Quasicrystals have long-range quasi-periodic translational ordering and non-crystallographic rotational symmetry.Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystals have great potential for lithium storage because of their high Al content and a l...Quasicrystals have long-range quasi-periodic translational ordering and non-crystallographic rotational symmetry.Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystals have great potential for lithium storage because of their high Al content and a large number of defects in the structure.In our previous study(J.Alloys Compd.805(2019)942)we showed that Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystals have good initial capacity whereas its cycle stability is poor.In the present study,graphite/AlCuFe is prepared by the mechanical alloying method.The results show that graphite/AlCuFe quasicrystal composites are successfully synthesized by planetary ball milling at 550 rpm for 80 h.The quasicrystal particle size decreases and the amorphous graphite forms onion-like carbon(OLC)when the two phases mix evenly.OLC forms on the surface of the Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystalline powder.Charge and discharge tests show that graphite/AlCuFe quasicrystal composites have high-stability capacity of 480 mAh/g after 20 cycles,which is larger than the sum of capacities of graphite and Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystals.展开更多
The rolling treatment of steel-mushy QTi3.5-3.5 graphite composite was conducted under different relative reduction at room temperature. The effect of room-temperature rolling on interracial mechanical property of ste...The rolling treatment of steel-mushy QTi3.5-3.5 graphite composite was conducted under different relative reduction at room temperature. The effect of room-temperature rolling on interracial mechanical property of steel-mushy QTi3.5-3.5 graphite composite was studied and the relationship between interracial shear strength and relative reduction was established. The results show that, for steel-mushy QTi3.5-3.5 graphite composite, which consists of 1.2 mm-thick 08AI steel plate and 2.8 mm-thick QTi3.5-3.5 graphite layer, there is a nonlinear relationship between interracial shear strength and relative reduction in graphite layer. When relative reduction is smaller than 1.1%,interracial shear strength increases with increasing the relative reduction. When relative reduction is larger than 1.1%, interracial shear strength decreases with increasing the relative reduction. When relative reduction is 1.1%,the largest interracial shear strength of 145.2 MPa can be obtained.展开更多
In the present investigation the possibility of using exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) as reinforcement in order to enhance the mechanical properties of Cu-based metal matrix composites is explored. Cu-based m...In the present investigation the possibility of using exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) as reinforcement in order to enhance the mechanical properties of Cu-based metal matrix composites is explored. Cu-based metal matrix composites reinforced with different amounts of xGnP were fabricated by powder metallurgy route. The microstructure, sliding wear behaviour and mechanical properties of the Cu-xGnP composites were investigated. xGnP has been synthesized from the graphite intercalation compounds (GIC) through rapid evaporation of the intercalant at an elevated temperature. The thermally exfoliated graphite was later sonicated for a period of 5 h in acetone in order to achieve further exfoliation. The xGnP synthesized was characterized using SEM, HRTEM, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The Cu and xGnP powder mixtures were consolidated under a load of 565 MPa followed by sintering at 850°C for 2 h in inert atmosphere. Cu-1, 2, 3 and 5 wt% xGnP composites were developed. Results of the wear test show that there is a significant improvement in the wear resistance of the composites up to addition of 2 wt% of xGnP. Hardness, tensile strength and strain at failure of the various Cu-xGnP composites also show improvement upto the addition of 2 wt% xGnP beyond which there is a decrease in these properties. The density of the composites decreases with the addition of higher wt% of xGnP although addition of higher wt% of xGnP leads to higher sinterability and densification of the composites, resulting in higher relative density values. The nature of fracture in the pure Cu as well as the various Cu-xGnP composites was found to be ductile. Nanoplatelets of graphite were found firmly embedded in the Cu matrix in case of Cu-xGnP composites containing low wt% of xGnP.展开更多
Cathode erosion of graphite and Cu/C was studied in direct current arcs, which were ignited between two electrodes comprised of two kinds of carbon materials and a tungsten anode in air. The arced zones on the cathode...Cathode erosion of graphite and Cu/C was studied in direct current arcs, which were ignited between two electrodes comprised of two kinds of carbon materials and a tungsten anode in air. The arced zones on the cathode surface were investigated by a scanning electron microscope. Also, the cathode erosion rates of the investigated materials were measured. The results show that two distinct zone can be seen on both cathodes. The eroded area was located at the zone just opposite to the anode and surrounded by a white zone. The arced surface on the Cu/C containing 9.3 % Cu is rougher than that of the pure graphite. Many particles with various sizes distributed on the Cu/C. The vaporization of Cu can lower the surface temperature and reduce the cathode erosion. Therefore, the cathode erosion rate of the Cu/C is lower than that of the pure graphite.展开更多
