Effect of cold rolling deformation on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of spray formed Al−Zn−Mg−Cu−Cr alloys

The impact of cold rolling deformation,which was introduced after solid solution and before aging treatment,on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the as-extruded spray formed Al−9.8Zn−2.3Mg−1.73Cu−0.13Cr(wt.%)alloy,was investigated.SEM,TEM,and EBSD were used to analyze the microstructures,and tensile tests were conducted to assess mechanical properties.The results indicate that the D1-T6 sample,subjected to 25%cold rolling deformation,exhibits finer grains(3.35μm)compared to the D0-T6 sample(grain size of 4.23μm)without cold rolling.Cold rolling refines the grains that grow in solution treatment.Due to the combined effects of finer and more dispersed precipitates,higher dislocation density and smaller grains,the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the D1-T6 sample can reach 663 and 737 MPa,respectively.In comparison to the as-extruded and D0-T6 samples,the yield strength of the D1-T6 sample increases by 415 and 92 MPa,respectively.

Synergistic effect of gradient Zn content and multiscale particles on the mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys with coupling distribution of coarse-fine grains

This study investigated the influence of graded Zn content on the evolution of precipitated and iron-rich phases and grain struc-ture of the alloys,designed and developed the Al–8.0Zn–1.5Mg–1.5Cu–0.2Fe(wt%)alloy with high strength and formability.With the increase of Zn content,forming the coupling distribution of multiscale precipitates and iron-rich phases with a reasonable matching ratio and dispersion distribution characteristics is easy.This phenomenon induces the formation of cell-like structures with alternate distribu-tion of coarse and fine grains,and the average plasticity–strain ratio(characterizing the formability)of the pre-aged alloy with a high strength is up to 0.708.Results reveal the evolution and influence mechanisms of multiscale second-phase particles and the corresponding high formability mechanism of the alloys.The developed coupling control process exhibits considerable potential,revealing remarkable improvements in the room temperature formability of high-strength Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys.

Evolution of mechanical properties,localized corrosion resistance and microstructure of a high purity Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy during non-isothermal aging

The evolution of mechanical properties,localized corrosion resistance of a high purity Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy during non-isothermal aging(NIA)was investigated by hardness test,electrical conductivity test,tensile test,intergranular corrosion test,exfoliation corrosion test,slow strain rate tensile test and electrochemical test,and the mechanism has been discussed based on microstructure examination by optical microscopy,electron back scattered diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy.The NIA treatment includes a heating stage from 40℃to 180℃with a rate of 20℃/h and a cooling stage from 180℃to 40℃with a rate of 10℃/h.The results show that the hardness and strength increase rapidly during the heating stage of NIA since the increasing temperature favors the nucleation and the growth of strengthening precipitates and promotes the transformation of Guinier-Preston(GPI)zones toη'phase.During the cooling stage,the sizes ofη'phase increase with a little change in the number density,leading to a further slight increase of the hardness and strength.As NIA proceeds,the corroded morphology in the alloy changes from a layering feature to a wavy feature,the maximum corrosion depth decreases,and the reason has been analyzed based on the microstructural and microchemical feature of precipitates at grain boundaries and subgrain boundaries.

高强Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金静态再结晶模型及组织演变

采用Gleeble 3800热模拟试验机对航空用Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的热变形行为进行了测试,对变形后的微观组织进行了表征,系统分析了静态软化行为,建立了静态再结晶动力学模型。结果表明:实验用航空Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的静态再结晶激活能为129162 J·mol^(-1),静态再结晶体积分数受变形温度、变形程度、变形速率的影响,且变形温度对静态再结晶影响最明显;变形速率一定时,变形温度越高,道次停留时间的影响越不明显;350℃低温变形后,α-Al基体晶粒内部仍存在大量的位错缠结;400℃中温变形后,位错运动能够充分进行,部分晶粒发生了再结晶;450℃高温变形后,基体晶粒基本全部完成了再结晶,基体晶粒内部发现5~25 nm尺寸范围的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu四元相粒子;对于不同热变形条件,模型预测值的误差在0.008~0.0625范围内,动力学模型的计算结果精确度较高。

基于机器学习的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金快速设计

提出一种基于机器学习的合金快速设计系统(ARDS),以定制所需性能的合金制备策略或预测制备策略所对应的合金性能。为此,分别对3种回归算法:线性回归(LR)、支持向量回归(SVR)和人工神经网络(BPNN)进行建模和比较以训练多性能预测模型。其中,应用SVR构建的机器学习模型被证明是最佳的。然后,基于生成对抗网络(GAN)模型原理,构建Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系铝合金快速设计系统(ARDS)。对ARDS的预测可靠性进行验证。结果表明,为了能够获得准确的制备策略,系统中极限抗拉强度(UTS)、屈服强度(YS)和伸长率(EL)的输入上限分别约为790 MPa、730 MPa和28%。此外,基于ARDS预测结果,制备了一种性能优异的新型铝合金材料,其UTS为764 MPa、YS为732 MPa、EL为10.1%,进一步验证了ARDS的可靠性。

