Extreme ultraviolet spectral characteristic analysis of highly charged ions in laserproduced Cu plasmas

This paper reports the results of spectral measurements and a theoretical analysis of the temporal and spatial evolution of laser-produced Cu plasma in vacuum in the range of 8–14 nm.The time dependence of the extreme ultraviolet band spectrum at different positions near the target surface was obtained and found to be dominated by three broad-band features.The 3p and 3d excitations of Cu5+–Cu9+ions were calculated using the Hartree–Fock theory with configuration interactions.The characteristics of the spectral line distribution for the 3p–nd and 3d–nf transition arrays were analyzed.Based on the steady-state collisional radiation model and the normalized Boltzmann distribution,the complex spectral structure in the band of 13–14 nm is accurately explained through consistency comparisons and benchmarking between the experimental and theoretical simulation spectra,demonstrating that the structure mainly stems from the overlapping contribution of the 3d–4f and 3p–3d transition arrays for the Cu5+–Cu9+ions.These results may help in studying the radiation characteristics of isoelectronic series highly-charged ions involving the 3d excitation process.

Atomic Absorption and Vibrational Spectral Magnetic Studies on the Removal of Cu(II) and Co(II) Ions Using Synthetic Nano Adsorbent Fe₃O₄

Adsorption of Cu(II) and Co(II) from aqueous solutions on synthetic nano Fe3O4 has been studied. The effect of experimental parameters such as initial concentration of the metal ions, adsorbent dosage, contact time and pH has been investigated. Optimum removal efficiency of Cu(II) ion was found to be 97.8% with the dose rate of 1.07 g/L in 60 minutes at pH = 5.5 and for Co(II) ion, it was found to be 99.2% with the dose rate of2.57 g/L in 10 minutes at pH = 5.4. The removal of Co(II) ions require only 10 minutes with the efficient removal of 99.2%, whereas Cu(II) ions require 60 minutes with the maximum removal of 97.8%. In order to understand the effective removal of Cu(II) and Co(II) ions on Fe3O4, room temperature magnetic measurement was carried out using Vibrational Spectrum Magnetometer (VSM), before and after adsorption with a maximum applied magnetic field of 20,000 G.

Biosorption of Cu(II) Ions from Aqueous Solution by Red Alga (<i>Palmaria Palmata</i>) and Beer Draff

In this study, the ability of red alga (Palmaria palmata) and beer draff (brewery waste) for Cu(II) removal was investigated. The influence of factors, such as pH, initial copper concentrations, and contact time, were also studied. Results showed the adsorption process was strongly dependent on the pH value and initial concentration. The optimum pH value was in the range of 5-6. The Langmuir isotherm model performed better than other models, suggesting monolayer adsorption prevailed in the adsorption process. The theoretical adsorption capacities for Cu(II) were 12.7 mg/g and 9.01 mg/g for red alga and beer draff, respectively. The spectroscopy analyses and desorption studies showed that chemical bonding was the main mechanism in the adsorption process rather than ion exchange. The functional groups of amino, hydroxyl, carboxyl, phenolic hydroxyl, sulphonic group and C–O, –NH stretch might be involved in adsorption. After adsorption, both materials were successfully regenerated by nitric acid at a concentration of 10 mmol/L. Furthermore, the phenomenon that only 7% of adsorbed Cu(II) on red alga and 11% on beer draff were desorbed by sodium chloride solution suggested potential alternative of both materials for the treatment of road runoff containing considerable amounts of de-icing salt.

Two Cu(II)-Nitronyl Nitroxide Complexes Including Cyclic Dimer: Synthesis, Structures and Magnetic Interactions

Using two new flexible and functional nitronyl nitroxide radicals as ligands, two copper (II) complexes {[Cu(hfac)2]3(NITmPhO3Py)2}n (1) and [Cu(hfac)2 (NIToPhO3Py)]2 (2) (NITmPhO3Py = 2-[(3-methoxy-pyridinyl)phen-3-yl]- 4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, NIToPhO3Py = 2-[(3-methoxy-pyridinyl)phen-2-ly]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetone), have been characterized structurally and magnetically. The X-ray crystal analyses showed that complex 1 displayed a chain polymer structure which formed with {[Cu(hfac)2]3(NITmPhO3Py)2}n due to the cross-linking of two cyclic binuclear fragments {[Cu(hfac)2]2(NITmPhO3- Py)2} via the bridging unit [Cu(hfac)2];complex 2 presented a binuclear cyclic structure [Cu(hfac)2]2(NIToPhO3Py)2. The magnetic behaviors of the two complexes 1 and 2 have been investigated. Magnetic studies showed that antiferromagnetic interactions dominated in complex 1, while there existed ferromagnetic interactions between Cu(II) and coordinated NO group in complex 2.

