Objectives To evaluate the immunogenicity of Mycobacterium intracellulare proteins and determine the cross-reactive proteins between M.intracellulare and M.tuberculosis.Methods Protein extracts from M.intracellulare w...Objectives To evaluate the immunogenicity of Mycobacterium intracellulare proteins and determine the cross-reactive proteins between M.intracellulare and M.tuberculosis.Methods Protein extracts from M.intracellulare were used to immunize BALB/c mice.The antigens were evaluated using cellular and humoral immunoassays.The common genes between M.intracellular and M.tuberculosis were identified using genome-wide comparative analysis,and cross-reactive proteins were screened using immunoproteome microarrays.Results Immunization with M.intracellulare proteins induced significantly higher levels of the cytokines interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleukin-2(IL-2),interleukin-12(IL-12),interleukin-6(IL-6)and immunoglobulins IgG,IgG1,IgM,and IgG2a in mouse serum.Bone marrow-derived macrophages isolated from mice immunized with M.intracellulare antigens displayed significantly lower bacillary loads than those isolated from mice immunized with adjuvants.Whole-genome sequence analysis revealed 396 common genes between M.intracellulare and M.tuberculosis.Microchip hybridization with M.tuberculosis proteins revealed the presence of 478 proteins in the serum of mice immunized with M.intracellulare protein extracts.Sixty common antigens were found using both microchip and genomic comparative analyses.Conclusion This is the advanced study to investigate the immunogenicity of M.intracellulare proteins and the cross-reactive proteins between M.intracellulare and M.tuberculosis.The results revealed the presence of a number of cross-reactive proteins between M.intracellulare and M.tuberculosis.Therefore,this study provides a new way of identifying immunogenic proteins for use in tuberculosis vaccines against both M.intracellulare and M.tuberculosis in future.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the presence and cross-reactive anti-bodies against hypervariable region 1(HVR1) in hepatitis C virus(HCV) infected patients and its relationship with the progression of the disease.METHODS:Sixteen rep...AIM:To evaluate the presence and cross-reactive anti-bodies against hypervariable region 1(HVR1) in hepatitis C virus(HCV) infected patients and its relationship with the progression of the disease.METHODS:Sixteen representative HVR1 proteins selected from a unique set of 1600 natural sequences were used to semiquantitate the cross-reactivity of HVR1 antibodies in the sera of HCV patients.Fifty-five chronic HCV patients including 23 with asymptomatic mild hepatitis,18 with chronic hepatitis and 16 with liver cirrhosis patients were studied.RESULTS:The degree of the cross-reactivity of anti-HVR1 antibodies in 23 patients with mild asymptomatic hepatitis was 3.09 ± 2.68,which was signif icantly lower than in those with chronic hepatitis(5.44 ± 3.93,P < 0.05) and liver cirrhosis(7.44 ± 3.90,P < 0.01).No correlation was observed between the broadness of the cross-reactivity anti-HVR1 antibodies and patient's age,infection time,serum alanine aminotransferase activity,or serum HCV-RNA concentration.It was the breath of cross-reactivity rather than the presence of anti-HVR1 antibody in HCV sera that was associated with the progression of liver disease.CONCLUSION:The broadly cross-reactive HVR1 antibodies generated in natural HCV patients can not neutralize the virus,which results in persistent infection in patients with chronic hepatitis.展开更多
In patients with respiratory allergy,cross-reactivity between aeroallergens and foods may induce food allergy,symptoms ranging from oral allergy syndrome to severe anaphylaxis.Clinical entities due to Ig E sensitizati...In patients with respiratory allergy,cross-reactivity between aeroallergens and foods may induce food allergy,symptoms ranging from oral allergy syndrome to severe anaphylaxis.Clinical entities due to Ig E sensitization to cross-reactive aeroallergen and food allergen components are described for many sources of plant origin(pollen-food syndromes and associations,such as birch-apple,cypress-peach and celery-mugwortspice syndromes,and mugwort-peach,mugwortchamomile,mugwort-mustard,ragweed-melon-banana,goosefoot-melon associations),fungal origin(Alternariaspinach syndrome),and invertebrate,mammalian or avian origin(mite-shrimp,cat-pork,and bird-egg syndromes).Clinical cases of allergic reactions to ingestion of food products containing pollen grains of specific plants,in patients with respiratory allergy to Asteraceae pollen,especially mugwort and ragweed,are also mentioned,for honey,royal jelly and bee polen dietary supplements,along with allergic reactions to foods contaminated with mites or fungi in patients with respiratory allergy to these aeroallergens.Medical history and diagnosis approach may be guided by the knowledge about the diverse cross-reacting allergens involved,and by the understanding of these clinical entities which may vary significantly or may be overlapping.The association between primary Ig E sensitization with respiratory symptoms to inhaled allergens and food allergy due to cross-reactive allergen components is important to assess in allergy practice.The use of molecular-based diagnosis improves the understanding of clinically relevant Ig E sensitization to cross-reactive allergen components from aeroallergen sources and foods.展开更多
An ester activation method was employed to couple enrofloxacin(ENFX) to the carrier proteins BSA and OVA. The conjugates ENFX-BSA and ENFX-OVA were identified with an UV spectrophotometer and amino acid automation a...An ester activation method was employed to couple enrofloxacin(ENFX) to the carrier proteins BSA and OVA. The conjugates ENFX-BSA and ENFX-OVA were identified with an UV spectrophotometer and amino acid automation analysis instrument, and resulted in conjugates with 48 ENFX molecules per carrier molecule(BSA). Splenocytes from mice immunized with ENFX-BSA were fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells and hybridomas secreting antibodies against enrofloxacin were selected and cloned. Two stable monoclonal antibodies, 2C5, 5D5 of the subclass IgG2a, were isolated. Using antibody 5D5, an indirect competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Ci-ELISA) was developed for the quantitative detection of enrofloxacin and its metabolites. The IC50 of the standard curve was 21.67 ng mL-1 and the limit of detection for enrofloxacin was 0.13 ng mL-1. This method was sensitive and had a linear range from 0.13 to 10 000 ng mL-1 (r= -0.9782). Monoclonal antibody 5D5 exhibited high relative affinity to enrofloxacin, and the cross-reactivities with ciprofloxacin, marbofloxacin, sarafloxacin and danorfloxacin were 110.8, 27.40, 71.05 and 37.41%, respectively. Three non-fluoroquinolones of cefadroxil, chloramphenicol, sulfadimethoxine were tested and there was no cross-reaction between them.展开更多
