PROPERTIES OF POLYMER SUPPORTED Ni-Cu BIMETALLIC CATALYSTS PREPARED BY SOLVATED METAL ATOM IMPREGNATION

D-72 resin supported nickel-copper catalysts prepared by solvated metal atom impregnation (SMAI) were studied by magnetic measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Ni particles on the catalysts are very highly dispersed and display superparamagnetic behaviour. Ni-Cu alloy clusters were found to be formed. The surface compositions are different from the bulk concentrations. In contrast with the surface enrichment in copper generally observed on conventional Ni-Cu catalysts, the surfaces of these catalysts are enriched in nickel. The nickel is in both zero and valent states, while copper is mainly in metallic state. Catalytic data show that the formation of Ni-Cu alloy clusters has a profound effect on the catalytic activities of the catalysts in the hydrogenation of furfural. The activity of the Ni:Cu ratio of one bimetallic catalysts is much higher than that of the Ni or Cu monometallic catalyst.

Partial oxidation of methane over SiO2 supported Ni and NiCe catalysts

Nickel and nickel-ceria catalysts supported on high surface area silica, with 6 wt% Ni and 20 wt% CeO2 were prepared by microwave assisted(co) precipitation method. The catalysts were investigated by XRD,TPR and XPS analyses and they were tested in partial oxidation of methane(CPO). The catalytic reaction was carried out at atmospheric pressure in a temperature range of 400–800℃ with a feed gas mixture containing methane and oxygen in a molecular ratio CH4/O2=2. The Ni catalyst exhibited 60% methane conversion with 60% selectivity to CO already at 500℃. On the contrary, the Ni–Ce catalyst was inert to CPO up to 700℃. Moreover, the former catalyst reproduced its activity at the descending temperatures maintaining a good stability at 600℃, over a reaction time of 80 h, whereas the latter one completely deactivated. Test of CH4 temperature programmed surface reaction(CH4-TPSR) revealed a higher methane activation temperature(> 100℃) for the Ni–Ce catalyst as compared to the Ni one. Noticeable improvement of the ceria containing catalyst occurred when the reaction test started at a temperature higher than the methane decomposition temperature. In this case, the sample achieved the same catalytic behavior of the Ni catalyst. As confirmed by XPS analyses, the distinct electronic state of the supported nickel was responsible for the differences in catalytic behavior.

A Novel Carbon Nanotube-Supported NiP Amorphous Alloy Catalyst and Its Hydrogenation Activity

A carbon nanotube-supported NiP amorphous catalyst （NiP/CNT） was prepared by induced reduction. Benzene hydrogenation was used as a probe reaction for the study of catalytic activity. The effects of the support on the activity and thermal stability of the supported catalyst were discussed based on various characterizations, including XRD, TEM, ICP, XPS, H2-TPD, and DTA. In comparison with the NiP amorphous alloy, the benzene conversion on NiP/CNT catalyst was lower, but the specific activity of NiP/CNT was higher, which is attributed to the dispersion produced by the support, an electron-donating effect, and the hydrogen-storage ability of CNT. The NiP/CNT thermal stability was improved because of the dispersion and electronic effects and the good heat-conduction ability of the CNT support.

Effect of Cu promoter on Ni-based SBA-15 catalysts for partial oxidation of methane to syngas

A series of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts with 5wt% to 15wt% Ni content as well as a series of 12.5%Ni/Cu/SBA-15 catalysts with 1% to 10% copper content were prepared by the impregnation method. The catalytic performance for partial oxidation of methane was investigated in a continuous flow microreactor under atmospheric pressure. The textural and chemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM, BET and Hz-TPR techniques. The results indicated that the catalysts modified with Cu promoter showed better performance than those without modification. For the 12.5%Ni/2.5%/Cu/SBA-15 catalyst, at 850 ℃ the conversion of CH4 reached 97.9% and the selectivity of CO and H2 reached 98.0% and 96.0%, respectively. In XRD patterns of the Ni/Cu/SBA-15 catalyst with 7.5 to 10% Cu contents there were CuO characteristic peaks beside NiO characteristic peaks. The mesoporous structure of SBA-15 was retained in all of the catalysts. TPR analysis of the catalysts revealed that a strong interaction between Ni, Cu promoter and SBA-15 support may be existed. This interaction enhanced significantly the redox properties of the catalysts resulting in the higher catalytic activity.

