Cottonseed meal(CM) was used at up to 36.95% content in the diet(replacing 60% of dietary fish meal protein) without any negative effects on growth performance of pre-adult grass carp(initial body weight,761 g) under ...Cottonseed meal(CM) was used at up to 36.95% content in the diet(replacing 60% of dietary fish meal protein) without any negative effects on growth performance of pre-adult grass carp(initial body weight,761 g) under outdoor conditions.A culture trial was conducted in net cages installed in a large concrete pond.Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing a gradient of CM concentrations(0,12.2%,24.4%,36.6%,48.8%,54.8%,and 61.0%) as replacement for dietary fish meal protein(0,20%,40%,60%,80%,90%,and 100%) were formulated.Dietary non-resistant starch(from maize) was inverse to dietary CM.Growth performance and feed utilization of fish fed the diets containing CM replacing 0-40% fishmeal protein were not affected after the 6-week feeding trial.Accumulation of hepatopancreatic total gossypol in the hepatopancreas was significantly correlated with free gossypol content in the diets(HTG=88.6+1.5×DFG,R^2=0.89,P<0.05).Intestinal a-amylase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activities rose along with increasing dietary CM level.The structure of the mid-intestinal tissues and the ultrastructure of the enterocyte microvilli were normal when dietary CM was <36.6%(60% protein replacement).Increasing dietary CM content increased serum alanine aminotransferase levels but decreased serum alkaline phosphatase,cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,triglycerides,and albumin(P<0.05).展开更多
[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the biochemical and genetic characteristics of F1 hybrids of Ctenopharyngodon idellus ♀× Elopichthys bambusa ♂ - [ Method ] By using vertical polyacrylamide gel elec...[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the biochemical and genetic characteristics of F1 hybrids of Ctenopharyngodon idellus ♀× Elopichthys bambusa ♂ - [ Method ] By using vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technology, three isozymes （LDH, EST, MDH） in nine tissues （heart, brain, eyes, liver, kidney, spleen, fin, muscle, plasma） of F1 hybrids of C. ideUus and parents were compared. [Result] Three isozymes in F1 hybrids of ♀× E. bambusa ♀ were analyzed; differences in isozyme and proteins between F1 hybrids idellus ♀× E. bambusa ♀ exhibited varying degrees of tissue-specificity; isozymes and proteins in F, hybrids were signiticandy different from the parents. [ Conclusion] These nine differences could be used as indicators to identify F1 hybrids and parents.展开更多
In order to study the metabolomic responses of rapeseed meal on grass carp and the role that tannin plays in those responses,grass carp were fed four diets for an eight week trial.Two were practical diets:FM diet cont...In order to study the metabolomic responses of rapeseed meal on grass carp and the role that tannin plays in those responses,grass carp were fed four diets for an eight week trial.Two were practical diets:FM diet contained 10%fishmeal without rapeseed meal,RM diet contained 50%rapeseed meal without fishmeal;the other two were semi-purified diets without(T0)or with 1.25%(T1)of supplemental hydrolysable tannin.The tannin content in the RM diet was close to that of T1.The rate of weight gain for RM was significantly lower than FM,while the feed conversion ratio in the T1 was significantly higher than T0.The muscle lipid and protein content was significantly lower and glycogen higher in the RM and T1 compared to the other treatments.The percent of muscle-saturated fatty acid(SFA)in the RM and T1 groups was significantly lower than FM and T0 groups,respectively,while the mono-unsaturated fatty acid(MUFA)in the RM group was significantly higher than FM.The hepatic activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were lower and the hepatic glycogen and malonaldehyde were higher in the T1 and RM than the other treatments.The total serum protein,globulin,and triglycerides were significantly higher in T1 and RM;the alanine aminotransferase in the T1 was significantly higher than T0;and the aspartate aminotransferase in the RM and T0 groups were significantly higher than the other treatments.In a metabolomic assay,29 differential metabolites were identified between T0 and T1,23 metabolites were downregulated,and 6 metabolites were upregulated in T1 compared to T0.Ninety-two differential metabolites were identified between FM and RM,31 metabolites were downregulated,and 61 metabolites were upregulated in RM compared to FM.These indicated that lipid utilization and carbohydrate metabolism might be improved,while the protein metabolism was suppressed by rapeseed meal.The abnormal protein and lipid metabolism may be partly caused by tannin in the rapeseed meal,as the tannin contained within the rapeseed meal seemed to bring different effects that the tannin additive.展开更多