A subgroup of coeliac disease patients continues to experience symptoms even on a gluten-free diet (GFD). We attempted to determine whether these symptoms could be due to either cross-contamination with gluten-contain...A subgroup of coeliac disease patients continues to experience symptoms even on a gluten-free diet (GFD). We attempted to determine whether these symptoms could be due to either cross-contamination with gluten-containing foods or cross-reactivity between α-gliadin and non-gluten foods consumed on a GFD. We measured the reactivity of affinity-purified polyclonal and monoclonal α-gliadin 33-mer peptide antibodies against gliadin and additional food antigens commonly consumed by patients on a GFD using ELISA and dot-blot. We also examined the immune reactivity of these antibodies with various tissue antigens. We observed significant immune reactivity when these antibodies were applied to cow’s milk, milk chocolate, milk butyrophilin, whey protein, casein, yeast, oats, corn, millet, instant coffee and rice. To investigate whether there was cross-reactivity between α-gliadin antibody and different tissue antigens, we measured the degree to which this antibody bound to these antigens. The most significant binding occurred with asialoganglioside, hepatocyte, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, adrenal 21-hydroxylase, and various neural antigens. The specificity of anti-α-gliadin binding to different food and tissue antigens was demonstrated by absorption and inhibition studies. We also observed significant cross-reactivity between α-gliadin 33-mer and various food antigens, but some of these reactions were associated with the contamination of non-gluten foods with traces of gluten. The consumption of cross-reactive foods as well as gluten-contaminated foods may be responsible for the continuing symptoms presented by a subgroup of patients with coeliac disease. The lack of response of some CD patients may also be due to antibody cross-reactivity with non-gliadin foods. These should then be treated as gluten-like peptides and should also be excluded from the diet when the GFD seems to fail.展开更多
Objective To establish an ultra-sensitive,ultra-fast,visible detection method for Vibrio parahaemolyticus(VP).Methods We established a new method for detecting the tdh and trh genes of VP using clustered regularly int...Objective To establish an ultra-sensitive,ultra-fast,visible detection method for Vibrio parahaemolyticus(VP).Methods We established a new method for detecting the tdh and trh genes of VP using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 12a(CRISPR/Cas12a)combined with recombinase polymerase amplification and visual detection(CRISPR/Cas12a-VD).Results CRISPR/Cas12a-VD accurately detected target DNA at concentrations as low as 10^(-18)M(single molecule detection)within 30 min without cross-reactivity against other bacteria.When detecting pure cultures of VP,the consistency of results reached 100%compared with real-time PCR.The method accurately analysed pure cultures and spiked shrimp samples at concentrations as low as 10^(2)CFU/g.Conclusion The novel CRISPR/Cas12a-VD method for detecting VP performed better than traditional detection methods,such as real-time PCR,and has great potential for preventing the spread of pathogens.展开更多
BACKGROUND The bacteria Campylobacter jejuni(C. jejuni) is commonly associated with GuillaneBarré syndrome(GBS) and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS), but studies have also linked it with Miller Fisher syndrome, reac...BACKGROUND The bacteria Campylobacter jejuni(C. jejuni) is commonly associated with GuillaneBarré syndrome(GBS) and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS), but studies have also linked it with Miller Fisher syndrome, reactive arthritis and other disorders, some of which are autoimmune. It is possible that C. jejuni and its toxins may be crossreactive with some human tissues and food antigens, potentially leading to autoimmune responses.AIM To measure the immune reactivity of C. jejuni and C. jejuni cytolethal distending toxin(Cdt) antibodies with tissue and food antigens to examine their role in autoimmunities.METHODS Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) methodology, specific antibodies made against C. jejuni and C. jejuni Cdt were applied to a variety of microwell plates coated with 45 tissues and 180 food antigens. The resulting immunoreactivities were compared to reactions with control wells coated with human serum albumin(HSA) which were used as negative controls and with wells coated with C. jejuni lysate or C. jejuni Cdt which served as positive controls.RESULTS At 3 SD above the mean of control wells coated with HSA or 0.41 OD, the mouse monoclonal antibody made against C. jejuni showed moderate to high reactions with zonulin, somatotropin, acetylcholine receptor, β-amyloid and presenilin.This immune reaction was low with an additional 25 tissue antigens including asialoganglioside, and the same antibody did not react at all with another 15 tissue antigens. Examining the reaction between C. jejuni antibody and 180 food antigens, we found insignificant reactions with 163 foods but low to high immune reactions with 17 food antigens. Similarly, we examined the reaction of C. jejuni Cdt with the same tissues and food antigens. The strongest reactions were observed with zonulin, intrinsic factor and somatotropin. The reaction was moderate with 9 different tissue antigens including thyroid peroxidase, and reaction was low with another 10 different antigens, including neuronal antigens.The reaction of C. jejuni Cdt antibody with an additional 23 tissue antigens was insignificant. Regarding the reaction of C. jejuni Cdt antibody with different food antigens, 160 out of 180 foods showed insignificant reactions, while 20 foods showed reactions ranging from low to high.CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that C. jejuni and its Cdt may play a role in inflammation and autoimmunities beyond the gut.展开更多
BACKGROUND Although the impact of microbial infections on orthopedic clinical outcomes is well recognized,the influence of viral infections on the musculoskeletal system might have been underestimated.AIM To systemati...BACKGROUND Although the impact of microbial infections on orthopedic clinical outcomes is well recognized,the influence of viral infections on the musculoskeletal system might have been underestimated.AIM To systematically review the available evidence on risk factors and musculoskeletal manifestations following viral infections and to propose a pertinent classification scheme.METHODS We searched MEDLINE,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL),the Reference Citation Analysis(RCA),and Scopus for completed studies published before January 30,2021,to evaluate risk factors and bone and joint manifestations of viral infection in animal models and patient registries.Quality assessment was performed using SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies,Moga score for case series,Wylde score for registry studies,and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for case-control studies.RESULTS Six human and four animal studies were eligible for inclusion in the qualitative synthesis.Hepatitis C virus was implicated in several peri-and post-operative complications in patients without cirrhosis after major orthopedic surgery.Herpes virus may affect the integrity of lumbar discs,whereas Ross River and Chikungunya viruses provoke viral arthritis and bone loss.CONCLUSION Evidence of moderate strength suggested that viruses can cause moderate to severe arthritis and osteitis.Risk factors such as pre-existing rheumatologic disease contributed to higher disease severity and duration of symptoms.Therefore,based on our literature search,the proposed clinical and pathogenetic classification scheme is as follows:(1)Viral infections of bone or joint;(2)Active bone and joint inflammatory diseases secondary to viral infections in other organs or tissues;and(3)Viral infection as a risk factor for post-surgical bacterial infection.展开更多
Aeromonas hydrophila, a gram negative bacterium is a major fish pathogen and causes major economic losses to aquaculture industry. Outer membrane proteins play a significant role in its survival during different envir...Aeromonas hydrophila, a gram negative bacterium is a major fish pathogen and causes major economic losses to aquaculture industry. Outer membrane proteins play a significant role in its survival during different environmental conditions and bacterial pathogenesis. The outer membrane protein R (OmpR) is a member of the two-component regulatory system of Aeromonas hydrophila which differentially regulates the expression of OmpF or OmpC depending on the osmolarity conditions. Role of OmpR has been demonstrated in its virulence in other infectious bacteria and it is found to be a potential drug target/vaccine candidate. However, the OmpR of A. hydrophila has not been characterized. In the present study, we report recombinant expression, purification of the OmpR of A. hydrophila strain Ah17 in salt inducible E. coli GJ1158 cells. Leaky expression of rOmpR was confirmed by Western blot analysis using anti-6 × His antibody. The histidine tagged recombinant OmpR (rOmpR) (~29 kDa) was purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography from the soluble fraction of induced E. coli cells. The rOmpR was found to be highly immunogenic with end point titres of greater than 1:80,000. The anti-rOmpR antisera were capable of agglutinating live A. hydrophila cells, thus showing vaccine potential of the rOmpR.展开更多