Catalytic methanation of syngas over Ni-based catalysts with different supports

Co-precipitation method was selected for the preparation of Ni/Al_2O_3, Ni/ZrO_2 and Ni/CeO_2 catalysts, and their performances in methanation were investigated in this study. The structure and surface properties of these catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD, H_2-TPD, TEM and H_2-TPR. The results showed that the catalytic activity at low temperature followed the order: Ni/Al_2O_3>Ni/ZrO_2>Ni/CeO_2. Ni/Al_2O_3 catalyst presented the best catalytic performance with the highest CH_4 selectivity of 94.5%. The characterization results indicated that the dispersion of the active component Ni was the main factor affecting the catalytic activity and the one with higher dispersion gave better performance.

Dry reforming of methane on active and coke resistant Ni/Y_2Zr_2O_7 catalysts treated by dielectric barrier discharge plasma

In this study, Ni/YZrOcatalysts prepared with impregnation method and treated by dielectric barrier discharge plasma(DBD) in different atmospheres have been investigated for methane dry reforming. It is revealed by H-TPR that plasma treatment can enhance the interaction between Ni O/Ni particles and the YZrOpyrochlore support. Therefore, catalysts with smaller Ni O and Ni grains sizes, higher metallic Ni active surface areas can be achieved, as evidenced by XRD, TEM and Hadsorption-desorption measurements. As a consequence, the plasma-treated catalysts show significantly improved activity, stability and coke resistance, as testified by the TEM and TGA-DSC results. Plasma treatment in H/Ar gas mixture is found to be the best condition to prepare Ni/YZrO, which can be used to obtain a catalyst with the highest activity, stability and most potent coke resistance. It is believed that the smaller Ni grain size and higher metallic Ni active surface area induced by plasma treatment are the inherent reasons accounting for the promoted reaction performance of the Ni/YZrOpyrochlore catalysts.

Carbon dioxide reforming of methane on monolithic Ni/Al_2O_3-based catalysts

Nickel-alumina catalysts supported on cordierite monoliths of honeycomb structure surpass essentially the conventional granulated ones with respect to the output in carbon dioxide reforming of methane. Adjusting the surface acid-base properties of catalysts by introduction of alkali metal （Na, K） oxides inhibits the carbonization and as a result, improves the operational stability of these catalysts. An effect of promotion of nickel-alumina based composite doped by lanthanum oxide is found. This effect, caused by an additional route for the CO2 activation on Ni-La2O3/Al2O3/cordierite catalyst, is displayed in increase of methane conversion under conditions of an oxidant excess.

Sorbitol Hydrogenolysis to Glycols over Baisic Additive Promoted Ni-based Catalysts

A series of Ni based catalysts with different supports and basic additives were prepared by sequential impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, H2-TPR and CO2-TPD techniques. It was found that the introduction of basic additives enhanced the basicities of catalyats and promoted the dispersities of Ni particles by strong interaction between Ni2＋ and basic additives. Among the Ni based catalysts, 10%Ni/10%La203/ZrO2 showed the superior performance in sorbitol hydrogenolysis. The synergistic effect of Ni and La203 was proven to play an essential role in selective synthesis of EG and 1,2-PG. In the optimal reaction condition, the catalyst presented 100% sorbitol conversion and over 48% glycols （EG and 1,2-PG） yield. The kinetics study of polyols （sorbitol, xylitol and glycerol） hydrogenolysis showed that polyols with more hydroxyl number have higher activity and products distribution was final results of kinetic balance, which could give us some inspiration abeut how to change the products selectivity.