Cu(Ⅱ)催化NaOCl氧化碘帕醇的效果和过程解析

本文研究Cu(Ⅱ)催化NaOCl氧化非离子型碘代X射线造影剂—碘帕醇(IPM),对IPM降解过程中Cu的回收和形态进行解析,考察Cu(Ⅱ)、NaOCl浓度和卤素离子对IPM降解效果及碘代消毒副产物-碘仿的生成影响;采用XRD、XPS分析Cu(Ⅱ)反应后的产物晶型和形态变化,结合循环伏安曲线和计时电流表征Cu(Ⅲ)的生成,推测Cu(Ⅱ)催化NaOCl氧化IPM的机理.利用HPLC/MS/MS分析中间产物,推测IPM的降解路径.结果表明,与Co(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅱ)、Mn(Ⅱ)相比,Cu(Ⅱ)显著提高了NaOCl的分解率和IPM的氧化效果,25℃、pH=6.71,500r/min,NaOCl和Cu(Ⅱ)浓度分别为0.5和0.05mmol/L,60min,8.0mg/L IPM的降解率达到77.51%;HO·、活性氯自由基和Cu(Ⅲ)都有助于Cu(Ⅱ)/NaOCl氧化IPM,且Cu(Ⅲ)的贡献随pH值升高而增大.NaOCl浓度在0.1~2.5mmol/L范围增加,IPM降解率增加;Cu(Ⅱ)浓度在0.005~0.5mmol/L存在适宜值.HPLC/MS/MS共检测出13种产物,IPM的降解途径主要包括:侧链酰胺键水解和氧化,碘取代、羟基加成.Cl^(−)、Br^(−)和I^(−)(1~5mmol/L)在影响IPM氧化效果的同时,Br^(-)显著促进了CHI_(3)的生成,生成量达到48.28μg/L.

Cu离子分子筛催化材料在去除NO_(x)方面应用的研究进展

控制大气中氮氧化物的排放对环境和人体健康有着至关重要的作用,应用于NO_(x)去除的技术有很多,其中选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)技术是去除NO_(x)极有效的技术之一,利用CO去除NO_(x)为烟气脱硝(CO-SCR)提供了一种简单且低成本的技术,直接催化分解NO_(x)被认为是去除NO_(x)最理想、最环保的技术。Cu离子分子筛作为去除NO_(x)的高效催化剂,具有宽温度窗口和良好的水热稳定性。本文综述了Cu交换分子筛在去除NO领域的研究进展,讨论了Cu离子分子筛在NH3-SCR、CO-SCR以及直接催化分解NO中的应用,着重总结了Cu离子参与去除NO的反应机理,归纳了分子筛中Cu活性位点对脱硝性能的影响,还讨论了铜离子分子筛的抗H_(2)O和SO_(2)中毒性能,展望了Cu离子分子筛未来可能的发展方向。

Adsorption of Cu(II) on maghnite from aqueous solution: Effects of pH, initial concentration, interaction time and temperature

The adsorption behaviour of Cu2+ onto maghnite was conducted under batch conditions. The effect of time, pH of the dispersion, temperature and initial metal concentration on the adsorption of Cu2+ onto maghnite was investigated. In this study, 94% of Cu(II), was adsorbed on the maghnite clay when the equilibrium was reached at 120 min. The adsorption of Cu2+ was a fast process that followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics. This process could be described by the Langmuir model and gave a maximum Cu2+ adsorption capacity of 21.78 mg/g at 293 K. The thermodynamic parameters such as variation of enthalpy ΔH, variation of entropy ΔS and variation of Gibbs free energy ΔG were calculated from the slope and intercept of lnKd vs. 1/T plots. The adsorption was endothermic reaction. The adsorption process for this natural maghnite is more spontaneous because the values of ΔG are less negative. The results suggested that natural maghnite was suitable as sorbent material for the recovery and adsorption of metal ion from aqueous solutions.