BACKGROUND Serologic cross-reactivity between hantaviruses often complicates the interpretation of the results.AIM To analyze the diagnostic value of indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA)and western blot(WB)in the di...BACKGROUND Serologic cross-reactivity between hantaviruses often complicates the interpretation of the results.AIM To analyze the diagnostic value of indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA)and western blot(WB)in the diagnosis of hantavirus infections.METHODS One hundred eighty-eight serum samples from Puumala(PUUV)and Dobrava(DOBV)orthohantavirus infected patients were analyzed.Serology was performed using commercial tests(Euroimmun,Lübeck,Germany).RESULTS Using IFA,49.5%of acute-phase samples showed a monotypic response to PUUV,while 50.5% cross-reacted with other hantaviruses.The overall cross-reactivity was higher for immunoglobulin G(IgG)(50.0%)than for immunoglobulin M(IgM)(25.5%).PUUV IgM/IgG antibodies showed low/moderate reactivity with orthohantaviruses Hantaan(12.3%/31.5%),Seoul(7.5%/17.8%),DOBV(5.4%/28.1%),and Saaremaa(4.8%/15.7%).Both DOBV IgM and IgG antibodies were broadly reactive with Hantaan(76.2%/95.2%),Saaremaa(80.9%/83.3%),and Seoul(78.6%/85.7%)and moderate with PUUV(28.5%/38.1%).Using a WB,serotyping was successful in most cross-reactive samples(89.5%).CONCLUSION The presented results indicate that WB is more specific than IFA in the diagnosis of hantavirus infections,confirming serotype in most IFA cross-reactive samples.展开更多
This review aimed to assess the occurrence of false-positive serological reaction between dengue and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and its implications for diagnosis.Evidence syntheses were conducted by systematic...This review aimed to assess the occurrence of false-positive serological reaction between dengue and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and its implications for diagnosis.Evidence syntheses were conducted by systematically reviewing available literature using multiple databases,including Web of Science,PubMed,Google Scholar and medRxiv.Among a total of 16 presented cases from clinical settings,cross-reaction to COVID-19 serological tests was observed in two(12.5%)dengue-positive patients,while 14 patients(87.5%)confirmed positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)showed a cross-reaction with dengue serological tests,leading to misdiagnosis and mismanagement by attending clinicians.Of 1789 SARS-CoV-2-positive sera,cross-reaction to dengue serological tests was observed in 180 sera(10%),which is higher than the cross-reaction observed for SARS-CoV-2 in archived pre-COVID-19 sera positive for a dengue infection(75 of 811,9.2%,P=0.674).Clinicians in tropical regions are therefore advised to interpret serological tests with caution and use a more pragmatic approach to triage these infections.展开更多
We previously developed radioimmunoassays (RIAs) for digitoxin and digoxin using antisera raised against digitoxin 3’-hemisuccinate-bovine serum albumin and digoxin 3’-hemisuccinate-bovine serum albumin conjugates, ...We previously developed radioimmunoassays (RIAs) for digitoxin and digoxin using antisera raised against digitoxin 3’-hemisuccinate-bovine serum albumin and digoxin 3’-hemisuccinate-bovine serum albumin conjugates, respectively. Very recently, we converted the RIA for digoxin to an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) system. Here, we aimed to convert the RIA for digitoxin to an EIA suitable for measuring serum digitoxin level in patients, using digitoxin 3’-hemisuccinate-β-D-galactosidase as an enzyme-labeled antigen. The developed EIA showed a quantification range of 1 to 70 ng/mL and exhibited high specificity for digitoxin, with low cross-reactivity to digitoxin metabolites. Compared with a commercial anti-digitoxin antiserum clinically used to monitor serum digitoxin level in patients, our antiserum showed much higher specificity for intact digitoxin. Intra- and inter-assay variations were less than 10.0% and 8.5%, respectively. Recovery was within the range of 93.7% - 107.5%. Mean digitoxin concentrations measured in serum samples (n = 26) from digitoxin-treated patients by EIA using our new antiserum and the commercial anti-digitoxin antiserum were 11.0 and 13.8 ng/mL, respectively. The present EIA, which is superior to RIA in terms of convenience and disposal of waste materials, is expected to be practically useful for clinical monitoring of intact digitoxin in serum.展开更多
Members of the coronaviridae family are endemic to human populations and have caused several epidemics and pandemics in recent history.In this review,we will discuss the feasibility of and progress toward the ultimate...Members of the coronaviridae family are endemic to human populations and have caused several epidemics and pandemics in recent history.In this review,we will discuss the feasibility of and progress toward the ultimate goal of creating a pan-coronavirus vaccine that can protect against infection and disease by all members of the coronavirus family.We will detail the unmet clinical need associated with the continued transmission of SARS-CoV-2,MERS-CoV and the four seasonal coronaviruses(HCoV-OC43,NL63,HKU1 and 229E)in humans and the potential for future zoonotic coronaviruses.We will highlight how first-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and natural history studies have greatly increased our understanding of effective antiviral immunity to coronaviruses and have informed next-generation vaccine design.We will then consider the ideal properties of a pan-coronavirus vaccine and propose a blueprint for the type of immunity that may offer cross-protection.Finally,we will describe a subset of the diverse technologies and novel approaches being pursued with the goal of developing broadly or universally protective vaccines for coronaviruses.展开更多
To investigate the significance of the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) antibody,detected by ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA) for the SARS-CoV Vero E6 cell lysates,in non-SARS subjects, 114 ser...To investigate the significance of the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) antibody,detected by ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA) for the SARS-CoV Vero E6 cell lysates,in non-SARS subjects, 114 serum samples from healthy controls and 104 serum specimens from autoimmune disease patients were collected.The results of ELISA showed that among 114 sera from healthy controls,4 (3.5%) were positive of SARS-CoV-IgG antibody and 114 (100%) were all negative of SARS-CoV-IgM antibody;the specificity of SARS-CoV-IgG antibody for SARS patients was 96.5%,but the specificity of both SARS-CoV-IgG and -IgM antibodies for SARS patients was 100%.In 58 cases with SLE,positive rates of SARS-CoV-IgG and -IgM antibodies were 32.8% (19/58) and 8.6% (5/58),respectively,in which 11 cases (19%) were positive of both SARS-CoV-IgG and -IgM antibodies;in 10 cases with SS,positive rate of both SARS-CoV-IgG and -IgM antibodies was 10% (1/10);in 16 cases with MCTD,positive rate of SARS-CoV-IgG was 37.5% (6/16),positive rate of both SARS-CoV-IgG and -IgM antibodies was 6.3% (1/16);in 20 cases with RA,one case was positive (5%) of SARS-CoV-IgG.However,of all samples with positive SARS-CoV-IgG and -IgM antibodies for autoimmune diseases and healthy controls,SARS-CoV RNA and antibodies were all negative by RT-PCR and IFA.All sera for negative or positive ELISA results were also negative or positive results using ELISA with Vero E6 cells lysates.These studies showed that SARS-CoV Vero E6 cell lysates for the ELISA to detect SARS-CoV antibodies could lead to the false-positive reactions or cross-reactions of SARS-CoV antibodies in non-SARS diseases and healthy controls,and the false-positive reactions or cross-reactions were related to Vero E6 cell lysates and autoantibodies in non-SARS population.Cellular & Molecular Immunology.2004;1(4): 304-307.展开更多
