Burden of disability in type 2 diabetes mellitus and the moderating effects of physical activity

The growing diabetic epidemic has created a substantial burden,not only on the people with diabetes but also on society at large.This mini-review discussed the limitations and patterns of disability in type 2 diabetes mellitus and put forward a case for the moderating effects of physical activity(PA)in the management of diabetes.The limitations and impairments associated with diabetes include vascular,neurological,cardiac,and renal impairments.Moreover,individuals participate less in their daily lives and in their instrumental activities of daily living,which negatively impacts the quality of life of individuals with diabetes.This often leads to a loss of quality of life due to disabilities,resulting in an increased rate of disability-adjusted life years among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Moreover,there are psychosocial sequelae of diabetes mellitus.This necessitates looking for moderating factors that may reduce the burden of the disease.PA has been shown to be one of the factors that can mitigate these burdens.PA does this in several ways,including through the benefits it confers,such as a reduction of hemoglobin A1c,a reduction of excess fat in the liver and pancreas,and the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors,all of which favorably affect glycemic parameters.Specifically,PA regulates or moderates diabetes disability through two mechanisms:The regulation of glucolipid metabolism disorders and the optimization of body mass index and systemic conditions.Therefore,efforts should be directed at PA uptake through identified strategies.This will not only prevent diabetes or diabetes complications but will reduce its burden.

The Moderating Effect of Organizational Identification on Occupational Stress and Insomnia Among Nurses

Objective:To explore the relationship between organizational identification,occupational stress,and insomnia among nurses and to analyze the moderating role of organizational identification between occupational stress and insomnia.Methods:Through stratified sampling,720 nurses working in a tertiary A-level hospital in Shandong Province from March to May 2021 were surveyed using an effort-reward imbalance questionnaire,an organizational identification questionnaire,and the Athens Insomnia scale.Results:Organizational identification was negatively correlated with occupational stress and insomnia(r_(1)=-0.121,P_(1)<0.01;r_(2)=-0.144,P_(2)<0.01).Occupational stress was positively correlated with insomnia(r=0.379,P<0.01).Organizational identity significantly moderated nurses’occupational stress and insomnia(β=-0.192,t=-2.558,P<0.05).Conclusion:Occupational stress and organizational identification can predict insomnia.Organizational identification could negatively mediate the relationship between occupational stress and insomnia.Improving organizational identification may help alleviate insomnia symptoms by relieving occupational stress.

Seeking Health Information Online:The Moderating Effects of Problematic Situations on User Intention

Purpose： This study investigates how online user intention in searching health information is affected by problematic situations.Design/methodology/approach： Based on the Theory of Reasoned Action, the Technology Acceptance Model, and Sense-making theory, we propose two dimensions of problematic situations： urgency and severity of health issues being searched online. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey among 214 Wuhan University students and analyzed using hierarchical regression analysis.Findings： Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and subjective norm can influence user intention to seek health information online. The urgency of problematic situations has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between perceived ease of use and user intention and the relationship between subjective norm and user intention. The severity of problematic situations has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between subjective norm and user intention.Research limitations： The respondents of the survey are limited to students in one Chinese university, so whether this study＇s results can be applied to another population or not remains to be verified. In addition, only two dimensions of problematic situations are considered in this study. Practical implications： The paper puts forward the moderating effect of problematic situations and verifies it, which is the compensation for online health information-seeking behavior research. Besides, our analyses have implications for professional design of health care systems and related consumer information searches, and improve their performance. Originality/value： Previous work has reported the effects of problematic situation on user intention to seek health information online, ignoring its influence on other factors. This empirical study extends that work to identify the influence of problematic situation when seeking intention-behavior data in two dimensions, urgency and severity.

The Effect of Perceived Anonymity on Online Transgressions:The Moderating Role of Moral Excuses

With the development of science and technology,the use of the Internet is becoming more and more widespread.However,with the popularity of the Internet,some problems have gradually surfaced.The anonymity of Internet use has become a breeding ground for many acts that are contrary to public decency,and this study is conducted against this background.This study explored the impact of perceived anonymity on online transgressions and investigated the moderating effect of moral excuses.A total of 414 subjects,210 males and 204 females,participated in this experimental survey.The SPSS data analysis concluded that perceived anonymity played a significant positive predictive role on online deviance(p<0.01),and the moderating role of moral excuses was not significant.This study will be conducive to the better implementation of the action of clearing cyberspace and to the regulation of public behaviour in cyberspace.