Efficient one-pot hydrogenolysis of biomass-derived xylitol into ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol over Cu–Ni–ZrO_2 catalyst without solid bases

The directly selective hydrogenolysis of xylitol to ethylene glycol(EG) and 1,2-propylene glycol(1,2-PDO)was performed on Cu–Ni–ZrO_2 catalysts prepared by a co-precipitation method. Upon optimizing the reaction conditions(518 K, 4.0 MPaH_2 and 3 h), 97.0% conversion of xylitol and 63.1% yield of glycols were obtained in water without extra inorganic base. The catalyst still remained stable activity after six cycles and above 80% total selectivity of glycols was obtained when using 20.0% xylitol concentration. XRD, TEM and ICP results indicated that Cu–Ni–ZrO_2 catalysts possess favorable stability. Cu and Ni are beneficial to the cleavage of C–O and C–H bond, respectively. To reduce the hydrogen consumption, isopropanol was added as in-situ hydrogen source and 96.4% conversion of xylitol with 43.6% yield of glycols were realized.

Revealing the Promoting Eff ect of CeO_(2)on the Cu/ZnO Catalyst for Methanol Steam Reforming

Cu-based catalysts have been extensively used in methanol steam reforming(MSR)reactions because of their low cost and high effi ciency.ZnO is often used in commercial Cu-based catalysts as both a structural and an electronic promoter to stabilize metal Cu nanoparticles and modify metal–support interfaces.Still,the further addition of chemical promoters is essential to further enhance the MSR reaction performance of the Cu/ZnO catalyst.In this work,CeO_(2)-doped Cu/ZnO catalysts were prepared using the coprecipitation method,and the eff ects of CeO_(2)on Cu-based catalysts were systematically investigated.Doping with appropriate CeO_(2)amounts could stabilize small Cu nanoparticles through a strong interaction between CeO_(2)and Cu,leading to the formation of more Cu+–ZnO x interfacial sites.However,higher CeO_(2)contents resulted in the formation of larger Cu nanoparticles and an excess of Cu+–CeO x interfacial sites.Consequently,the Cu/5CeO_(2)/ZnO catalyst with maximal Cu–ZnO interfaces exhibited the highest H 2 production rate of 94.6 mmolH2/(gcat·h),which was 1.5 and 10.2 times higher than those of Cu/ZnO and Cu/CeO_(2),respectively.

Development of Cu foam-based Ni catalyst for solar thermal reforming of methane with carbon dioxide

Using solar energy to produce syngas via the endothermic reforming of methane has been extensively inves- tigated at the laboratory- and pilot plant-scales as a promising method of storing solar energy. One of the challenges to scaling up this process in a tubular reformer is to improve the reactor＇s performance, which is limited by mass and heat transfer issues. High thermal conductivity Cu foam was therefore used as a sub-strate to improve the catalyst＇s thermal conductivity during solar reforming. We also developed a method to coat the foam with the catalytically active component NiMg3AlOx. The Cu foam-based NiMg3AlOx performs better than catalysts supported on SiSiC foam, which is currently used as a substrate for solar-reforming cat- alysts, at high gas hourly space velocity （≥400,000 mL/（g.h）） or at low reaction temperatures （≤ 720 ℃）. The presence of a γ-Al2O3 intermediate layer improves the adhesion between the catalyst and substrate as well as the catalytic activity.

