(DCX)-positive neurogenesis persists in the adult primate cortex,attracting eno...Whether endogenous neurogenesis occurs in the adult cortex remains controversial.An increasing number of reports suggest that doublecortin(DCX)-positive neurogenesis persists in the adult primate cortex,attracting enormous attention worldwide.In this study,different DCX antibodies were used together with NeuN antibodies in immunohistochemistry and western blot assays using adjacent cortical sections from adult monkeys.Antibody adsorption,antigen binding,primary antibody omission and antibody-free experiments were used to assess specificity of the signals.We found either strong fluorescent signals,medium-weak intensity signals in some cells,weak signals in a few perikarya or near complete lack of labeling in adjacent cortical sections incubated with the various DCX antibodies.The putative DCX-positive cells in the cortex were also positive for NeuN,a specific marker of mature neurons.However,further experiments showed that most of these signals were either the result of antibody cross reactivity,the non-specificity of secondary antibodies or tissue autofluorescence.No confirmed DCX-positive cells were detected in the adult macaque cortex by immunofluorescence.Our findings show that DCX-positive neurogenesis does not occur in the cerebral cortex of adult primates,and that false-positive signals(artefacts)are caused by antibody cross reactivity and autofluorescence.The experimental protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Institute of Neuroscience,Beijing,China(approval No.IACUC-AMMS-2014-501).展开更多
文摘<b>Introduction:</b> <i>Neisseria</i> is a large genus of bacteria that colonize mucosal surfaces. Of the 11 species that colonize humans, only two are pathogens, <i>N. meningitidis</i> and <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i>. Both are obligate human pathogens;the last is causal agent of gonorrhea disease. Although curable with timely antibiotic treatment, an annual incidence of more than 62 million cases is estimated by the World Health Organization and there are no successful vaccines available. In contrast, several prophylactic vaccine options for <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> meningitis do exist. Of note, there is trace of cross parenteral response induced between <i>N. meningitidis</i> and <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i>, and Proteoliposome (PL, also named outer membrane vesicles, OMV) vaccine has shown high impact on this response. <b>Objective:</b> To determine effect of VAMENGOC-BC? and its derivates (AFPL1 and AFCo1) at mucosal and systemic level and possible cross response against <i>Neisseria</i> <i>gonhorroeae</i> in Balb/c and C57Bl/6 mice. <b>Methods: </b>We evaluated cross response against <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> in mouse serum IgG and saliva IgA after mucosal immunization with VA-MENGOC-BC or its derivatives (AF, Adjuvant Finlay PL1 or AFCo (cochleate) 1). <b>Results: </b>Immunizations with AFPL1 or AFCo1 induce anti <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> at saliva IgA and serum IgG responses similar to VA-MENGOC-BC? vaccine. <b>Conclusions: </b>Such data confirms a new possible window of prime-boost vaccination strategy against gonorrhea and extends our knowledge regarding the effect of PL vaccines on cross responses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21263023)
文摘Gas-phase CO_2 catalyzed activation hydrogenation by Ru atoms was studied with density functional theory. Based on the structure optimization of different potential energy surfaces,there are two crossing points between singlet and triplet potential energy surfaces and there is a crossing point between quintet and triplet potential energy surfaces in the whole catalytic cycle. Spin transition probabilities in the vicinity of the intersections have been calculated by the Landau-Zener model theory. There are three minimum energy crossing points(MECPs) with strong spin-orbital coupling effect and higher spin transition probability,and all spin inversion occurred in s orbital and different d orbitals of ruthenium,indicating this is a typical two-state reactivity(TSR) reaction. Finally,the lowest energy reaction path is ensured.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Key Program),No.30430310(to SJL)the State Key Laboratories Development Program of China,No.SKLP-K201401(to SJL)
文摘Whether endogenous neurogenesis occurs in the adult cortex remains controversial.An increasing number of reports suggest that doublecortin(DCX)-positive neurogenesis persists in the adult primate cortex,attracting enormous attention worldwide.In this study,different DCX antibodies were used together with NeuN antibodies in immunohistochemistry and western blot assays using adjacent cortical sections from adult monkeys.Antibody adsorption,antigen binding,primary antibody omission and antibody-free experiments were used to assess specificity of the signals.We found either strong fluorescent signals,medium-weak intensity signals in some cells,weak signals in a few perikarya or near complete lack of labeling in adjacent cortical sections incubated with the various DCX antibodies.The putative DCX-positive cells in the cortex were also positive for NeuN,a specific marker of mature neurons.However,further experiments showed that most of these signals were either the result of antibody cross reactivity,the non-specificity of secondary antibodies or tissue autofluorescence.No confirmed DCX-positive cells were detected in the adult macaque cortex by immunofluorescence.Our findings show that DCX-positive neurogenesis does not occur in the cerebral cortex of adult primates,and that false-positive signals(artefacts)are caused by antibody cross reactivity and autofluorescence.The experimental protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Institute of Neuroscience,Beijing,China(approval No.IACUC-AMMS-2014-501).