锌镁比对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Er-Sc-Zr合金显微组织与耐腐蚀性能影响的研究

通过调整Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Er-Sc-Zr合金中的Mg元素含量,研究了Zn/Mg比的变化对合金相演变以及腐蚀性能的影响规律。结果表明:Al_(8)Cu_(4)Er相、Al_(3)(Er,Sc)相与含Fe相存在明显的伴生关系,二者依附于含Fe相生长。Zn/Mg比的变化可显著改变三者间的交互形式,高的Zn/Mg比例有利于稀土相独立生长,且在比值为4.18的条件下,Al_(8)Cu_(4)Er相与含Fe相均得到了显著细化。细化的晶界第二相使腐蚀坑深度仅为82μm,而连续的伴生混合相、粗大稀土相等均会不同程度降低合金的耐蚀性能。

细化变质对免热处理压铸Al-Zn-Si-Cu合金组织及性能的影响

采用压铸成形工艺制备Al-Zn-Si-Cu合金,研究陶瓷纳米增强颗粒(TiC/TiB_(2))和Al-10Sr变质剂对免热处理压铸Al-Zn-Si-Cu合金力学性能、导热/电性能、显微组织的细化变质效果。结果表明,单独添加0.5%陶瓷纳米颗粒后,与未添加细化剂的合金相比,α-Al相得到明显细化,呈近蔷薇状,纤维状共晶Si相更加致密,短棒状Al_(2)Cu相更加细小,且Zn、Si、Cu元素在基体中含量增加,此时力学性能得到提升,导热/电性能略有下降,主要是由于溶质元素的增加导致晶格发生畸变程度变大,增大电子散射能力的同时减小电子的平均自由程,使得金属的导热和导电能力下降;经0.5%陶瓷纳米颗粒和0.1%Al-10Sr中间合金共同作用后,共晶Si相棱角钝化,基体中溶质元素含量进一步增加,此时合金力学性能达到最佳,其抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为361 MPa,213 MPa和6.8%,热导率为118.73 W/(m·K)。

淬火冷却方式及宏观取向对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金力学性能的影响

以7050铝合金为研究对象,研究热处理状态(空冷时效与水冷时效)和宏观取向(与轧制方向成0°,45°,90°)耦合作用对合金力学性能的影响。结果表明:水冷时效态的样品中析出相细小均匀弥散,晶界无析出带较窄。在空冷时效态下,过饱和的溶质不仅会以半共格的Al3Zr为核心形成粗大析出相,还会沿位错大量析出。此外,与水冷时效态相比,空冷时效态晶界相尺寸大幅增加,晶界无析出带显著宽化,不同宏观取向样品的强度和伸长率都明显下降。宏观取向对两种状态样品强度的差值影响较小,但对伸长率的差值影响较大。当拉伸方向与轧制方向成45°方向时,空冷诱导的伸长率下降幅度最小;当拉伸方向与轧制方向成90°时,下降幅度最大。

高Zn含量Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系合金的热处理技术研究综述

综述了高Zn含量(质量分数不小于7%)Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系合金的研究现状,重点介绍了高Zn含量Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系合金热处理技术(均匀化处理、固溶处理、时效处理及形变热处理)的研究近况,阐述了不同热处理技术对高Zn含量Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系合金组织性能的影响机制,展望了高Zn含量Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系合金发展趋势及前景,旨在为Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金综合性能的提升及铝合金材料产业的持续发展提供参考。

Ni元素对Zn-22Al药芯钎料用于Cu/Al钎焊接头组织和力学性能的影响

目的:研究Ni元素对Zn-Al药芯焊丝熔化特性、铺展性能的影响。方法:在钎剂中添加一定比例的Ni粉,在钎焊过程中形成Cu/Al接头的Ni合金化,分析不同含量Ni元素添加对Zn-22Al钎料以及Cu/Al异种合金钎焊接头的性能及显微组织的影响。结果:Ni粉添加可使Zn-22Al钎料在Al板上的铺展性能得到提升,当添加量质量分数为5%时钎料铺展性能提升26.75%;当添加量质量分数为7%时,用于Cu/Al钎焊的接头抗拉强度相较于未添加Ni粉焊接接头强度提升61.79%。结论:Ni粉添加可有效改善Zn-22Al焊缝的显微组织,体现为主晶相的细化,富Zn边界相的减少,促进主晶团之间形成层片状共析组织,以及减小了Cu侧生成的铜铝金属间化合物脆性相的厚度。