Computational Film Cooling Effectiveness of Dual Trench Configuration on Flat Plate at Moderate Blowing Ratios

In the present work, computational simulations was made using ANSYS CFX to predict the improvements in film cooling performance with dual trench. Dual-trench confguradon consists of two trenches together, one wider trench and the other is narrow trench that extruded from the wider one. Several blowing ratios in the range （0.5：5） were investigated. The pitch-to-diameter ratio of 2.775 is used. By using the dual trench configuration, the coolant jet impacted the trench wall two times allowing increasing the spreading of coolant laterally in the trench, reducing jet velocity and jet completely covered on the surface. The results indicate that this configuration increased adiabatic effectiveness as blowing ratio increased. The spatially averaged adiabatic effectiveness reached 57.6% for at M= 2. No observed film blow-off at all blowing ratios. The adiabatic film effectiveness of dual trench case outperformed the narrow trench case, laidback fan-shaped hole, fan-shaped hole and cylinder hole at different blowing ratios.

Effect of oxygen on regulation of properties of moderately boron-doped diamond films

Regulation of oxygen on properties of moderately boron-doped diamond films is fully investigated.Results show that,with adding a small amount of oxygen(oxygen-to-carbon ratio<5.0%),the crystal quality of diamond is improved,and a suppression effect of residual nitrogen is observed.With increasing ratio of O/C from 2.5%to 20.0%,the hole concentration is firstly increased then reduced.This change of hole concentration is also explained.Moreover,the results of Hall effect measurement with temperatures from 300 K to 825 K show that,with adding a small amount of oxygen,boron and oxygen complex structures(especially B_(3)O and B_(4)O)are formed and exhibit as shallow donor in diamond,which results in increase of donor concentration.With further increase of ratio of O/C,the inhibitory behaviors of oxygen on boron leads to decrease of acceptor concentration(the optical emission spectroscopy has shown that it is decreased with ratio of O/C more than 10.0%).This work demonstrates that oxygen-doping induced increasement of the crystalline and surface quality could be restored by the co-doping with oxygen.The technique could achieve boron-doped diamond films with both high quality and acceptable hole concentration,which is applicable to electronic level of usage.

The Effect of a Chocolate Bar Supplementation on Moderate Exercise Recovery of Recreational Runners

To study the effects of a chocolate bar supplementation before exercise on improving recovery of physiological and metabolic changes induced by exercise, 16 male students aged 18-20 years voluntarily served as subjects. A crossover design was employed. Each subject took part in two trials and ran an hour on a treadmill with the intensity of keeping heart rate at 148-150 min for each trial. Results showed that plasma glucose levels of subjects increased significantly (5.42±0.83 mmol/L) at 15 min after ingestion of a chocolate bar and maintained in moderate high levels (4.92 ±0.57 mmol/L) until 30 min after an hour's running while the glucose levels were low and dropped to under normal ranges (3.84 ± 0.31 mmol/L) at 30 min after exercise as they were with a supplement of placebo. Results of plasma FFA, blood lactate and plasma urea nitrogen levels and RPE all indicated that chocolate bar supplementation before exercise benefits to create the necessary prerequisite for exercise and recovery

Could Sequential Residual Centering Resolve Low Sensitivity in Moderated Regression? Simulations and Cancer Symptom Clusters

Multicollinearity constitutes shared variation among predictors that inflates standard errors of regression coefficients. Several years ago, it was proven that the common practice of mean centering in moderated regression cannot alleviate multicollinearity among variables comprising an interaction, but merely masks it. Residual centering (orthogonalizing) is unacceptable because it biases parameters for predictors from which the interaction derives, thus precluding interpretation of moderator effects. I propose and validate residual centering in sequential re-estimations of a moderated regression—sequential residual centering (SRC)—by revealing unbiased multicollinearity conditioning across the interaction and its related terms. Across simulations, SRC reduces variance inflation factors (VIF) regardless of distribution shape or pattern of regression coefficients across predictors. For any predictor, the reduced VIF is used to derive a lower standard error of its regression coefficient. A cancer sample illustrates SRC, which allows unbiased interpretations of symptom clusters. SRC can be applied efficiently to alleviate multicollinearity after data collection and shows promise for advancing synergistic frontiers of research.

The Effects of Pre-Task Planning on Second Language Writing:A Systematic Review of Experimental Studies

There are both pedagogical and theoretical grounds for asking second language writers to plan before they start writing.The question then arises whether pre-task planning(PTP)improves written output.To address this question,this article reviewed 32 studies by comparing the effect of PTP either with no planning or with unpressured online planning(OLP).These studies also investigated the moderating effect of variables relating to the writer participants,the nature of the planning,and the writing tasks.The main findings are:(1)There is no clear evidence that PTP leads to better overall writing quality when this is measured using rating rubrics,(2)PTP generally results in more fluent writing,(3)its impact on syntactical and lexical complexity is inconsistent and negligible,(4)OLP does sometimes result in increased linguistic accuracy,and(5)there is insufficient evidence to reach clear conclusions about the role that moderating variables have on the impact of PTP,but the results suggest that collaborative(as opposed to individual planning)can lead to increased accuracy and that PTP tends to lead to more complex language when the writing task is a complex one.The article concludes with a set of principles to ensure better quality research and three general proposals for the kind of future research needed.