Royal jelly is a honeybee nutriment secreted from the glands in the hypopharynx of worker bees essential in the development of queen bees. Ingestion of royal jelly has been reporied to trigger rhinitis, asthma, and an...Royal jelly is a honeybee nutriment secreted from the glands in the hypopharynx of worker bees essential in the development of queen bees. Ingestion of royal jelly has been reporied to trigger rhinitis, asthma, and anaphylaxis, but occupational asthrna occurring after inhalation of volatile royal jelly is rare.展开更多
The need for AIDS vaccine has been emphasized by the increase of HIV-1 prevalence in sexual transmission which bridges the spreading of HIV-1 from high-risk population to other populations. After more than two-decade ...The need for AIDS vaccine has been emphasized by the increase of HIV-1 prevalence in sexual transmission which bridges the spreading of HIV-1 from high-risk population to other populations. After more than two-decade intensive effort on the AIDS vaccine development, it remains elusive whether and how an effective vaccine will be achieved. Recent data released from a phase Ⅲ trial in Thailand showed a partial protection might be accomplishable by(R)the "prime-boost"combination of two vaccines: ALVAC(R) HIV vaccine (the prime), and AIDSVAX(R) B/E vaccine (the boost).1 This unprecedented large clinical trial observed that the prime-boost combination lowered the rate of HIV infection by 31.2% compared to placebo based on the modified intent-to-treat population (n=51 vs. n=74,respectively; P=0.04). However, debating on the efficacy interpretation of this trial arose among field scientists.Furthermore, how to improve the efficacy will become the most important question to be tackled. Here we reviewed the recent publications and summarized the major progress achieved.展开更多
After dengue virus(DENV)infection,antibody-dependent enhancement(ADE)is easy to occur when the neutralizing antibody(NAb)gradually decreases to a sub-neutralizing concentration.In this cohort surveillance,we utilized ...After dengue virus(DENV)infection,antibody-dependent enhancement(ADE)is easy to occur when the neutralizing antibody(NAb)gradually decreases to a sub-neutralizing concentration.In this cohort surveillance,we utilized sera samples collected from dengue fever patients at different convalescent phases in Jinghong City,to investigate the dynamic change rule of DENV-specific antibodies,and to analyze the risk of ADE caused by secondary infection with heterologous serotypes DENVs.For baseline serosurvey,191 four-year and 99 six-year sera samples during convalescence were collected in 2017 and 2019,respectively.The positive rate of DENVspecific immunoglobulin G was 98.4%in 2017,which significantly decreased to 82.8%in 2019.The geometric mean titer(GMT)of NAb decreased from 1:155.35 to 1:46.66.Among 290 overall samples,73 paired consecutive samples were used for follow-up serosurvey.In four-year sera,the GMTs of NAb against DENV-3 and cross-reactive antibodies against DENV-1,DENV-2 and DENV-4 were 1:167.70,1:13.80,1:18.54 and 1:45.26,respectively,which decreased to 1:53.18,1:10.30,1:14.60 and 1:8.17 in six-year sera.In age-stratified analysis,due to the increasing number of ADE positive samples from 2017 to 2019 in 31–40 and 51–60 years groups,the risk of ADE in DENV-4 infection was positively associated with the extension of convalescent phase,and the odd ratio was higher than other groups.With the recovery period lengthened,the risk of secondary infection with DENV-1 and DENV-2 was reduced.Our results offer essential experimental data for risk prediction of severe dengue in hyper-endemic dengue areas,and provide crucial scientific insight for the development of effective dengue vaccines.展开更多
Background Allergen micro-arrays are powerful tools for screening of serum IgE-reactivity. In this study allergen micro-arrays were used to identify dominating IgE-binding allergens and cross-reactivity patterns among...Background Allergen micro-arrays are powerful tools for screening of serum IgE-reactivity. In this study allergen micro-arrays were used to identify dominating IgE-binding allergens and cross-reactivity patterns among selected Chinese allergy patients. Methods The study was conducted using patient sera from the cities of Guangzhou, Nanjing, Chengdu and Shenyang. In total 100 sera with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) specific IgE-levels higher than 50 kU/L were selected for testing against 103 individual allergens. Results Among 100 selected patients, 95% showed IgE-reactivity towards house-dust mite allergens Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f) 1, Der f 2 and Der p 2 and 94% were IgE positive against Der p 1, and 60% of sera contained IgE reacting against allergen Euroglyphus maynei (Eur m) 2. IgE against cat allergen, Felisdomesticus (Fel d) 1, was seen in 20%. Only 2% showed specific IgE-reactivity to Der p 10, a panallergen belonging to the tropomyosin family. Serum IgE-reactivity towards other allergens was in general low. IgE-reactivity against pollen allergens showed geographic differences. Conclusions This study clearly confirms that group 1 and group 2 are major allergens of house dust mites. These selected house-dust mite allergy patients are close to being mono-sensitized. Der p 10 is not an important allergen for cross-reactivity. Specific IgE-sensitization towards pollen allergens is low in southern China compared to other regions. The prevalence of food and stinging insect allergens known to give rise to IgE-mediated cross-reactivity is 2% or less.展开更多
Over the past decade, we have seen an alarming number of high-profile outbreaks of newly emerging and re-emerging viruses.Recent outbreaks of avian influenza viruses, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses, Zi...Over the past decade, we have seen an alarming number of high-profile outbreaks of newly emerging and re-emerging viruses.Recent outbreaks of avian influenza viruses, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses, Zika virus and Ebola virus present great threats to global health. Considering the pivotal role of host T-cell immunity in the alleviation of symptoms and the clearance of viruses in patients, there are three issues to be primarily concerned about T-cell immunity when a new virus emerges: first, does the population possess pre-existing T-cells against the new virus through previous infections of genetically relevant viruses; second, does a proper immune response arise in the patients to provide protection through an immunopathogenic effect; lastly, how long can the virus-specific immune memory persist. Herein, we summarize the current updates on the characteristics of human T-cell immunological responses against recently emerged or re-emerged viruses, and emphasize the necessity for timely investigation on the T-cell features of these viral diseases, which may provide beneficial recommendations for clinical diagnosis and vaccine development.展开更多