Photocatalytic and Photoelectronic Properties of Anatase TiO_2 Modified by Cu Ions Plasma and Its Theoretic Study by the First Principle Study

Highly oxidation. SEM analysis ordered anatase titania nanotube method was used to characterize arrays （TINT） were fabricated by anodic the morphology of the prepared samples. TiNT samples doped with Cu ions were prepared by home-made Metal Vapor Vacuum Arc ions sources （MEVVA, BNU, China） implanter. Photo-electric response and methyl orange decomposition ability of implanted samples under UV and visible light were tested, and the results indicated that the performance of Cu/TiNT enhanced significantly under visible light; it was noteworthy that the photocurrent density of A-Cu/TiNT was 0.102 mA/cm^2, which was 115 times that of pure TINT, and degradation ability of TiNT also strongly enhanced under visible light. In a word, the absorption spectrum of implanted anatase titania shifted to a longer wavelength region. Theoretic study on Cu-doped anatase based on density functional theory was carried out in this paper to validate the experiment results. The calculation results are depicted as follows： Intermittent energy band appeared around the Fermi energy after doping with Cu metal, the width of which was 0.35 eV and the location of valence and conduction bands shifted to the lower energy level by 0.22 eV; more excitation and jump routes were opened for the electrons. The narrowed band gaps allowed the photons with lower energy （at longer wavelength, such as visible light） to be absorbed, which accorded well with the experimental results.

Adsorption characteristics of Pb(Ⅱ)ions on sulfidized hemimorphite surface under ammonium sulfate system

In this work,the effect of ammonium sulfate on the adsorption characteristics of low-concentration Pb(Ⅱ)ions on the sulfidized hemimorphite surface was comprehensively investigated.The results showed that ammonium sulfate could increase the maximum recovery of hemimorphite from 69.42%to 88.24%under a low concentration of Pb(Ⅱ)ions.On the hemimorphite surface pretreated with ammonium sulfate,the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ)ions was enhanced and the main species of Pb adsorbed was changed from Pb―O/OH to PbS.This was due to the larger amount of ZnS providing more effective adsorption sites for Pb components to generate Pb S.Meanwhile,the intensity of ZnS decreased with the formation of PbS,demonstrating that ZnS was covered by PbS which formed later on the mineral surface.It was beneficial for the adsorption of butyl xanthate on the hemimorphite surface to form more hydrophobic substances.As a result,ammonium sulfate played a crucial role in realizing the efficient recovery of hemimorphite.

Glutathione S-Transferase(GST)Identified from Giant Kelp Macrocystis pyrifera Increases the Copper Tolerance of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942

The glutathione S-transferases gene family plays an important regulatory role in growth and development,and responses to environmental change.In this study,six complete GST genes(Mp GST1,Mp GST2,Mp GST3,MpGST4,Mp GST5,and Mp GST6)were cloned from the gametophytes of brown alga Macrocystis pyrifera.Subsequent bioinformatics analysis showed that these six genes encoded proteins with 202,216,288,201,205,and 201 aa,respectively.Moreover,Mp GST3 differs from the other GST genes.Phylogenetic analysis suggested that MpGST3 belongs to the Ure2p type GST.Domain analysis suggested that the other GSTs from M.pyrifera belong to the soluble GST family and form an independent branch with the GSTs found in the other macroalgae,suggesting that a new GST type was formed during macroalgal evolution.GST genes were upregulated in M.pyrifera when 2.5 mg L^(-1)Cu ions were added to the medium.Six GST genes were integrated into the genome of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942,and their functions were verified by measuring light absorbance,photosynthetic pigment content,and photosynthetic parameters of the transformed strains under 0.3 mg L^(-1)Cu ion stress.The results showed much higher levels of various parameters in the transformed strains than in the wild strain.The transformed strains(with the MpGST genes)showed significantly enhanced resistance to Cu ion stress,while the wild strain almost died.The results of this study lay a theoretical foundation for further research on the Cu ion stress resistance function of GSTs in M.pyrifera.

Effect of Cu^(2+)ions on bioleaching of marmatite

铁闪锌矿的 bioleaching 上的 Cu2+ 离子的效果通过饮料沥滤被调查实验。接种的细菌是 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans， Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans 和 Lepthospirillum ferrooxidans 的一种混合文化。结果证明那锌有选择地被沥滤，并且 Cu2+ 离子的适当内容的增加在铁闪锌矿的 bioleaching 上有积极效果。沥滤的残余的 SEM 和 EDX 分析表明产品层在矿物质表面上铁硫化物，元素的硫和 jarosite 形式创作了。元素的硫的 biooxidation 被 Cu2+ 离子催化，它消除障碍到铁闪锌矿的 bioleaching 并且使 pH 价值低。与 0.5 个 g/L Cu2+ 离子的增加，最大的锌抽取率在 30 的温度在 23 d 以后到达 73%? 吗？？