Effect of Transition Metals (Cu, Co and Fe) on the Autothermal Reforming of Methane over Ni/Ce_(0.2)Zr_(0.1)Al_(0.7)O_δ Catalyst

The transition metals （Cu, Co, and Fe） were applied to modify Ni/Ce0.2Zr0.1Al0.7Oδ catalyst. The effects of transition metals on the catalytic properties of Ni/Ce0.2Zr0.1Al0.7Oδ autothermal reforming of methane were investigated. The Ni-supported catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR and XPS. Tests in autothermal reforming of methane to hydrogen showed that the addition of transition metals （Cu and Co） significantly increased the activity of catalyst under the conditions of lower reaction temperature, and Ni/Cu0.05Ce0.2Zr0.1Al0.65Oδ was found to have the highest conversion of CH4 among all catalysts in the operation temperatures ranging from 923 K to 1023 K. TPR, XRD and XPS measurements indicated that the cubic phases of CexZr1-xO2 solid solution were formed in the preparation process of catalysts. Strong interaction was found to exist between NiO and CexZr1-xO2 solid solution. The addition of Cu improved the dispersion of NiO, inhibited the formation of NiAl2O4, and thus significantly promoted the activity of the catalyst Ni/Cu0.05Ce0.2Zr0.1Al0.65Oδ

双金属Ni-Cu催化剂对顺酐选择性加氢产物的调控

【目的】为探索金属催化剂在α,β-不饱和羰基化合物上选择性加氢C-O、C-C双键的规律,设计了Ni-Cu双金属催化剂。【方法】通过蒸氨法制备一系列的Ni-Cu/SiO_(2)双金属催化剂,采用固定床装置进行常压顺酐(maleic anhydride,MA)加氢反应,研究了不同比例的Ni-Cu催化剂对顺酐选择性加氢产物的调控规律。【结果】Ni-Cu/SiO_(2)催化剂比表面积越大,氢气吸附能力越强,催化活性越高,其转化率均能达到99%以上。Ni、Cu含量和反应温度是影响顺酐选择性加氢产物分布的主要因素。Ni金属虽有利于γ-丁内酯(γ-butyrolactone,GBL)的生成,但其副产物丙酸较高。同时温度的升高也会造成酸类副产物上升,因此Ni金属适用于低温条件下的C-C加氢,主要生成丁二酸酐(succinic anhydride,SA);Cu金属参与反应得到的酸类副产物少,GBL+SA选择性高,因此Cu金属则更适用于高温条件下的C-O加氢,γ-丁内酯为主要产物。【结论】本研究结果能为顺酐加氢制γ-丁内酯联产丁二酸酐工艺大规模工业化生产提供参考。

Ni-Cu双金属催化剂对蓖麻油催化加氢的性能研究

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列负载型镍铜双金属催化剂,并将其应用于蓖麻油加氢反应。考察了不同金属摩尔比、催化剂制备条件、反应温度、反应压力对蓖麻油氢化反应的影响。结果表明,在以SD-Ⅱ膨润土为载体,金属硝酸盐为反应物,镍铜摩尔比为2.5:1的条件下,制备的催化剂活性和选择性最佳。同时,在H2压力为2 MPa,反应温度为160℃条件下,反应1 h后产品氢化蓖麻油的碘值可以达到3.5 g/100 g左右、羟值达到158.9 mg/g左右,均达到国家标准的指标参数要求。该催化剂在循环使用5次后,仍未发现明显失活。实验结果表明,这种低成本、性能稳定的双金属催化剂可用于氢化蓖麻油工业化生产及连续工艺的开发。

Study on the Active Phases of Ni-W System Hydrotreating Catalysts

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K_2O助剂对合成碳酸二甲酯用Cu-Ni/MoO_3-SiO_2催化剂吸附和反应性能的影响

用等体积浸渍法制备了MoO3 SiO2 (MoSiO)表面复合氧化物负载的Cu Ni K2 O催化剂。利用IR ,TPR ,TPD以及微反技术研究了K2 O助剂对CO2 和CH3OH在Cu Ni MoSiO催化剂表面上吸附和合成DMC(碳酸二甲酯 )反应性能的影响。结果表明 :K2 O助剂的加入 ,使CO2 在催化剂表面吸附强度增加 ,当K2 O含量达Cu Ni总量的 15 %时 ,CO2 在催化剂表面上吸附后生成K2 CO3;CH3OH在催化剂表面上的解离吸附态 (CH3O- +H+ )的吸附强度减弱 ;CO2 和CH3OH在Cu Ni K2 O MoSiO催化剂表面反应主要产物为DMC ,H2 O ,CO和CH2 O。随着K2 O助剂的加入 ,反应转化率在 10 %之前增加 ,之后下降 ,DMC选择性稍有提高。副产物 (CO和CH2 O)的选择性下降。根据实验结果探讨了K2 O对催化剂表面活性中心的电荷分布的影响。

