Study on the Comparison of Arthropod Communities in Three Kinds of Cruciferous Vegetable Fields at High Mountainous Area

[Objective]This research aimed to compare arthropod communities in different cruciferous vegetable fields at high mountainous area and provide guidance for pest control. [Method] The main arthropod species in 3 kinds of erueiferous vegetable fields at high mountainous area were investigated, the composition of arthropod community in different vegetable fields were analyzed. [Result] The main arthropod species in erueiferous vegetables fields at high mountainous area were similar, but had different quantity compositions. The richness was the highest in radish field. [Conclusion] Crop species had great influence on biological community; we should focus on the main pests in the process of pest control.

Comparison on the Tolerance of Cruciferous Crops and Leguminous Crops to Microcystin

[Objective] To study the differences in the tolerance of leguminous crops and cruciferous crops to microcystin （MC）. [Methed] The cruciferous typical crops oilseed rapes, pakchois, cabbages and leguminous typical crops soybeans, peas and broad beans were selected as the materials to test the effects of MC of differ- ent concentrations on the germination, growth and development of leguminous crops and cruciferous crops. The measurement indicators included germination rate, plant height, chlorophyll, etc. [Result] The MC had great effects on the oilseed rape and pakchois of cruciferous crops, and smaller effects on cabbage, while the leguminous crops were generally not affected. [Conclusion] Leguminous crops are more tolerant to MC than cruciferous crops and more preferential in MC polluted regions.

Incidence and prevalence levels of three aphid-transmitted viruses in crucifer crops in China

Poleroviruses,which are distributed worldwide,infect many crops of economic importance and cause severe plant diseases.Brassica yellows virus(Br YV),which has three genotypes,A,B,and C,is a newly identified polerovirus infecting crucifer crops in China,but its distribution is still unclear.Here,we report the distribution and prevalence levels of the three Br YV genotypes in crucifer crops in China.A total of 570 crucifer leaf samples randomly collected from 22 provinces,four ethnic minority autonomous regions,and three municipalities in China were tested for Br YV.RT-PCR detection showed that 97 of the field samples were positive for Br YV,and the average incidence of Br YV was 17.0%.The virus was detected in 22 provinces,with high incidences in north,northwest,and northeast China.The multiplex RT-PCR amplification of the three Br YV genotypes revealed that both single and mixed infections occurred.Among the Br YV infections,38.1% were mixinfected by more than two viral genotypes,and 8.2% samples were mix-infected by three viral genotypes.Our findings indicated a widespread prevalence of Br YV in China,and Br YV mixed infections with Turnip mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus in crucifer crops are common.This study is the first large-scale survey of Br YV in crucifer crops in China.The information generated in this investigation will contribute to the national prevention and control of viral diseases.

Sulforaphene and sulforaphane in commonly consumed cruciferous plants contributed to antiproliferation in HCT116 colon cancer cells

Objective: To analyze two isothiocyanates(sulforaphene and sulforaphane) and their antiproliferative effect of 11 indigenous cruciferous vegetables.Methods: Phytoconstituents identification was conducted by high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer techniques. The antiproliferation was evaluated in colon cancer cell line HCT116 by MTT assay.Results: Isothiocyanate identification by high performance liquid chromatography showed that broccoli, cabbage, "Khi-Hood"(Raphanus sativus L. var. caudatus Alef) and Chinese radish contained isothiocyanates sulforaphane. Sulforaphene and sulforaphane in broccoli, cabbage and "Khi-Hood" were characterized by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis. Antiproliferation screening by MTT assay found that the potent plants which possessed IC_(50) below 50 mg/m L were cabbage and "Khi-Hood", while the others had low antiproliferation with IC_(50) higher than 50 mg/m L. Difference in antiproliferation was probably due to difference existed phytochemical constituents in each plant. "Khi-Hood" possessed the highest antiproliferation against HCT116 with the lowest IC_(50)at(9.42 ± 0.46) mg/m L. The IC_(50) of chemotherapeutic drug(mitomycin C)was(19.12 ± 1.00) mg/m L, while both melphalan and 5-fluorouracil possessed the IC_(50) value higher than 50 mg/m L.Conclusions: Commonly consumed cruciferous vegetables exerted varied antiproliferation and isothiocyanate contents. High isothiocyanate content in "Khi-Hood" was contributed to high antiproliferation. Among 11 plants studied, "Khi-Hood" could be an alternative chemopreventive diet.