An empirical study on the green effects of new energy vehicle promotion in the context of global carbon neutrality

In the context of global carbon neutrality,new energy vehicle promotion(NEVP)has become an important means of reducing carbon emissions.This paper constructs a theoretical model and uses panel data on NEVP in 21 countries from 2012 to 2018 to empirically examine the green effect of NEVP.The results indicate the following:(1)NEVP significantly reduces greenhouse gases emissions,and the green effect can be transmitted and diffused through a direct path.(2)Replacing fuel-fired vehicles and accelerating the end-of-life vehicle scrapping process significantly conducted the green effect,and aggravating traffic congestion was not statistically significant.(3)The transmission mechanism of the green effect is regulated by regional economic heterogeneity.In regions with better development of fuel-fired vehicles,the transmission of the green effect is subject to the elimination of fuel-fired vehicles and traffic congestion governance,and the transmission efficiency is low.However,regions with a relatively weak fuel-fired automobile industry foundation show a strong“advantage of backwardness”,and the green effect is more prominent.This means that global NEVP should be further accelerated to achieve the green effect and the goal of global carbon neutrality.

Moderating effect of psychological resilience on the perceived social support and loneliness in the left-behind elderly in rural areas

Objective:To investigate the loneliness and psychological resilience with the perceived social support of the left-behind elderly in rural areas and explore the moderating effect of psychological resilience on the understanding of social support and loneliness of the left-behind elderly in rural areas.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted;272 left-behind elderly people in 6 rural villages in the Sichuan Province were investigated by using the General Situation Questionnaire,Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS),Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC),and the University of California at Los Angeles Loneliness Scale(UCLA)with a stratified random cluster sampling method.Results:The loneliness score of the left-behind elderly in rural areas was 52.54±7.25,the psychological resilience score was 78(68.87),and the perceived social support score was 57(51.62).The perceived social support and psychological resilience were negatively correlated with loneliness,while the perceived social support was positively correlated with psychological resilience.The moderating effect of psychological resilience on the perceived social support and loneliness of the left-behind elderly in rural areas was−0.102(P<0.001).Conclusions:Higher level resilience is of positive significance to alleviate the negative effect of social support on loneliness.Improving the resilience of the left-behind elderly in rural areas is a beneficial exploration to promote their mental health.

Analysis of the Moderator Effect of RMB Exchange-- Rate on Export The Case of Guangdong Province in China

An important limitation of the research literatures which study the effect on the export of the real effective exchange rates is the lack of application of interaction or moderator effect among the independent variables. To remedy this lacuna, the authors developed a model in which real effective exchange rate moderated the effect of import and utilization of foreign capital on export. The sample comprised 11 years＇ data in Guangdong China. The result showed that real effective exchange rate of RMB affected the export by interacting with utilization of foreign capital. Moreover, to some degree, the real effective exchange rate can also act as moderator between import and export.

FREE VIBRATION AND STABILITY OF MODERATE-THICKCANTILEVER PLATES

By means of the constitution of the two displacement functions and theapplication of the least square method and the energy method this paper gives theReissner approximate solutions of the free vibration and the stability for the moderate-thick cantilever rectangular plate.

农业产业集聚对农业碳排放的影响——基于环境规制的调节效应研究

利用2003—2020年中国31个省份的面板数据,通过构建回归方程模型并运用协整检验、系统GMM方法研究了农业产业集聚对农业碳排放的影响以及环境规制所发挥的调节效应。结果发现:在国家层面,农业碳排放受到农业产业集聚的影响显现出“非线性关系”,即随着农业产业集聚程度的上升,农业碳排放总量呈先上升后下降的倒“U”型特征,并且在农业产业集聚对农业碳排放的影响中显著受到了环境规制的调节效应;而在地区层面,东部、中部和西部地区的农业碳排放均受到农业产业集聚的影响显现出先上升后下降的倒“U”型特征,但环境规制在农业产业集聚对农业碳排放的影响中的调节效应仅在东部和西部地区显著存在。

数字经济、技术进步与制造业转型升级

制造业水平是一个国家综合实力和国际竞争力的重要标志,技术进步提供了制造业转型升级的动力和基础。而数字经济作为推动技术进步和企业变革的重要力量,为传统制造业注入新的增长动力。基于2010—2020年我国省级面板数据,运用固定效应模型和门槛效应模型实证研究数字经济背景下技术进步对我国制造业转型升级的作用机制,并探究数字经济在此过程中发挥的调节效应。研究结果显示:(1)数字经济时代下,技术进步对制造业转型升级依旧具有很强的驱动效应;(2)在技术进步对制造业转型升级的作用过程中,数字经济可以有效发挥正向调节作用;(3)技术进步驱动制造业转型升级存在显著的数字经济门槛效应。