In this paper Cu-WS2-graphite-WS2nanotube composites were fabricated by powder metallurgy hot pressing method.The effect of current polarity on the wear rates and contact voltage drops of the composites were investiga...In this paper Cu-WS2-graphite-WS2nanotube composites were fabricated by powder metallurgy hot pressing method.The effect of current polarity on the wear rates and contact voltage drops of the composites were investigated using a brush-on-slip ring tribometer rubbing against Cu-5 wt.%Ag alloy ring in air and vacuum,respectively.The worn surfaces of the composites were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).Surface profile curves of the worn tracks were measured using the surface profiler.The results demonstrated that the current polarity has a significant effect on the wear rates and contact voltage drops of the composites in both air and vacuum conditions.Positive brush possesses a higher wear rate compared with the negative brush in the air atmosphere since the electrical field direction activates oxidation at the positive brush surface while inhibits oxidation at the negative brush surface.Except for the regular wear losses,the combined effect of molten metal bridge erosion and arc erosion cause the positive brush to lose extra material and the negative brush to gain extra material,so the positive brush shows a higher wear rate in the vacuum condition.The contact voltage drop of the positive brush is lower than that of the negative brush in the air atmosphere,but contrarily,the positive brush shows a higher contact voltage drop in the vacuum condition.展开更多
Sliding friction and wear experiments using Cu-La2O3-graphite composites against Cu-5 wt.%Ag alloy ring were conducted at a constant sliding speed of 10 m/s, a current density of 10 A/cm2 and a load of 2.5 N/cm2. Thes...Sliding friction and wear experiments using Cu-La2O3-graphite composites against Cu-5 wt.%Ag alloy ring were conducted at a constant sliding speed of 10 m/s, a current density of 10 A/cm2 and a load of 2.5 N/cm2. These composites with different La2O3 and graphite contents were fabricated by hot-pressing. Physical and mechanical properties of the composites were examined. Morphologies of the worn surface of composites were observed using optical microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra were used to study compositions of the lubricating film. The results showed that with the increasing addition of La2O3, hardness, flexural strength and electrical resistivity increased, but the relative density dropped. The friction coefficient increased with the increasing addition of La2O3. Composite containing 3 vol.% of La2O3 and 37 vol.% of graphite showed the best wear resistance. The main wear mechanisms of composites were abrasive wear, oxidative wear and adhesive wear.展开更多
文摘Quasicrystals have long-range quasi-periodic translational ordering and non-crystallographic rotational symmetry.Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystals have great potential for lithium storage because of their high Al content and a large number of defects in the structure.In our previous study(J.Alloys Compd.805(2019)942)we showed that Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystals have good initial capacity whereas its cycle stability is poor.In the present study,graphite/AlCuFe is prepared by the mechanical alloying method.The results show that graphite/AlCuFe quasicrystal composites are successfully synthesized by planetary ball milling at 550 rpm for 80 h.The quasicrystal particle size decreases and the amorphous graphite forms onion-like carbon(OLC)when the two phases mix evenly.OLC forms on the surface of the Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystalline powder.Charge and discharge tests show that graphite/AlCuFe quasicrystal composites have high-stability capacity of 480 mAh/g after 20 cycles,which is larger than the sum of capacities of graphite and Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.50274047 and 50304001)the Ministry of Education of PRC FoundationBeijing Jiaotong University Foundation
文摘The rolling treatment of steel-mushy QTi3.5-3.5 graphite composite was conducted under different relative reduction at room temperature. The effect of room-temperature rolling on interracial mechanical property of steel-mushy QTi3.5-3.5 graphite composite was studied and the relationship between interracial shear strength and relative reduction was established. The results show that, for steel-mushy QTi3.5-3.5 graphite composite, which consists of 1.2 mm-thick 08AI steel plate and 2.8 mm-thick QTi3.5-3.5 graphite layer, there is a nonlinear relationship between interracial shear strength and relative reduction in graphite layer. When relative reduction is smaller than 1.1%,interracial shear strength increases with increasing the relative reduction. When relative reduction is larger than 1.1%, interracial shear strength decreases with increasing the relative reduction. When relative reduction is 1.1%,the largest interracial shear strength of 145.2 MPa can be obtained.