Chemopreventive Potential of Canola Leafy Greens and Other Cruciferous Vegetables on Azoxymethane (AOM)-Induced Colon Cancer in Fisher-344 Male Rats

Cruciferous vegetables have great health benefits, and their components may be significant in the inhibition of colon tumors. The objective of this study was to investigate and compare the chemopreventive potential of cabbage, turnip greens, collard greens and canola greens on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon cancer. Following a one-week acclimatization period, forty-two Fisher-344 male rats were randomly assigned to five groups (treatment groups: n = 8;control: n = 10). Four groups were fed treatment diets consisting of the selected cruciferous vegetables at 5%, while the C group was fed AIN-93 growth diet. Colon tumors were induced by administration of AOM at 7 and 8 weeks of age and rats were killed by CO2 asphyxiation at 45 weeks of age. Results show a 42.85% tumors incidence in rats fed canola greens compared to 100% in the rats fed cabbage and the control. Rats fed control had higher tumors/ tumor bearing rat (TBR) ratio (4.5) compared to those seen in treatment groups (1 - 1.71). Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were noted in weight gain, cecal wall weight and total cecal weight in the control compared to treatment groups. Hepatic catalase (CAT) and Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) activities (43.05 and 2.02 μmol/mg, respectively) in rats fed canola were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) compared to the control (10.22 and 0.58 μmol/mg) and other treatment groups. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (μmol/mg) in rats fed canola (0.29), cabbage (0.26) and turnip greens (0.25) were similar, however, significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) compared to the control (0.09). Activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) increased in the order: collard greens > canola greens > turnip greens > cabbage > control. Selected cruciferous vegetables, including canola leafy greens, were effective in reducing incidence of AOM-induced colon tumors in Fisher-344 male rats and may be useful as dietary chemopreventive agents.

Knock-in of exogenous sequences based on CRISPR/Cas9 targeting autosomal genes and sex chromosomes in the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella

Genetic pest control strategies based on precise sex separation and only releasing sterile males can be accomplished by site-specific genome editing.In the current study,we showed that the mutation of single-allele Pxfl(2)d can significantly impair the normal mating behavior and testis development in male adults of the notorious cruciferous insect pest Plutella xylostella,in addition to its known functions in the ovarian development in female adults and egg hatching.Subsequent CRISPR/Cas9-based knock-in experiments revealed that site-specific integration of an exogenous green fluorescent protein(GFP)gene into autosomal Pxfl(2)d for labelling mutants could be achieved.However,this gene is not a suitable target for GFP insertion to establish a genetically stable knock-in strain because of the severe decline in reproductive capacity.We further screened for the W-chromosome-linked and Z-chromosome-linked regions to test the knock-in efficiency mediated by CRISPR/Cas9.The results verified that both types of chromosomes can be targeted for the site-specific insertion of exogenous sequences.We ultimately obtained a homozygous knock-in strain with the integration of both Cas9 and cyan fluorescent protein(CFP)expression cassettes on a Z-linked region in P.xylostella,which can also be used for early sex detection.By injecting the sgRNA targeting Pxfl(2)d alone into the eggs laid by female adults of the Z-Cas9-CFP strain,the gene editing efficiency reached 29.73%,confirming the success of expressing a functional Cas9 gene.Taken together,we demonstrated the feasibility of the knock-in of an exogenous gene to different genomic regions in P.xylostella,while the establishment of a heritable strain required the positioning of appropriate sites.This study provides an important working basis and technical support for further developing genetic strategies for insect pest control.

7种十字花科绿肥作物对干旱胁迫的生理应答及抗旱性评价

【目的】研究干旱胁迫对十字花科绿肥作物生育期生长及生理特性的影响,为筛选适宜的十字花科绿肥作物品种提供理论依据和关键技术参数,助力我国旱地农业绿色发展。【方法】以7种十字花科绿肥为研究对象,通过室内盆栽试验模拟干旱胁迫环境,分析正常灌水(田间持水量80%)和干旱胁迫(田间持水量40%)条件下7种十字花科绿肥作物生育期内生长指标、光合特性和生理特征的变化规律,并通过主成分分析法对其抗旱性进行综合评价,最终筛选出抗旱能力突出的十字花科绿肥作物品种。【结果】1)与正常灌水相比,干旱胁迫处理下各绿肥作物叶片的净光合速率和蒸腾速率均下降(P<0.05);2)干旱胁迫条件下,绿肥作物发芽率、根长和生物量分别平均比正常灌水降低6.1%,147%(P<0.05)和238%(P<0.05);3)干旱胁迫条件下,秦优10号叶片过氧化氢酶活性显著增加26%,秦优10号、青杂11号叶片超氧化物歧化酶活性显著增加,7种绿肥叶片过氧化物酶活性均呈升高趋势(P>0.05);4)干旱胁迫会引起中绿油2号、紫芥、秦优10号和中油肥1号叶片脯氨酸含量显著增加,紫芥、中绿油1号、中绿油2号丙二醛含量显著降低;5)主成分分析结果表明,生物量和叶片丙二醛含量、过氧化氢酶及过氧化物酶活性可作为评估十字花科绿肥抗旱性的首选抗旱指标,中绿油1号在供试7种十字花科绿肥的抗旱能力方面综合评分最高,抗旱能力较强。【结论】中绿油1号因其叶片较高的抗氧化能力、渗透调节能力及较长根系长度,在干旱胁迫条件下综合抗旱能力突出,可作为抗旱型十字花科绿肥品种在黄土高原地区推广应用。