Background Cockroaches are an important indoor allergen source causing allergic rhinitis and asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the cockroach prevalence in mainland of China and the cross-reactivity of I...Background Cockroaches are an important indoor allergen source causing allergic rhinitis and asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the cockroach prevalence in mainland of China and the cross-reactivity of IgE between cockroach and house dust mite allergen in Chinese patients.Methods The cockroach sensitization pattern was based on a skin prick test (SPT) obtained from a national multicenter prevalence study, in which 6304 patients from 25 allergy centers across China participated. Factors, including different regions of China, age, gender and the correlations between the American and German cockroaches and house dust mite Der p were investigated. Eighteen out of 1236 clinical sera from south China were selected to perform the cross-inhibition assay between house dust mites and cockroaches.Results Totally 25.7% of patients were SPT positive to the American cockroach (Periplaneta Americana, Per a) and 18.7% SPT positive to the German cockroach (Blattella germanica, Bla g). The prevalence of positive cockroach SPT was higher in southern than in northern China, higher in adults than in children, and higher in males than in females.Patients had relatively low levels of cockroach SPT reactions, mainly class 1 or 2. Of the SPT positive cockroach patients,88% were also SPT positive to house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Der p). An IgE cross-inhibition study confirmed that Der P sensitization could cause false positive SPT reactions against cockroach.Conclusions A relatively high prevalence of cockroach sensitivity was found in mainland of China. However, a cross-inhibition study showed that only a small number of patients appear to have Bla g and/or Per a as primary sensitizing source. The importance of cockroaches as a risk factor for sensitization and triggers of allergic symptoms in mainland of China needs to be further investigated.展开更多
基金supported by National Science and Technology Major Project of China[2018ZX10731301-002]。
文摘Objectives To evaluate the immunogenicity of Mycobacterium intracellulare proteins and determine the cross-reactive proteins between M.intracellulare and M.tuberculosis.Methods Protein extracts from M.intracellulare were used to immunize BALB/c mice.The antigens were evaluated using cellular and humoral immunoassays.The common genes between M.intracellular and M.tuberculosis were identified using genome-wide comparative analysis,and cross-reactive proteins were screened using immunoproteome microarrays.Results Immunization with M.intracellulare proteins induced significantly higher levels of the cytokines interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleukin-2(IL-2),interleukin-12(IL-12),interleukin-6(IL-6)and immunoglobulins IgG,IgG1,IgM,and IgG2a in mouse serum.Bone marrow-derived macrophages isolated from mice immunized with M.intracellulare antigens displayed significantly lower bacillary loads than those isolated from mice immunized with adjuvants.Whole-genome sequence analysis revealed 396 common genes between M.intracellulare and M.tuberculosis.Microchip hybridization with M.tuberculosis proteins revealed the presence of 478 proteins in the serum of mice immunized with M.intracellulare protein extracts.Sixty common antigens were found using both microchip and genomic comparative analyses.Conclusion This is the advanced study to investigate the immunogenicity of M.intracellulare proteins and the cross-reactive proteins between M.intracellulare and M.tuberculosis.The results revealed the presence of a number of cross-reactive proteins between M.intracellulare and M.tuberculosis.Therefore,this study provides a new way of identifying immunogenic proteins for use in tuberculosis vaccines against both M.intracellulare and M.tuberculosis in future.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China, No 30500476The National High-Tech Science Foundation of China, No 2008AA02Z434+1 种基金National S and T Major Projects for Infectious Disease Control, No 2008ZX10002-013 and 2009ZX09103-621Beijing Natural Science Foundation, No 7082048
文摘AIM:To evaluate the presence and cross-reactive anti-bodies against hypervariable region 1(HVR1) in hepatitis C virus(HCV) infected patients and its relationship with the progression of the disease.METHODS:Sixteen representative HVR1 proteins selected from a unique set of 1600 natural sequences were used to semiquantitate the cross-reactivity of HVR1 antibodies in the sera of HCV patients.Fifty-five chronic HCV patients including 23 with asymptomatic mild hepatitis,18 with chronic hepatitis and 16 with liver cirrhosis patients were studied.RESULTS:The degree of the cross-reactivity of anti-HVR1 antibodies in 23 patients with mild asymptomatic hepatitis was 3.09 ± 2.68,which was signif icantly lower than in those with chronic hepatitis(5.44 ± 3.93,P < 0.05) and liver cirrhosis(7.44 ± 3.90,P < 0.01).No correlation was observed between the broadness of the cross-reactivity anti-HVR1 antibodies and patient's age,infection time,serum alanine aminotransferase activity,or serum HCV-RNA concentration.It was the breath of cross-reactivity rather than the presence of anti-HVR1 antibody in HCV sera that was associated with the progression of liver disease.CONCLUSION:The broadly cross-reactive HVR1 antibodies generated in natural HCV patients can not neutralize the virus,which results in persistent infection in patients with chronic hepatitis.
文摘In patients with respiratory allergy,cross-reactivity between aeroallergens and foods may induce food allergy,symptoms ranging from oral allergy syndrome to severe anaphylaxis.Clinical entities due to Ig E sensitization to cross-reactive aeroallergen and food allergen components are described for many sources of plant origin(pollen-food syndromes and associations,such as birch-apple,cypress-peach and celery-mugwortspice syndromes,and mugwort-peach,mugwortchamomile,mugwort-mustard,ragweed-melon-banana,goosefoot-melon associations),fungal origin(Alternariaspinach syndrome),and invertebrate,mammalian or avian origin(mite-shrimp,cat-pork,and bird-egg syndromes).Clinical cases of allergic reactions to ingestion of food products containing pollen grains of specific plants,in patients with respiratory allergy to Asteraceae pollen,especially mugwort and ragweed,are also mentioned,for honey,royal jelly and bee polen dietary supplements,along with allergic reactions to foods contaminated with mites or fungi in patients with respiratory allergy to these aeroallergens.Medical history and diagnosis approach may be guided by the knowledge about the diverse cross-reacting allergens involved,and by the understanding of these clinical entities which may vary significantly or may be overlapping.The association between primary Ig E sensitization with respiratory symptoms to inhaled allergens and food allergy due to cross-reactive allergen components is important to assess in allergy practice.The use of molecular-based diagnosis improves the understanding of clinically relevant Ig E sensitization to cross-reactive allergen components from aeroallergen sources and foods.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(994162).
文摘An ester activation method was employed to couple enrofloxacin(ENFX) to the carrier proteins BSA and OVA. The conjugates ENFX-BSA and ENFX-OVA were identified with an UV spectrophotometer and amino acid automation analysis instrument, and resulted in conjugates with 48 ENFX molecules per carrier molecule(BSA). Splenocytes from mice immunized with ENFX-BSA were fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells and hybridomas secreting antibodies against enrofloxacin were selected and cloned. Two stable monoclonal antibodies, 2C5, 5D5 of the subclass IgG2a, were isolated. Using antibody 5D5, an indirect competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Ci-ELISA) was developed for the quantitative detection of enrofloxacin and its metabolites. The IC50 of the standard curve was 21.67 ng mL-1 and the limit of detection for enrofloxacin was 0.13 ng mL-1. This method was sensitive and had a linear range from 0.13 to 10 000 ng mL-1 (r= -0.9782). Monoclonal antibody 5D5 exhibited high relative affinity to enrofloxacin, and the cross-reactivities with ciprofloxacin, marbofloxacin, sarafloxacin and danorfloxacin were 110.8, 27.40, 71.05 and 37.41%, respectively. Three non-fluoroquinolones of cefadroxil, chloramphenicol, sulfadimethoxine were tested and there was no cross-reaction between them.