人口老龄化与劳动力就业质量

推进就业优先战略、保障高质量充分就业是实现社会经济高质量发展、增进民生福祉的关键举措.与此同时,老龄化程度的加深对经济发展、产业结构与要素投入调整产生了广泛而深远的影响.为此,基于我国2006—2021年省级面板数据,运用熵值法对各省劳动力就业质量进行测算,并采用双向固定效应模型和调节效应模型探究了人口老龄化对高质量就业的影响.研究发现,人口老龄化抑制我国劳动力就业质量提升,人工智能的发展带来的外部环境和技术创新水平的提升可以削弱人口老龄化对就业质量的消极影响.

The Mediating and Moderating Effects of Family Resilience on the Relationship between Individual Resilience and Depression in Patients with Breast Cancer

Objective:This study evaluated the effect of resilience on depression among patients with breast cancer from individual and familial perspectives by exploring the mediating and moderating effects of family resilience between individual resilience and depression.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted among 337 patients with breast cancer who were admitted to the Oncology Department of Jiangsu Province Hospital.The survey included demographic information,the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC),the Family Resilience Assessment Scale(FRAS),and the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)for Depression.The relationship among individual resilience,family resilience,and depression was analyzed using hierarchical regression and bootstrap test to assess the mediating and moderating effects of family resilience.Results:The depression scores were(13.50±5.16),the individual resilience scores were(48.62±17.50),and the family resilience scores were(105.98±24.35).Significant differences in depression scores were observed in terms of family monthly income,average weekly exercise before diagnosis,post-diagnosis interpersonal relationship quality,and overall sleep quality in the past month(p<0.05).Patients with lower individual resilience had significantly higher depression scores than those with higher resilience(F=24.314,p<0.001),and similarly,patients with lower family resilience had higher depression scores than those with higher family resilience(F=41.660,p<0.001).Individual resilience and family resilience were significantly negatively correlated with depression(r=-0.447 and-0.441,respectively,p<0.001).Hierarchical regression analysis and bootstrap test showed that family resilience(β=-0.310,p<0.001)had a partial mediating effect between individual resilience(β=-0.321,p<0.001)and depression.The indirect effect size was-0.038,the 95%CI was(-0.056,-0.020),and the direct effect ratio was 71.43%.The interaction of family resilience and individual resilience had a moderating effect on depression(B=0.166,p<0.001).Family resilience negatively moderated the relationship between individual resilience and depressive symptoms and enhanced the protective effect of individual resilience against depression with increasing family resilience.Conclusion:Family resilience has mediating and moderating effects between individual resilience and depression in patients with breast cancer.

数字经济对长江经济带实体经济发展的影响研究——基于环境规制和经济发展的调节效应

发展数字经济是促进长江经济带高质量发展的重要路径,通过建立面板双向固定效应模型,实证分析长江经济带内数字经济发展对实体经济的影响程度,利用模型分析并探讨了环境规制和经济发展的调节效应。研究发现:虽然该区域内数字经济可以显著提升实体经济的发展水平,但已出现了“倒U型”关系;科技进步、产业结构、绿色金融是重要的传导机制;同时,长江经济带内部的环境规制强度和经济发展会弱化数字经济发展对实体经济的提升作用。本研究不仅为数字经济赋能长江经济带实体经济发展提供一定的经验证据,还有助于明晰数字经济对实体经济的支撑作用关系。

绿色技术创新对碳排放的影响效应——非线性中介效应与调节效应分析

绿色技术创新是解决环境污染和实现碳减排目标的重要手段。基于2011—2021年中国内地271个地级及以上城市面板数据,使用参数与非参数方法检验绿色技术创新对碳排放的非线性影响,分析能源消费结构及产业结构的中介作用,同时探讨环境规制、科创支持、市场化程度和公众关注的调节作用。研究发现:①基准回归结果表明,绿色技术创新与碳排放呈显著倒“U”型关系;②异质性检验结果表明,倒“U”型关系仅在非资源型城市、低碳试点城市和高质量绿色技术创新体现明显;③中介效应检验结果表明,绿色技术创新既能通过优化能源消费结构降低碳排放,又会通过阻碍产业结构升级增加碳排放;④调节效应分析结果表明,公众关注、科创支持和市场化程度对绿色技术创新与碳排放倒“U”型关系起正向调节作用,使倒“U”型曲线更陡峭,而环境规制对绿色技术创新与碳排放倒“U”型关系起负向调节作用,使倒“U”型曲线更平缓。据此,提出提升绿色技术创新能力、推动清洁能源发展、加强政策配套支持、完善市场机制、构建政府公众共治体系等建议。