油料作物种子中神经酸含量提升研究进展

神经酸(NA)是一种超长链单不饱和脂肪酸,为大脑神经纤维髓鞘的核心成分,具有修复受损大脑神经纤维、促进神经细胞再生等功能。因此,NA受到越来越多的研究和关注。目前NA主要依赖于从天然物种中提取,难以满足市场需要,限制其进一步发展和应用。近年来,随着基因工程以及合成生物学的发展,通过多基因策略,在现有物种中构建NA代谢路径,可经济且可持续地获得NA,以满足营养、制药和化学工业等领域的需求。本文综述了NA的生物功能、生物来源、合成途径,并比较了基因工程生产NA各底盘的优劣,进一步探讨了十字花科油料作物底盘生产富含NA种子油的影响因素,以期为将来通过转基因技术和分子育种调控NA的生产,获得可再生的NA资源提供一定的思路和策略。

萝卜等花科蔬菜抗病毒、提高免疫功能等功效的研究进展

目的通过对萝卜等十字花科蔬菜在抗病毒、提高免疫力、防癌抗癌和抗菌等功效方面的国内外研究进展进行总结和综述,分析当前该领域的研究现状和潜在发展方向。方法通过参阅国内外相关文献,从十字花科蔬菜的活性成分和剂量等方面对花科蔬菜的抗病毒、提高免疫力、防癌抗癌及抗菌等功效进行分类和总结。结果国内外对萝卜等十字花科蔬菜的抗病毒、提高免疫力等生物活性的研究仍处于初步阶段,但整体呈现上升趋势。在作用机制方面,花科蔬菜的生物功效研究仍存在障碍和瓶颈,无法充分阐明其详细的作用机制。花科蔬菜的抗病毒和提高免疫力等活性的开发和应用均面临着缺乏提取纯化方法和负面感官影响等诸多难题。可将花科蔬菜生物活性物质作为多功能食品添加剂,用于提高食品的质量和保健功能,从而提高食品的附加值。结论综述了萝卜等十字花科蔬菜在抗病毒、提高免疫力、防癌抗癌和抗菌等功效的研究进展,并详细阐述了花科蔬菜的多种功效在食品领域的应用前景,旨在为萝卜等十字花科蔬菜的进一步加工利用和功能食品开发提供理论参考。

萝卜硫苷的高效纯化技术研究进展

萝卜硫苷(Glucoraphanin,RAA)是广泛存在于十字花科植物中的硫代葡萄糖苷,其代谢产物具有防癌抗癌等功能。但从十字花科植物中提取的RAA纯度较低,降低了其利用率,因此需要对RAA纯化。当前纯化RAA的主要技术为色谱纯化技术,但该技术存在回收率低以及二次污染等问题。此外,因膜纯化技术是分离纯化糖苷类物质最常用的方法,具有设备和操作简单以及无二次污染等特点,故该技术同样是纯化RAA的潜在技术。因此,色谱纯化与膜纯化联合技术可实现RAA的有效回收并提高RAA的纯度,有效规避色谱纯化技术所造成的RAA回收率低及二次污染的缺点。因此,该文主要讨论了目前RAA主要的纯化方法,分析了色谱和膜纯化技术在RAA纯化中联合应用的可行性,为RAA的高效纯化提供方法参考。

A STUDY ON TuMV STRAIN DIFFERENTIATION OF CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES FROM TEN PROVINCES IN CHINA——NEW HOST DIFFERENTIATOR SCREENING AND STRAIN CLASSIFICATION

