Crystal Growth and Crystallization Time Scales of the Panzhihua Layered Intrusion:Constraint from Crystal Size Distribution

The Panzhihua layered intrusions is generated closely related to the Emeishan LIPs.This paper analyzes the spatial distribution of plagioclase and pyroxene.The quantitative texture analysis of 2209 plagioclase shows that the characteristic length of plagioclase is 0.54 to 0.96 mm,the intercept variation range is large,from-0.67 to 0.96,and the slope is-1.85 to-1.04,the Aspect Ratio shows from 1.84 to 2.59 and fractal dimension D is 1.908–1.933.The quantitative texture analysis of 2342 pyroxene shows that the characteristic length of pyroxene is 0.38–0.64 mm,the intercept shows from 0.46 to 2.26,The slope ranges from-2.6 to-1.47,the Aspect Ratio value varies from 1.53 to 1.71,the fractal dimension D is 0.93 to 1.13.All the CSDs results of the Panzhihua intrusions indicate that plagioclase and pyroxene form in an open magma system and undergo four replenishment of magma injection.The plagioclase crystals do not grow as the lathlike shape,and the fractal growth leads to complex crystal surface.The plagioclase undergoes deformation compaction during the crystal process,and then is oriented.The pyroxene crystals grow along an approximately triaxial ratio and undergo texture adjustment and small crystal dissolution reabsorption.When all crystals in magma system grows up to 2 mm,the pyroxene undergoes cumulation in the Panzhihua layered intrusions.The plagioclase crystallization time scale is 171.23–304.41 years,representing that the crystallization is the more uniform in central part of the melt.The nucleation density continuously increases during the crystallization process of the magma system.The time scale to reach the final maximum crystal nucleation density is 15.28–58.98 years.

Controllable Fe/HCS catalysts in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: Effects of crystallization time

The Fischer--Tropsch synthesis(FTS)con-tinues to be an attractive alternative for producing a broad range of fuels and chemicals through the conversion of syngas(H2 and CO),which can be derived from various sources,such as coal,natural gas,and biomass.Among iron carbides,Fe2C,as an active phase,has barely been studied due to its thermodynamic instability.Here,we fabricated a series of Fe2C embedded in hollow carbon sphere(HCS)catalysts.By varying the crystallization time,the shell thickness of the HCS was manipulated,which significantly influenced the catalytic performance in the FTS.To investigate the relationship between the geometric structure of the HCS and the physic-chemical properties of Fe species,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,N2 physical adsorption,X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy,hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction,Raman spectroscopy,and Mossbauer spectro-scopy techniques were employed to characterize the catalysts before and after the reaction.Evidently,a suitable thickness of the carbon layer was beneficial for enhancing the catalytic activity in the FTS due to its high porosity,appropriate electronic environment,and relatively high Fe2C content.

Survival Reassessment at Tumor Recurrence in Soft Matter

The paper reassesses a survival at tumor recurrence in soft matter. First, the stability of structural motifs under shear in clusters of dipolar spheres is characterized. Next, there are introduced transitions between polymer knots and rhythms of these transitions are obtained. The sensor is built for these rhythms. Treatment, with a tensile force protocol, is modeled, when the tumor in soft matter is observed by the above sensor. Survival probability, at tumor recurrence in soft matter, is defined for the treatment with a tensile force protocol. It is stated that the survival probability at a tensile force protocol treatment in soft matter confirms or specifies the prognostic survival of 32 patients with breast cancer.

OVERSHOOTS IN STRESS AND FREE ENERGY CHANGE DURING THE FLOWINDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION OF POLYMERIC MELT IN SHEAR FLOW

The effect of pre-shear flow on the subsequent crystallization process of polymeric melt was investigated and a flow-induced crystallization （FIC） model based on the conformation tensor incorporating the pre-shear effect was proposed. The model is capable of predicting the overshoot phenomena of the stress and the flow-induced free energy change of the polymeric system at high pre-shear rates. Under the condition of flow, the increase in the activated nuclei number was contributed by the flow-induced free energy change, which showed an overwhelming effect on the nuclei formation during the pre-shear process at high shear rates. The half crystallization time （t1/2） of polypropylene （PP） as functions of pre-shear rate and pre-shear time at different crystallization temperatures was predicted and compared with the experiment data. Both numerical and experimental results showed that t1/2 of PP decreased dramatically when the flow started but leveled off at long times. It was found that two transformation stages in t1/2 existed within a wide range of shear rates. For the first stage where the melting polymer experienced a relatively weak shear flow, the acceleration of crystallization kinetics was mainly contributed by the steady value of free energy change while in the second stage for high shear rates, strong overshoot in flow-induced free energy change occurred and the crystallization kinetics was thus significantly enhanced. The overshoots in stress and flow-induced free energy change reflected an important role of flow on the primary nucleation especially when the flow was strong enough.

Investigation of response time of small footprint photonic crystal AND logic gate

In this paper, the response time of all-optical AND logic gate using the triangular photonic crystal lattice is investigated. The proposed logic gate consists of a photonic crystal nano-resonator formed by changing the size of the dielectric rods. The structure benefits the interference effect mechanism. The contrast ratio of the photonic crystal AND logic gate is obtained as 6 d B. In addition to simplicity, the designed nano-resonator increases the bit rate of logic gate. The delay time and footprint of logic gate are respectively 0.32 ps and 146 μm2. The proposed photonic crystal AND logic gate can operate at a bit rate of 3.12 Tbit/s。

Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted freezing of Penaeus chinensis by response surface methodology

Objectives:Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted freezing of Penaeus chinensis by response surface methodology was studied in order to(1)obtain frozen Penaeus chinensis of high quality and(2)provide practical guidance for the application of ultrasonic-assisted freezing in Penaeus chinensis.Materials and Methods:Three independent and major variables were selected,including initial ultrasonic temperature(℃),ultrasonic power(W)and ultrasonic time(s on/2 s off).On the basis of one-factor experiments,17 groups of experiments were established by response surface methodology according to Box-Behnken design.Using multiple regression analysis the experimental data were fitted into a second-order polynomial equation,which was tested by proper statistical methods.Results:The optimal ultrasonic conditions were as follows:initial ultrasonic temperature 0℃,ultrasonic power 180 W,ultrasonic time 5 son/2 s off.Under the optimization conditions,the time of passing through maximum ice crystal generation zone was 105.500 s,which was very close to the predictive passage time of 101.541 s.Conclusions:Initial ultrasonic temperature,ultrasonic time and ultrasonic power played an important role in the process of ultrasonic-assisted freezing of Penaeus chinensis.Response surface methodology was used to optimize the three factors in ultrasonic-assisted freezing,which could greatly shorten the time of passing through the maximum ice crystal generation zone and maintain the tissue structure of Penaeus chinensis well.