Cu掺杂P2型Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)钠离子电池正极材料的制备与性能

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列形貌规则、表面光滑的Cu掺杂层状P2型Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33-x)Cu_(x)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)(x=0、0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20、0.25)。采用SEM、XRD、EDS、XPS对材料进行了形貌、结构和成分表征。将材料用作钠离子电池正极材料,采用循环伏安法、恒流充放电法研究了其电化学性能,获得了最佳掺杂比例。研究发现,掺杂未改变材料的层状结构和形貌,通过Cu掺杂引入了高电化学活性的Cu^(2+)作为取代基,增加材料的表面活性储钠位点,材料表现出良好的循环稳定性和倍率性能。在2.0~4.3 V的电压范围和0.1 C的倍率下,Cu掺杂比例x=0.15时Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.18)Cu_(0.15)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)的初始放电比容量为126.74 mAh/g,100次循环后容量保持率为79.10%,与未掺杂材料相比提高了50.92%。材料电化学性能的增强可归因于Cu^(2+)插入过渡金属层,由于Cu^(2+)(0.73A)的半径大于Ni^(2+)(0.69A),过渡金属层间距扩大,为Na+扩散提供了通道,进而提高了Na+扩散速率。当充电到高压时可抑制Na+脱/嵌过程中Na^(+)空位的产生,从而稳定材料的晶体结构并抑制材料发生P2-O2相变,提高了材料的循环稳定性。

Sesame Husk as Adsorbent for Copper(II) Ions Removal from Aqueous Solution

In this study, the adsorption behavior of copper(II) ions from aqueous solutions onto sesame husk (SH) was investigated. The effect of different parameters such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, adsorbate concentration, temperature and agitation speed was studied. Thermodynamic parameters, equilibrium isotherms and kinetic data have been evaluated. The functional groups and surface morphology of SH adsorbent were characterized by FTIR and SEM. Adsorption equilibrium isotherms were expressed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) adsorption models and it was found that Langmuir adsorption model fits the experimental data better than Freundlich and D-R models. The adsorption can be best described by the pseudo second-order kinetic model.

Free cupric ions in contaminated agricultural soils around a copper mine in eastern Nanjing City, China

To determine the environmental free metal ion activity was a recent hot issue. A method to measure low-level free cupric ion activity in soil solution extracted with 0.01 mol/L KNO3 was developed by using cupric ion-selective electrode （ISE） and calibrating with Cu-buffer solution. Three copper buffers including iminodiacetic acid （IDA）, ethylenediamine （EN）, and glycine （Gly） were compared for calibrating the Cu-ISE curves in the range of free cupric ions （pCu^2＋） 7-13. The Cu-EN buffer showed the best electrode response and thus was applied as the calibration buffer. The pCu^2＋ of 39 contaminated agricultural soils around a copper mine was measured, ranging from 5.03 to 9.20. Most Cu in the soil solutions was found to be complexed with dissolved soil organic matters, averaging 98.1%. The proportion of free Cu^2＋ ions in the soil solutions decreased with the increasing of solution pH. Soluble Cu and free Cu^2＋ ions concentrations were analyzed by multiple linear regressions to evaluate the effects of soil properties on metal levels and speciation. The results showed that soil solution pH was the most significant factor influencing pCu^2＋ （with R^2 value of 0.76）, while not important for the soluble Cu concentration.

STUDY ON THE DIFFUSION OF Cu^(2+)-H^+ COUPLE IN A CATION EXCHANGE MEMBRANE——A RAPID METHOD TO DETERMINE SELF-DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS OF COUNTER-IONS WITH UNEQUAL VALENCE

1 INTRODUCTIONKnowledge of the basic transport phenomena of ions in an ion exchange membrane isimportant for the application of such a membrane.Various studies on the developmentof mathematical models for predicting and correlating membrane transport rate havebeen published in recent years.More exact estimation of the diffusion coefficientshas been the subject of chief concern in many of these papers.For a bi-ionic systemwith the same valence,Sato et al.gave a method for estimating diffusion coefficients

Demineralised Lignite Fly Ash for the Removal of Zn(II) Ions from Aqueous Solution