The strain identification plants from Provvidenti and Green have been used to identify major turnip mosaic virus （TuMV） from ten provinces and two cities in China. There remained two isolates that could not be classified according to the standard while C1,

十字花科蔬菜抽薹开花性状的研究进展

十字花科蔬菜种类多、分布广,在世界蔬菜产业中占有重要地位。抽薹期是十字花科植物生长周期的关键阶段,直接影响蔬菜作物的产量与品质。文章从十字花科蔬菜抽薹开花性状的生理生化特性、分子遗传机制以及分子标记三方面总结了相关的研究进展,以期为十字花科抽薹开花调控机制的揭示带来新思路,为耐抽薹十字花科蔬菜新品种选育提供参考。

莱菔硫烷对脂毒性致肾损伤保护作用的研究进展

莱菔硫烷(Sulforaphane,SFN)是一种天然的异硫氰酸盐类化合物,广泛存在于西兰花等十字花科蔬菜中,具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗炎等多种生物活性。脂毒性导致的肾损伤是慢性肾病的重要原因,本文概括SFN对脂毒性致肾损伤的改善作用,为研究十字花科蔬菜防治肾损伤提供理论基础。

Assessment on alien herbicide-resistant gene flow among crucifers by sexual compatibility

Cross-pollination and high cross-compatibility are frequently found in many cruciferous plants, which im-plies that there might be potential risk of alien gene flow among crucifers. In this work, the alien glyphosate-resistant gene flow between GM (Genetically modified) rapeseed vari-ety Q3 (Brassica napus) and 6 varieties from 5 cruciferous species was assessed by sexual compatibility through aniline blue fluorescence observation, manual cross, mentor pollina-tion with the mixture pollen and DNA identification. The results indicated that the compatibility indices of two B. napus varieties, B. juncea var. multiceps Tsen et Lee and Chinese cabbage (B. chinensis) (as female) with Q3 (as male) were 16.15, 12.77, 2.345 and 0.85, respectively. F1 plants were examined by PCR and all of these samples were confirmed as positive. Crossing between Orychophragmus violaceus, Des-curainia sophia (as female) and Q3 (as male) expressed high cross-incompatibility. Fluorescence microscope observation indicated that growing of pollen tube terminated at the upper 1/3 part of the style of O. violaceus and on the stigma surface of D. sophia. The mentor plants were further analyzed by PCR and all were shown to be negative. Under the neighboring growth and natural pollination conditions, the rates of gene flow to two B. napus varieties were 2.3278% and 2.1487%, respectively, B. juncea var. multiceps Tsen et Lee and Chinese cabbage were 1.0157% and 0.9236%, re-spectively. No gene flow was observed in O. violaceus and D. sophia. Frequency of gene flow was highly correlated with sexual compatibility. Due to possible alien gene flow among crucifers, special consideration and care should be taken to grow GM rapeseed.

Effects of fresh-cut and storage on glucosinolates profile using broccoli as a case study

Glucosinolates(GLS) contribute to the unique flavour, nutrition, and plant defence of the Cruciferous vegetables. Understanding the GLS changes through postharvest processing is essential for defined preservation. In this study, four different fresh-cut types, whole flower(W),floret(F), quarterly cut floret(QF) and shredded floret(FS) of broccoli, were stored for 0, 1, 2 and 3 day(s) to explore GLS responses to postharvest treatments. As a result, seven GLS were identified, mainly including glucoraphanin(RAA), neoglucobrassicin(NEO), and glucobrassicin(GBC)and accounting for 52.69%, 20.12% and 14.99% of the total GLS(21.92 ± 0.48) μmol · g ^(-1 )DW, respectively. FS had the sharpest decrease in GLS after three days of storage(6.55 ± 0.37) μmol · g-1DW, while QF had the least(10.16 ± 0.33) μmol · g ^(-1 )DW. All GLS components decreased over storage, except for 4-methoxyglucobrassicin(4 ME) in FS and QF, suggesting its key role in serious wound defence. The results suggested certain postharvest approaches influenced the flavour and nutrition of broccoli.