文摘In the present investigation the possibility of using exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) as reinforcement in order to enhance the mechanical properties of Cu-based metal matrix composites is explored. Cu-based metal matrix composites reinforced with different amounts of xGnP were fabricated by powder metallurgy route. The microstructure, sliding wear behaviour and mechanical properties of the Cu-xGnP composites were investigated. xGnP has been synthesized from the graphite intercalation compounds (GIC) through rapid evaporation of the intercalant at an elevated temperature. The thermally exfoliated graphite was later sonicated for a period of 5 h in acetone in order to achieve further exfoliation. The xGnP synthesized was characterized using SEM, HRTEM, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The Cu and xGnP powder mixtures were consolidated under a load of 565 MPa followed by sintering at 850°C for 2 h in inert atmosphere. Cu-1, 2, 3 and 5 wt% xGnP composites were developed. Results of the wear test show that there is a significant improvement in the wear resistance of the composites up to addition of 2 wt% of xGnP. Hardness, tensile strength and strain at failure of the various Cu-xGnP composites also show improvement upto the addition of 2 wt% xGnP beyond which there is a decrease in these properties. The density of the composites decreases with the addition of higher wt% of xGnP although addition of higher wt% of xGnP leads to higher sinterability and densification of the composites, resulting in higher relative density values. The nature of fracture in the pure Cu as well as the various Cu-xGnP composites was found to be ductile. Nanoplatelets of graphite were found firmly embedded in the Cu matrix in case of Cu-xGnP composites containing low wt% of xGnP.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 50702045, 50871078, 51172182)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No. NCET-08-0460)Basic Research Foundation of NWPU (No. JC20100227)
文摘Cathode erosion of graphite and Cu/C was studied in direct current arcs, which were ignited between two electrodes comprised of two kinds of carbon materials and a tungsten anode in air. The arced zones on the cathode surface were investigated by a scanning electron microscope. Also, the cathode erosion rates of the investigated materials were measured. The results show that two distinct zone can be seen on both cathodes. The eroded area was located at the zone just opposite to the anode and surrounded by a white zone. The arced surface on the Cu/C containing 9.3 % Cu is rougher than that of the pure graphite. Many particles with various sizes distributed on the Cu/C. The vaporization of Cu can lower the surface temperature and reduce the cathode erosion. Therefore, the cathode erosion rate of the Cu/C is lower than that of the pure graphite.
基金supported by the Major Research Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.91026018)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.60979017)the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.20110111110015)
文摘In this paper Cu-WS2-graphite-WS2nanotube composites were fabricated by powder metallurgy hot pressing method.The effect of current polarity on the wear rates and contact voltage drops of the composites were investigated using a brush-on-slip ring tribometer rubbing against Cu-5 wt.%Ag alloy ring in air and vacuum,respectively.The worn surfaces of the composites were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).Surface profile curves of the worn tracks were measured using the surface profiler.The results demonstrated that the current polarity has a significant effect on the wear rates and contact voltage drops of the composites in both air and vacuum conditions.Positive brush possesses a higher wear rate compared with the negative brush in the air atmosphere since the electrical field direction activates oxidation at the positive brush surface while inhibits oxidation at the negative brush surface.Except for the regular wear losses,the combined effect of molten metal bridge erosion and arc erosion cause the positive brush to lose extra material and the negative brush to gain extra material,so the positive brush shows a higher wear rate in the vacuum condition.The contact voltage drop of the positive brush is lower than that of the negative brush in the air atmosphere,but contrarily,the positive brush shows a higher contact voltage drop in the vacuum condition.
基金Project supported by the Major Research Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91026018)the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China(2011011110015)the Shanghai City special artificial micro materials and Technology Key Laboratory Open Fund(ammt2013A-7)
文摘Sliding friction and wear experiments using Cu-La2O3-graphite composites against Cu-5 wt.%Ag alloy ring were conducted at a constant sliding speed of 10 m/s, a current density of 10 A/cm2 and a load of 2.5 N/cm2. These composites with different La2O3 and graphite contents were fabricated by hot-pressing. Physical and mechanical properties of the composites were examined. Morphologies of the worn surface of composites were observed using optical microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra were used to study compositions of the lubricating film. The results showed that with the increasing addition of La2O3, hardness, flexural strength and electrical resistivity increased, but the relative density dropped. The friction coefficient increased with the increasing addition of La2O3. Composite containing 3 vol.% of La2O3 and 37 vol.% of graphite showed the best wear resistance. The main wear mechanisms of composites were abrasive wear, oxidative wear and adhesive wear.