[ Objectives ] To analyze the genetic structure and genetic diversity of gold grass carp population. [ Methods ] A total of 15 microsatellite markers were used to examine gold grass carp population and four grass carp...[ Objectives ] To analyze the genetic structure and genetic diversity of gold grass carp population. [ Methods ] A total of 15 microsatellite markers were used to examine gold grass carp population and four grass carp populations[ Yuanjiang （YJ）, Ningxiang （NX） , Honghu （HH） and Xijiang （XJ） ] from the Yangtze River and the Pearl River of China. [ Results] All the 15 microsatellite loei were highly polymorphic, with polymorphism information content （PIC） of 0.763 -0.939. The expected heterozygosity （HE ） of gold grass carp population was 0. 662, lower than those of the four Chinese grass carp populations （HE = 0.85 - 0. 885 ）. The genetic differentiation index （ FST ） between gold grass carp population and YJ, NX, HH, XJ populations were 0. 157 2, 0. 129 5, 0. 147 5 and 0. 114 4, respectively. This suggests that gold grass carp population is highly differentiated from YJ grass carp population （0.15 〈 FST 〈0.25）, while moderately differentiated from other three grass carp populations （0.05 〈 FST 〈 0.15 ）. Gold grass carp population had the closest genetic relationship with XJ population （DA = 0.476 3）, and it showed the farthest genetic relationship with YJ grass carp population （DA = 0. 810 7）. The NJ phylogenetic tree based on genetic distance indicated that four Chinese grass carp populations clustered together as one branch, while gold grass carp population as another. [ Conclusions] Genetic di- versity of gold grass carp population is lower than that of Chinese grass carp population, with relative distant genetic relationship.展开更多
Gynogenesis is an important breeding method in aquaculture and has been widely applied to many fish species.If gynogenetic progenies are to inherit paternal partial genomic DNA,this will increase genetic variation and...Gynogenesis is an important breeding method in aquaculture and has been widely applied to many fish species.If gynogenetic progenies are to inherit paternal partial genomic DNA,this will increase genetic variation and will provide a useful outcome for breeding.In this study,we investigated the genetic variation in homeobox(Hox)gene clusters(Hox A4 a,Hox A9 a,Hox A11 b,Hox B1 b,Hox C4 a,Hox C6 b,and Hox D10 a)among koi carp(Cyprinus carpio haematopterus,KOC;the stimulation sperm source),grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus),and gynogenetic grass carp(GGC).We found paternal DNA(a special DNA fragment and Hox C6 b)derived from KOC and a recombinant gene belonging to Hox C6 b in GGC.We are the first to report the recombinant Hox C6 b in GGC.Our study provides further evidence for paternal DNA transmission to gynogenetic progenies,which is a finding with great significance for the genetic breeding of fish.展开更多
基金Supported by the Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System(No.CARS-46-19)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest(No.201303053)+2 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2014CB138602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31101908)the Fund Project in the State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology(No.2014FBZ04)
文摘Cottonseed meal(CM) was used at up to 36.95% content in the diet(replacing 60% of dietary fish meal protein) without any negative effects on growth performance of pre-adult grass carp(initial body weight,761 g) under outdoor conditions.A culture trial was conducted in net cages installed in a large concrete pond.Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing a gradient of CM concentrations(0,12.2%,24.4%,36.6%,48.8%,54.8%,and 61.0%) as replacement for dietary fish meal protein(0,20%,40%,60%,80%,90%,and 100%) were formulated.Dietary non-resistant starch(from maize) was inverse to dietary CM.Growth performance and feed utilization of fish fed the diets containing CM replacing 0-40% fishmeal protein were not affected after the 6-week feeding trial.Accumulation of hepatopancreatic total gossypol in the hepatopancreas was significantly correlated with free gossypol content in the diets(HTG=88.6+1.5×DFG,R^2=0.89,P<0.05).Intestinal a-amylase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activities rose along with increasing dietary CM level.The structure of the mid-intestinal tissues and the ultrastructure of the enterocyte microvilli were normal when dietary CM was <36.6%(60% protein replacement).Increasing dietary CM content increased serum alanine aminotransferase levels but decreased serum alkaline phosphatase,cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,triglycerides,and albumin(P<0.05).
基金Supported by Project of Project of Science and Technology of Wuhan City(2013021001010464)
文摘[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the biochemical and genetic characteristics of F1 hybrids of Ctenopharyngodon idellus ♀× Elopichthys bambusa ♂ - [ Method ] By using vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technology, three isozymes （LDH, EST, MDH） in nine tissues （heart, brain, eyes, liver, kidney, spleen, fin, muscle, plasma） of F1 hybrids of C. ideUus and parents were compared. [Result] Three isozymes in F1 hybrids of ♀× E. bambusa ♀ were analyzed; differences in isozyme and proteins between F1 hybrids idellus ♀× E. bambusa ♀ exhibited varying degrees of tissue-specificity; isozymes and proteins in F, hybrids were signiticandy different from the parents. [ Conclusion] These nine differences could be used as indicators to identify F1 hybrids and parents.