Among the various possibilities of limiting the disposal of fly ashes (lignite), their reutilization as adsorbent materials is worthy of consideration. To this end, proper ashes beneficiation techniques can be put into practice. The adsorption of toxic compounds from industrial wastewater is an effective method for both treating these effluents and recycling lignite fly ash. The aim of this paper is to give a contribution for understanding the relationships among beneficiation treatments, adsorbent properties and adsorption mechanism and efficiency. In this context, the lignite fly ash was demineralised using concentrated HCl and HF (FA-DEM) and was used as adsorbent for Zn(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were carried out under various adsorbent dosages, pH, contact time and different metal ion concentrations. For FA-DEM, the 57.7% removal of Zn(II) ion was achieved under the optimum conditions of adsorbent dosages of 4 g/L, pH at 6, temperature at 303 K and the contact time of 1.15 h. The adsorption of Zn(II) ions onto FA-DEM followed the pseudo second order kinetics. The Langmuir isotherm model best represented the equilibrium data.

Preparation, Characterization, and Application of Manganese Oxide Coated Zeolite as Adsorbent for Removal of Copper(II) Ions from Seawater

The present study is aimed to examine the adsorption characteristics of Cu(II) by using the novel cellulose acetate composite and to apply it for the removal of Cu(II) from real wastewater samples. In order to achieve this objective, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine and te-traethylenepentanene were used for immobilization of grafted cellulose acetate-nanoscale manganese dioxide. Cellulose was extracted from mangrove species Avicennia marina and converted to cellulose acetate then it was formed composite with nano-manganese dioxide via precipitation of nano-manganese dioxide on it. The composite was grafted with acrylamide monomer before immobilization. The synthesized compounds were used for adsorption of Cu(II) and characterized by FT-IR, TGA and SEM. The adsorption characteristics of synthesized sorbents were optimized. Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to establish sorption equilibria. The analytical applications of these modified materials were applied successfully for the removal of Cu(II).

SYNTHEIS， SITUCTURE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BINUCLEAR Cu（II） COMPLEX ［Cu（C6H5COO）2（C5H6N2）］2．（C4H8O）2

At room temperature,dibenzoyl peroxide undergoes oxidative addition on metallic Copper Powder and 2-aminopyridine in a solvent(acetone and tetrahydrofuran), which affords the product as a binuclear Cu(II)complex [Cu (C5 H5 COO)2(C5 H5 N2)]2. (C4 H5 O)2. The structure of the complex was characterized by elemental analyses. IR spectra, TG-DTA. The structure of the compound has been solved by direct method and Fourier synthesis, and refined by block-diagonal and full matrix least-squares method to a final R of 0.04329 for 3671 independent reflection of I>e(I). The crystals are triclinic, C46H45N4O10Cu2.Z=1, Mr=943.93, space group P-1, with cell parameters, a=10.806(1); b=11.169(3);c=11.729(2)A; α=71.99(2),β=89.38(1)°; γ=81.37(1); V=1330.1A3; Dc=1.172g.cm-3;μ=8.5cm-1. The copper(II) ion is coordinated by four bridging bidentate benzoate and two 2-aminopyridine to form dimeric molecules.

Effect of Hg(II) and Pb(II) Ions on C-Phycocyanin (<i>Spirulina</i><i>platensis</i>)

Influence of Hg(II) and Pb(II) ions on C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) from cyanobacteria Spirulina platensis was investigated using Fluorescence spectroscopy. Fluorescence measurements demonstrate quenching of C-PC emission by Hg(II) and Pb(II), and blue shifts in the fluorescence spectra. The effect of DNA on the fluorescence of Hg(II)-and Pb(II)-C-PC (from Spirulina platensis) complexes was also studied. It was shown that the fluorescence intensity of Hg-C-PC after addition of DNA gave rise to the fluorescence buildup. At the same time, addition of DNA to the Pb(II)-C-PC complexes showed no such effect. In the case of Hg(II)-C-PC, fluorescence intensity significantly decreases in time, while for Pb(II)-C-PC, decrease of the fluorescence intensity is not significant, but blue shift of the peak takes place.

SYNTHESIS AND CARACTERIZATION OF TERNARY COMPLEXES CONTAINING Cu(II),L-HISTIDINE AND NUCLEOTIDE

The ternary complexes containing Cu(II),L-His and nucleotide (5'-GMP and 5'-IMP)were synthesized and characterized.IR and ~1H NMR spectra show that Cu(II)binds to carboxylate oxygen and imidazole nitrogen of L-His and purine N_7 of 5'-GMP and 5'-IMP.The interaction of Cu(II)with Po_3^(2-)of 5'-GMP is present,but that for 5'-IMP is not present.