文摘A subgroup of coeliac disease patients continues to experience symptoms even on a gluten-free diet (GFD). We attempted to determine whether these symptoms could be due to either cross-contamination with gluten-containing foods or cross-reactivity between α-gliadin and non-gluten foods consumed on a GFD. We measured the reactivity of affinity-purified polyclonal and monoclonal α-gliadin 33-mer peptide antibodies against gliadin and additional food antigens commonly consumed by patients on a GFD using ELISA and dot-blot. We also examined the immune reactivity of these antibodies with various tissue antigens. We observed significant immune reactivity when these antibodies were applied to cow’s milk, milk chocolate, milk butyrophilin, whey protein, casein, yeast, oats, corn, millet, instant coffee and rice. To investigate whether there was cross-reactivity between α-gliadin antibody and different tissue antigens, we measured the degree to which this antibody bound to these antigens. The most significant binding occurred with asialoganglioside, hepatocyte, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, adrenal 21-hydroxylase, and various neural antigens. The specificity of anti-α-gliadin binding to different food and tissue antigens was demonstrated by absorption and inhibition studies. We also observed significant cross-reactivity between α-gliadin 33-mer and various food antigens, but some of these reactions were associated with the contamination of non-gluten foods with traces of gluten. The consumption of cross-reactive foods as well as gluten-contaminated foods may be responsible for the continuing symptoms presented by a subgroup of patients with coeliac disease. The lack of response of some CD patients may also be due to antibody cross-reactivity with non-gliadin foods. These should then be treated as gluten-like peptides and should also be excluded from the diet when the GFD seems to fail.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China[2018YFC1602500]the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin[19JCZDJC39900]
文摘Objective To establish an ultra-sensitive,ultra-fast,visible detection method for Vibrio parahaemolyticus(VP).Methods We established a new method for detecting the tdh and trh genes of VP using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 12a(CRISPR/Cas12a)combined with recombinase polymerase amplification and visual detection(CRISPR/Cas12a-VD).Results CRISPR/Cas12a-VD accurately detected target DNA at concentrations as low as 10^(-18)M(single molecule detection)within 30 min without cross-reactivity against other bacteria.When detecting pure cultures of VP,the consistency of results reached 100%compared with real-time PCR.The method accurately analysed pure cultures and spiked shrimp samples at concentrations as low as 10^(2)CFU/g.Conclusion The novel CRISPR/Cas12a-VD method for detecting VP performed better than traditional detection methods,such as real-time PCR,and has great potential for preventing the spread of pathogens.
文摘BACKGROUND The bacteria Campylobacter jejuni(C. jejuni) is commonly associated with GuillaneBarré syndrome(GBS) and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS), but studies have also linked it with Miller Fisher syndrome, reactive arthritis and other disorders, some of which are autoimmune. It is possible that C. jejuni and its toxins may be crossreactive with some human tissues and food antigens, potentially leading to autoimmune responses.AIM To measure the immune reactivity of C. jejuni and C. jejuni cytolethal distending toxin(Cdt) antibodies with tissue and food antigens to examine their role in autoimmunities.METHODS Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) methodology, specific antibodies made against C. jejuni and C. jejuni Cdt were applied to a variety of microwell plates coated with 45 tissues and 180 food antigens. The resulting immunoreactivities were compared to reactions with control wells coated with human serum albumin(HSA) which were used as negative controls and with wells coated with C. jejuni lysate or C. jejuni Cdt which served as positive controls.RESULTS At 3 SD above the mean of control wells coated with HSA or 0.41 OD, the mouse monoclonal antibody made against C. jejuni showed moderate to high reactions with zonulin, somatotropin, acetylcholine receptor, β-amyloid and presenilin.This immune reaction was low with an additional 25 tissue antigens including asialoganglioside, and the same antibody did not react at all with another 15 tissue antigens. Examining the reaction between C. jejuni antibody and 180 food antigens, we found insignificant reactions with 163 foods but low to high immune reactions with 17 food antigens. Similarly, we examined the reaction of C. jejuni Cdt with the same tissues and food antigens. The strongest reactions were observed with zonulin, intrinsic factor and somatotropin. The reaction was moderate with 9 different tissue antigens including thyroid peroxidase, and reaction was low with another 10 different antigens, including neuronal antigens.The reaction of C. jejuni Cdt antibody with an additional 23 tissue antigens was insignificant. Regarding the reaction of C. jejuni Cdt antibody with different food antigens, 160 out of 180 foods showed insignificant reactions, while 20 foods showed reactions ranging from low to high.CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that C. jejuni and its Cdt may play a role in inflammation and autoimmunities beyond the gut.
文摘BACKGROUND Although the impact of microbial infections on orthopedic clinical outcomes is well recognized,the influence of viral infections on the musculoskeletal system might have been underestimated.AIM To systematically review the available evidence on risk factors and musculoskeletal manifestations following viral infections and to propose a pertinent classification scheme.METHODS We searched MEDLINE,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL),the Reference Citation Analysis(RCA),and Scopus for completed studies published before January 30,2021,to evaluate risk factors and bone and joint manifestations of viral infection in animal models and patient registries.Quality assessment was performed using SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies,Moga score for case series,Wylde score for registry studies,and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for case-control studies.RESULTS Six human and four animal studies were eligible for inclusion in the qualitative synthesis.Hepatitis C virus was implicated in several peri-and post-operative complications in patients without cirrhosis after major orthopedic surgery.Herpes virus may affect the integrity of lumbar discs,whereas Ross River and Chikungunya viruses provoke viral arthritis and bone loss.CONCLUSION Evidence of moderate strength suggested that viruses can cause moderate to severe arthritis and osteitis.Risk factors such as pre-existing rheumatologic disease contributed to higher disease severity and duration of symptoms.Therefore,based on our literature search,the proposed clinical and pathogenetic classification scheme is as follows:(1)Viral infections of bone or joint;(2)Active bone and joint inflammatory diseases secondary to viral infections in other organs or tissues;and(3)Viral infection as a risk factor for post-surgical bacterial infection.
文摘Aeromonas hydrophila, a gram negative bacterium is a major fish pathogen and causes major economic losses to aquaculture industry. Outer membrane proteins play a significant role in its survival during different environmental conditions and bacterial pathogenesis. The outer membrane protein R (OmpR) is a member of the two-component regulatory system of Aeromonas hydrophila which differentially regulates the expression of OmpF or OmpC depending on the osmolarity conditions. Role of OmpR has been demonstrated in its virulence in other infectious bacteria and it is found to be a potential drug target/vaccine candidate. However, the OmpR of A. hydrophila has not been characterized. In the present study, we report recombinant expression, purification of the OmpR of A. hydrophila strain Ah17 in salt inducible E. coli GJ1158 cells. Leaky expression of rOmpR was confirmed by Western blot analysis using anti-6 × His antibody. The histidine tagged recombinant OmpR (rOmpR) (~29 kDa) was purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography from the soluble fraction of induced E. coli cells. The rOmpR was found to be highly immunogenic with end point titres of greater than 1:80,000. The anti-rOmpR antisera were capable of agglutinating live A. hydrophila cells, thus showing vaccine potential of the rOmpR.