基金the Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,the Ministry of Agriculture,the Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai,China.
文摘In order to study the metabolomic responses of rapeseed meal on grass carp and the role that tannin plays in those responses,grass carp were fed four diets for an eight week trial.Two were practical diets:FM diet contained 10%fishmeal without rapeseed meal,RM diet contained 50%rapeseed meal without fishmeal;the other two were semi-purified diets without(T0)or with 1.25%(T1)of supplemental hydrolysable tannin.The tannin content in the RM diet was close to that of T1.The rate of weight gain for RM was significantly lower than FM,while the feed conversion ratio in the T1 was significantly higher than T0.The muscle lipid and protein content was significantly lower and glycogen higher in the RM and T1 compared to the other treatments.The percent of muscle-saturated fatty acid(SFA)in the RM and T1 groups was significantly lower than FM and T0 groups,respectively,while the mono-unsaturated fatty acid(MUFA)in the RM group was significantly higher than FM.The hepatic activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were lower and the hepatic glycogen and malonaldehyde were higher in the T1 and RM than the other treatments.The total serum protein,globulin,and triglycerides were significantly higher in T1 and RM;the alanine aminotransferase in the T1 was significantly higher than T0;and the aspartate aminotransferase in the RM and T0 groups were significantly higher than the other treatments.In a metabolomic assay,29 differential metabolites were identified between T0 and T1,23 metabolites were downregulated,and 6 metabolites were upregulated in T1 compared to T0.Ninety-two differential metabolites were identified between FM and RM,31 metabolites were downregulated,and 61 metabolites were upregulated in RM compared to FM.These indicated that lipid utilization and carbohydrate metabolism might be improved,while the protein metabolism was suppressed by rapeseed meal.The abnormal protein and lipid metabolism may be partly caused by tannin in the rapeseed meal,as the tannin contained within the rapeseed meal seemed to bring different effects that the tannin additive.
基金Supported by National Freshwater Fish Industry Technology System Project(CARS-46-03)Special Fund for Guangdong Provincial Marine Fishery Science and Technology and Industrial Development(A201401A03)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2016A030313148)
文摘[ Objectives ] To analyze the genetic structure and genetic diversity of gold grass carp population. [ Methods ] A total of 15 microsatellite markers were used to examine gold grass carp population and four grass carp populations[ Yuanjiang （YJ）, Ningxiang （NX） , Honghu （HH） and Xijiang （XJ） ] from the Yangtze River and the Pearl River of China. [ Results] All the 15 microsatellite loei were highly polymorphic, with polymorphism information content （PIC） of 0.763 -0.939. The expected heterozygosity （HE ） of gold grass carp population was 0. 662, lower than those of the four Chinese grass carp populations （HE = 0.85 - 0. 885 ）. The genetic differentiation index （ FST ） between gold grass carp population and YJ, NX, HH, XJ populations were 0. 157 2, 0. 129 5, 0. 147 5 and 0. 114 4, respectively. This suggests that gold grass carp population is highly differentiated from YJ grass carp population （0.15 〈 FST 〈0.25）, while moderately differentiated from other three grass carp populations （0.05 〈 FST 〈 0.15 ）. Gold grass carp population had the closest genetic relationship with XJ population （DA = 0.476 3）, and it showed the farthest genetic relationship with YJ grass carp population （DA = 0. 810 7）. The NJ phylogenetic tree based on genetic distance indicated that four Chinese grass carp populations clustered together as one branch, while gold grass carp population as another. [ Conclusions] Genetic di- versity of gold grass carp population is lower than that of Chinese grass carp population, with relative distant genetic relationship.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31802287,31730098,and 31430088)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M632969)+2 种基金the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-45)the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province(2018NK2072)the Cooperative Innovation Center of Engineering and New Products for Developmental Biology of Hunan Province(20134486)。
文摘Gynogenesis is an important breeding method in aquaculture and has been widely applied to many fish species.If gynogenetic progenies are to inherit paternal partial genomic DNA,this will increase genetic variation and will provide a useful outcome for breeding.In this study,we investigated the genetic variation in homeobox(Hox)gene clusters(Hox A4 a,Hox A9 a,Hox A11 b,Hox B1 b,Hox C4 a,Hox C6 b,and Hox D10 a)among koi carp(Cyprinus carpio haematopterus,KOC;the stimulation sperm source),grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus),and gynogenetic grass carp(GGC).We found paternal DNA(a special DNA fragment and Hox C6 b)derived from KOC and a recombinant gene belonging to Hox C6 b in GGC.We are the first to report the recombinant Hox C6 b in GGC.Our study provides further evidence for paternal DNA transmission to gynogenetic progenies,which is a finding with great significance for the genetic breeding of fish.