萝卜硫素的合成、功能及其外源调控研究进展

萝卜硫素是一种异硫氰酸盐,它普遍存在于十字花科植物中,如:花椰菜、羽衣甘蓝、卷心菜等。由于对人体有明显的抗氧化、抗癌和抗炎等良好功效,所以成为了一个新的健康热点。因此,如何通过外源调控提高萝卜硫素含量与如何提高萝卜硫素的利用率成为如今的新热点。本文简要介绍了萝卜硫素的生物合成及生理功能,综述了十字花科蔬菜在生长期可以通过喷施NaCl、肥料、植物激素、氨基酸等外源物质来调控萝卜硫素的生成量,然后介绍了十字花科蔬菜在采后贮藏和干燥过程中萝卜硫素的变化。以期为更快地培育出富含萝卜硫素的优良品种以及如何在采后的贮藏和加工过程中调控十字花科蔬菜萝卜硫素的含量提供参考资料。

基于迁移学习的常见蔬菜害虫检测

在智慧农业领域,使用计算机视觉技术检测蔬菜害虫具有重要意义.十字花科和豆科蔬菜是我国常见且受害虫侵袭较多的蔬菜.针对该应用,在自然场景下拍摄这2类蔬菜害虫的图片,创建CLVP目标检测数据集.该数据集包含6种害虫,即菜青虫、小菜蛾、黄曲条跳甲、二十八星瓢虫、白菜蜗牛和豆野螟.由于部分害虫体形较小、体色与背景较为相似、存在堆叠和遮挡现象,检测上述蔬菜的害虫具有一定难度.以Faster R-CNN和RetinaNet为骨干网络,构建针对蔬菜害虫的目标检测系统.基于迁移学习理论,训练3个目标检测网络模型,即FR-R101、FR-X101和Re-R101.在CLVP数据集上,这3个网络模型的检测结果分别为59.450%、59.206%和61.383%.为进一步评估CLVP数据集,使用最近提出的TOOD算法测试该数据集,得到检测结果是60.162%.此外,将公开CLVP数据集.

UV-B对十字花科蔬菜硫代葡萄糖苷含量的影响研究进展

UV-B辐射对植物光合作用、形态发育以及生理代谢有着重要影响,能诱导十字花科蔬菜植物细胞产生包括硫苷在内的次生代谢产物。基于文献资料,梳理归纳了近年来国内外关于UV-B对十字花科蔬菜硫苷含量影响方面的研究进展,在阐述UV-B对十字花科蔬菜植株硫苷含量影响效应基础上,从相关基因表达、植物激素含量变化、抗氧化系统平衡和相关酶活性等方面综述了UV-B对十字花科蔬菜硫苷合成的作用规律,并对UV-B在改善十字花科蔬菜品质、提高营养和经济价值研究进行展望。

银杏外种皮与垂序商陆叶提取物复配剂对小菜蛾及十字花科作物幼苗的生理影响

为探究银杏外种皮(Ginkgo biloba sarcotesta)与垂序商陆叶(Phytolacca americana leaf)提取物复配剂对小菜蛾及其主要危害对象十字花科植物幼苗的生理影响,本研究利用直接测量、显微解剖、分光光度法等多种方法测定了复配剂作用前后小菜蛾及十字花科代表性植物萝卜幼苗的生理变化。结果发现:复配剂处理下未被致死小菜蛾幼虫继续完成发育并化蛹结茧,但茧重及羽化率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);复配剂未致小菜蛾幼虫肠道出现明显形状、颜色、表观结构变化,但显著降低了幼虫体内神经传导、解毒、抗氧化相关的乙酰胆碱酯酶、羧酸酯酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性(P<0.05);复配剂对萝卜幼苗的株高、鲜重、干重有一定抑制效应,并引发幼苗体内SOD活性、POD活性、MDA含量、叶片电导率增加及叶片净光合速率的动态变化(先降后升)。结果提示,复配剂协同影响了小菜蛾幼虫体内神经、解毒、抗氧化多种生理机能,且复配剂毒性效应可持续小菜蛾整个生命阶段;其施用还诱发十字花科植物幼苗出现生长抑制及生理应激,因此在达到防治效果前提下应尽量降低复配剂的使用浓度。

转基因抗除草剂油菜对十字花科杂草的基因漂移

以转基因抗除草剂油菜Q3为花粉供体材料,油菜远缘杂草为花粉受体材料,在自然传粉和人工辅助授粉条件下研究甘蓝型油菜与十字花科杂草间的基因漂移频率。结果表明,以转基因油菜为父本,十字花科杂草荠菜、碎米荠、播娘蒿、诸葛菜、风花菜、遏蓝菜和菜为母本,杂交高度不亲和,基因漂移率为0 % ,无生态风险,但对野芥菜的基因漂移率高达0 .885 %。野芥菜是我国大部分地区的常见杂草,种类繁多,分布范围广,大面积种植转基因抗除草剂油菜对野生芥菜的基因污染应引起高度重视。