文摘BACKGROUND Serologic cross-reactivity between hantaviruses often complicates the interpretation of the results.AIM To analyze the diagnostic value of indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA)and western blot(WB)in the diagnosis of hantavirus infections.METHODS One hundred eighty-eight serum samples from Puumala(PUUV)and Dobrava(DOBV)orthohantavirus infected patients were analyzed.Serology was performed using commercial tests(Euroimmun,Lübeck,Germany).RESULTS Using IFA,49.5%of acute-phase samples showed a monotypic response to PUUV,while 50.5% cross-reacted with other hantaviruses.The overall cross-reactivity was higher for immunoglobulin G(IgG)(50.0%)than for immunoglobulin M(IgM)(25.5%).PUUV IgM/IgG antibodies showed low/moderate reactivity with orthohantaviruses Hantaan(12.3%/31.5%),Seoul(7.5%/17.8%),DOBV(5.4%/28.1%),and Saaremaa(4.8%/15.7%).Both DOBV IgM and IgG antibodies were broadly reactive with Hantaan(76.2%/95.2%),Saaremaa(80.9%/83.3%),and Seoul(78.6%/85.7%)and moderate with PUUV(28.5%/38.1%).Using a WB,serotyping was successful in most cross-reactive samples(89.5%).CONCLUSION The presented results indicate that WB is more specific than IFA in the diagnosis of hantavirus infections,confirming serotype in most IFA cross-reactive samples.
文摘This review aimed to assess the occurrence of false-positive serological reaction between dengue and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and its implications for diagnosis.Evidence syntheses were conducted by systematically reviewing available literature using multiple databases,including Web of Science,PubMed,Google Scholar and medRxiv.Among a total of 16 presented cases from clinical settings,cross-reaction to COVID-19 serological tests was observed in two(12.5%)dengue-positive patients,while 14 patients(87.5%)confirmed positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)showed a cross-reaction with dengue serological tests,leading to misdiagnosis and mismanagement by attending clinicians.Of 1789 SARS-CoV-2-positive sera,cross-reaction to dengue serological tests was observed in 180 sera(10%),which is higher than the cross-reaction observed for SARS-CoV-2 in archived pre-COVID-19 sera positive for a dengue infection(75 of 811,9.2%,P=0.674).Clinicians in tropical regions are therefore advised to interpret serological tests with caution and use a more pragmatic approach to triage these infections.
文摘We previously developed radioimmunoassays (RIAs) for digitoxin and digoxin using antisera raised against digitoxin 3’-hemisuccinate-bovine serum albumin and digoxin 3’-hemisuccinate-bovine serum albumin conjugates, respectively. Very recently, we converted the RIA for digoxin to an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) system. Here, we aimed to convert the RIA for digitoxin to an EIA suitable for measuring serum digitoxin level in patients, using digitoxin 3’-hemisuccinate-β-D-galactosidase as an enzyme-labeled antigen. The developed EIA showed a quantification range of 1 to 70 ng/mL and exhibited high specificity for digitoxin, with low cross-reactivity to digitoxin metabolites. Compared with a commercial anti-digitoxin antiserum clinically used to monitor serum digitoxin level in patients, our antiserum showed much higher specificity for intact digitoxin. Intra- and inter-assay variations were less than 10.0% and 8.5%, respectively. Recovery was within the range of 93.7% - 107.5%. Mean digitoxin concentrations measured in serum samples (n = 26) from digitoxin-treated patients by EIA using our new antiserum and the commercial anti-digitoxin antiserum were 11.0 and 13.8 ng/mL, respectively. The present EIA, which is superior to RIA in terms of convenience and disposal of waste materials, is expected to be practically useful for clinical monitoring of intact digitoxin in serum.
基金funded by a Rosetrees Trust and Pears Foundation Advancement Fellowship,SC is funded by a BBSRC LIDo-DTP PhD studentship(BB/T008709/1)UD is funded by an MRC DTP PhD studentship(MR/W006774/1)funding from the UCL Therapeutic.Acceleration Support scheme supported by funding from MRC IAA 2021 UCL MR/X502984/1.
文摘Members of the coronaviridae family are endemic to human populations and have caused several epidemics and pandemics in recent history.In this review,we will discuss the feasibility of and progress toward the ultimate goal of creating a pan-coronavirus vaccine that can protect against infection and disease by all members of the coronavirus family.We will detail the unmet clinical need associated with the continued transmission of SARS-CoV-2,MERS-CoV and the four seasonal coronaviruses(HCoV-OC43,NL63,HKU1 and 229E)in humans and the potential for future zoonotic coronaviruses.We will highlight how first-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and natural history studies have greatly increased our understanding of effective antiviral immunity to coronaviruses and have informed next-generation vaccine design.We will then consider the ideal properties of a pan-coronavirus vaccine and propose a blueprint for the type of immunity that may offer cross-protection.Finally,we will describe a subset of the diverse technologies and novel approaches being pursued with the goal of developing broadly or universally protective vaccines for coronaviruses.
文摘To investigate the significance of the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) antibody,detected by ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA) for the SARS-CoV Vero E6 cell lysates,in non-SARS subjects, 114 serum samples from healthy controls and 104 serum specimens from autoimmune disease patients were collected.The results of ELISA showed that among 114 sera from healthy controls,4 (3.5%) were positive of SARS-CoV-IgG antibody and 114 (100%) were all negative of SARS-CoV-IgM antibody;the specificity of SARS-CoV-IgG antibody for SARS patients was 96.5%,but the specificity of both SARS-CoV-IgG and -IgM antibodies for SARS patients was 100%.In 58 cases with SLE,positive rates of SARS-CoV-IgG and -IgM antibodies were 32.8% (19/58) and 8.6% (5/58),respectively,in which 11 cases (19%) were positive of both SARS-CoV-IgG and -IgM antibodies;in 10 cases with SS,positive rate of both SARS-CoV-IgG and -IgM antibodies was 10% (1/10);in 16 cases with MCTD,positive rate of SARS-CoV-IgG was 37.5% (6/16),positive rate of both SARS-CoV-IgG and -IgM antibodies was 6.3% (1/16);in 20 cases with RA,one case was positive (5%) of SARS-CoV-IgG.However,of all samples with positive SARS-CoV-IgG and -IgM antibodies for autoimmune diseases and healthy controls,SARS-CoV RNA and antibodies were all negative by RT-PCR and IFA.All sera for negative or positive ELISA results were also negative or positive results using ELISA with Vero E6 cells lysates.These studies showed that SARS-CoV Vero E6 cell lysates for the ELISA to detect SARS-CoV antibodies could lead to the false-positive reactions or cross-reactions of SARS-CoV antibodies in non-SARS diseases and healthy controls,and the false-positive reactions or cross-reactions were related to Vero E6 cell lysates and autoantibodies in non-SARS population.Cellular & Molecular Immunology.2004;1(4): 304-307.