Cu/Zn、Cu/Zn/Ni催化剂甲醇部分氧化制氢

研究了甲醇在Cu/Zn及Cu/Zn/Ni催化剂上部分氧化热耦合裂解制氢的反应，系统地考察了不同O_2/CH_3OH比及反应温度下催化剂性能.当O_2/CH_3OH=0.2时，催化剂的性能最佳.在同样条件下，Cu/Zn催化剂对CO的选择性较Cu/Zn/Ni催化剂低，更具优势. Cu/Zn催化剂用于甲醇部分氧化反应时，甲醇转化率在150 h寿命实验中基本保持在90％左右. XRD谱图表明Cu/Zn合金的生成是导致Cu/Zn系催化剂在甲醇裂解反应中快速失活的主要原因，而在部分氧化反应中，O_2的存在可抑制Cu/Zn合金的生成，使Cu/Zn催化剂表现出高度的稳定性.

二氧化碳催化氢化──Ni、Cu间的相互作用及不同担体的影响

本文采用ＸＲＤ、ＴＰＲ、ＴＰＤ－ＭＳ、ＴＰＳＲ－ＭＳ技术研究了金属组分Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ间及不同担体（包括ＳｉＯ＿２、ＴｉＯ＿２、Ｍｇｏ和γ－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３）和活性组分Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ间的相互作用及其对ＣＯ＿２催化加氢性能的影响。结果表明，这两种相互作用，不同程度地引起催化剂吸附Ｈ＿２和ＣＯ＿２能力的变化，进而影响到ＣＯ＿２加氢的反应性能。

Cu-Ni/Zn催化剂甲醇裂解机理原位XPS研究

利用原位XPS和TPD-MS技术研究了Cu-Ni/Zn催化剂在甲醇裂解反应中的机理和活性中心.TPD-M脱附产物中仅检测到CH3OH、H2和CO,而未发现CH4和CH3OCH3、HCOOCH3等其它含氧物种,说明在CH3O裂解过程中仅包括O-H、C-H键的断裂,而不存在C-O键的断裂过程.In-situXPS的研究发现,在反应温度升高到200℃以上时,Cu/Zn催化剂中的Zn明显被还原,反映出Cu/Zn催化剂失活过程的Cu-Zn合金生成过程,而在Cu-Ni/Zn催化剂中未观察到Zn的还原,且表面出现Cu+/Cu0共存的现象.Cu+和Cu0很可能共同构成催化剂表面的活性中心,Cu+应该是在甲醇裂解反应过程中形成的中间态.产物氢从Cu-Ni/Zn催化剂表面脱附为反应的控速步骤.

K_2O对合成DMC用Cu- Ni/V_2O_5- SiO_2催化剂性能的影响

V2O5- SiO2（VSiO） supported Cu- Ni- K2O catalysts for the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate were prepared using isovolumic impregnation. Based on TPR,TPD, IR and micro- reactor techniques, the effect of K2O on the adsorption and reaction of CO2 and CH3OH on the catalyst were characterized. The results show that addition of K2O exerts obvious influence on the charge distribution of the active sites on Cu- Ni/VSiO catalyst,increases the intensities of CO2 horizontal adsorption state, while that of the dissociation state of methanol descends. When the ratio of K is above 15％ , K2CO3 is formed on the catalyst. Moreover,the main reaction products of CO2 and CH3OH on Cu- Ni- K2O/VSiO catalyst are still DMC, H2O, CO and CH2O,and with the addition of K2O, the conversion of reactants rise, but the selectivity of by- products decreases.