文摘Royal jelly is a honeybee nutriment secreted from the glands in the hypopharynx of worker bees essential in the development of queen bees. Ingestion of royal jelly has been reporied to trigger rhinitis, asthma, and anaphylaxis, but occupational asthrna occurring after inhalation of volatile royal jelly is rare.
文摘The need for AIDS vaccine has been emphasized by the increase of HIV-1 prevalence in sexual transmission which bridges the spreading of HIV-1 from high-risk population to other populations. After more than two-decade intensive effort on the AIDS vaccine development, it remains elusive whether and how an effective vaccine will be achieved. Recent data released from a phase Ⅲ trial in Thailand showed a partial protection might be accomplishable by(R)the "prime-boost"combination of two vaccines: ALVAC(R) HIV vaccine (the prime), and AIDSVAX(R) B/E vaccine (the boost).1 This unprecedented large clinical trial observed that the prime-boost combination lowered the rate of HIV infection by 31.2% compared to placebo based on the modified intent-to-treat population (n=51 vs. n=74,respectively; P=0.04). However, debating on the efficacy interpretation of this trial arose among field scientists.Furthermore, how to improve the efficacy will become the most important question to be tackled. Here we reviewed the recent publications and summarized the major progress achieved.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grants 81772172,U1902210,81972979 and 81902048
文摘After dengue virus(DENV)infection,antibody-dependent enhancement(ADE)is easy to occur when the neutralizing antibody(NAb)gradually decreases to a sub-neutralizing concentration.In this cohort surveillance,we utilized sera samples collected from dengue fever patients at different convalescent phases in Jinghong City,to investigate the dynamic change rule of DENV-specific antibodies,and to analyze the risk of ADE caused by secondary infection with heterologous serotypes DENVs.For baseline serosurvey,191 four-year and 99 six-year sera samples during convalescence were collected in 2017 and 2019,respectively.The positive rate of DENVspecific immunoglobulin G was 98.4%in 2017,which significantly decreased to 82.8%in 2019.The geometric mean titer(GMT)of NAb decreased from 1:155.35 to 1:46.66.Among 290 overall samples,73 paired consecutive samples were used for follow-up serosurvey.In four-year sera,the GMTs of NAb against DENV-3 and cross-reactive antibodies against DENV-1,DENV-2 and DENV-4 were 1:167.70,1:13.80,1:18.54 and 1:45.26,respectively,which decreased to 1:53.18,1:10.30,1:14.60 and 1:8.17 in six-year sera.In age-stratified analysis,due to the increasing number of ADE positive samples from 2017 to 2019 in 31–40 and 51–60 years groups,the risk of ADE in DENV-4 infection was positively associated with the extension of convalescent phase,and the odd ratio was higher than other groups.With the recovery period lengthened,the risk of secondary infection with DENV-1 and DENV-2 was reduced.Our results offer essential experimental data for risk prediction of severe dengue in hyper-endemic dengue areas,and provide crucial scientific insight for the development of effective dengue vaccines.
文摘Background Allergen micro-arrays are powerful tools for screening of serum IgE-reactivity. In this study allergen micro-arrays were used to identify dominating IgE-binding allergens and cross-reactivity patterns among selected Chinese allergy patients. Methods The study was conducted using patient sera from the cities of Guangzhou, Nanjing, Chengdu and Shenyang. In total 100 sera with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) specific IgE-levels higher than 50 kU/L were selected for testing against 103 individual allergens. Results Among 100 selected patients, 95% showed IgE-reactivity towards house-dust mite allergens Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f) 1, Der f 2 and Der p 2 and 94% were IgE positive against Der p 1, and 60% of sera contained IgE reacting against allergen Euroglyphus maynei (Eur m) 2. IgE against cat allergen, Felisdomesticus (Fel d) 1, was seen in 20%. Only 2% showed specific IgE-reactivity to Der p 10, a panallergen belonging to the tropomyosin family. Serum IgE-reactivity towards other allergens was in general low. IgE-reactivity against pollen allergens showed geographic differences. Conclusions This study clearly confirms that group 1 and group 2 are major allergens of house dust mites. These selected house-dust mite allergy patients are close to being mono-sensitized. Der p 10 is not an important allergen for cross-reactivity. Specific IgE-sensitization towards pollen allergens is low in southern China compared to other regions. The prevalence of food and stinging insect allergens known to give rise to IgE-mediated cross-reactivity is 2% or less.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1200202)the China Mega-Project on Infectious Disease Prevention(2016ZX10004222-003)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81401312,81373141)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Innovative Research Group(81621091)
文摘Over the past decade, we have seen an alarming number of high-profile outbreaks of newly emerging and re-emerging viruses.Recent outbreaks of avian influenza viruses, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses, Zika virus and Ebola virus present great threats to global health. Considering the pivotal role of host T-cell immunity in the alleviation of symptoms and the clearance of viruses in patients, there are three issues to be primarily concerned about T-cell immunity when a new virus emerges: first, does the population possess pre-existing T-cells against the new virus through previous infections of genetically relevant viruses; second, does a proper immune response arise in the patients to provide protection through an immunopathogenic effect; lastly, how long can the virus-specific immune memory persist. Herein, we summarize the current updates on the characteristics of human T-cell immunological responses against recently emerged or re-emerged viruses, and emphasize the necessity for timely investigation on the T-cell features of these viral diseases, which may provide beneficial recommendations for clinical diagnosis and vaccine development.
文摘Background Cockroaches are an important indoor allergen source causing allergic rhinitis and asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the cockroach prevalence in mainland of China and the cross-reactivity of IgE between cockroach and house dust mite allergen in Chinese patients.Methods The cockroach sensitization pattern was based on a skin prick test (SPT) obtained from a national multicenter prevalence study, in which 6304 patients from 25 allergy centers across China participated. Factors, including different regions of China, age, gender and the correlations between the American and German cockroaches and house dust mite Der p were investigated. Eighteen out of 1236 clinical sera from south China were selected to perform the cross-inhibition assay between house dust mites and cockroaches.Results Totally 25.7% of patients were SPT positive to the American cockroach (Periplaneta Americana, Per a) and 18.7% SPT positive to the German cockroach (Blattella germanica, Bla g). The prevalence of positive cockroach SPT was higher in southern than in northern China, higher in adults than in children, and higher in males than in females.Patients had relatively low levels of cockroach SPT reactions, mainly class 1 or 2. Of the SPT positive cockroach patients,88% were also SPT positive to house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Der p). An IgE cross-inhibition study confirmed that Der P sensitization could cause false positive SPT reactions against cockroach.Conclusions A relatively high prevalence of cockroach sensitivity was found in mainland of China. However, a cross-inhibition study showed that only a small number of patients appear to have Bla g and/or Per a as primary sensitizing source. The importance of cockroaches as a risk factor for sensitization and triggers of allergic symptoms in mainland of China needs to be further investigated.