均匀化对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金第二相与晶粒尺寸的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)表征,研究了均匀化过程中Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的微观组织演变。结果表明,铸态合金晶界中存在大量难溶相Al7Cu2Fe及非平衡共晶相Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2、Al2CuMg相,在经过420℃/8 h的单级均匀化处理后,部分难溶相和非平衡共晶相回溶到基体中,但还存在大量枝晶偏析,继续进行470℃/36 h第二级均匀化后,非平衡共晶组织和枝晶偏析完全消除。合金的平均晶粒尺寸在两个阶段的均匀化中呈现随时间延长而增加的趋势,基体中残留相及共晶组织的面积分数随保温时长增加而减小,第二级均匀化达到36 h时,相面积分数仅为0.34%,表明均匀化已经非常充分。经过均匀化动力学分析,得出在第二级均匀化温度为470℃时,第二相充分回溶所需保温时间约为37 h,与均匀化的实验结果吻合。

高强Cu/Al接头用的Zn基钎料及Cu表面镀层研究

铜铝接头被广泛应用于电力电子等行业。在长期运行过程中,铜铝接头易出现脆性断裂问题,严重影响其安全服役。进行了锌基钎料的成分设计,分析了钎料的各项性能,得到优化的钎料成分。对铜板表面进行化学镀镍磷层改性,采用感应钎焊和优化的钎料进行了铜铝搭接钎焊试验。结果表明:在锌基钎料中提高Al含量,添加一定量Cu、Ag、稀土元素,可以提升钎料的润湿性能、强度和耐腐蚀性能。镍磷镀层显著提升了锌基钎料在铜板的润湿性能,改变了铜铝接头的界面反应,显著细化了焊缝晶粒。采用优化的锌基钎料和化学镀镍磷层工艺得到的铜铝接头的力学性能得到显著提升,剪切强度达37 MPa,疲劳寿命达85000次。

时效工艺对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu挤压棒材组织和性能的影响

研究了时效工艺对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu挤压棒材组织和性能的影响。结果表明,合金经双级+再时效、回归再时效和非等温时效处理后,均获得了优于T73时效处理的抗晶间腐蚀性能,最大腐蚀深度由70μm分别降至19、48和30μm。合金经过双级+再时效处理后,获得了与回归再时效和非等温时效处理样品相近的抗拉强度和屈服强度,而抗晶间腐蚀性能明显优于回归再时效和非等温时效。合金经T73、双级+再时效、回归再时效和非等温时效处理后,晶界析出相平均尺寸分别为27.7、39.2、31.6和25.5 nm,基体沉淀相平均尺寸分别为8.1、10.2、10.9和11.0 nm。

HPT工艺参数对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金强韧化机理研究

针对A1-Zn-Mg-Cu合金进行了HPT变参数正交实验,以探讨HPT工艺参数对合金力学性能的影响。通过多角度力学性能测试,包括抗拉强度和延伸率等,与常温试件的力学性能进行了比对,分析了变化规律;利用SEM对A1-Zn-Mg-Cu合金在高温下的断口形态进行观察,以揭示高温高压下A1-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的破坏机制。研究内容将为该技术在工业上的推广与应用奠定一定的理论与技术基础。

Strengthening mechanism of T8-aged Al-Cu-Li alloy with increased pre-deformation

The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a T8-aged Al-Cu-Li alloy with increased pre-deformation(0-15%) were investigated,revealing the microstructure-strength relationship and the intrinsic strengthening mechanism.The results show that increasing the pre-deformation levels remarkably improves the strength of the alloy but deteriorates its ductility.Dislocations introduced by pre-deformation effectively suppress the formation of Guinier-Preston(GP) zones and provide more nucleation sites for T1 precipitates.This leads to more intensive and finer T1 precipitates in the samples with higher pre-deformation levels.Simultaneously,the enhanced precipitation of T1 precipitates and inhibited formation of GP zones cause the decreases in number and sizes of θ′ precipitates.The quantitative descriptions of the strength contributions from different strengthening mechanisms reveal that strengthening contributions from T1 and θ′ precipitates decrease with increasing pre-deformation.The reduced diameters of T1 precipitates are primarily responsible for their weakened strengthening effects.Therefore,the improved strength of the T8-aged Al-Cu-Li alloy is mainly attributed to the stronger strain hardening from the increased pre-deformation levels.

Corrosion behavior of 2A97 Al-Cu-Li alloys in different thermomechanical conditions by quasi-in-situ analysis

As a promising material in the aircraft industry,2A97 Al-Cu-Li alloy exhibits high corrosion susceptibility that may limit its application.In the present work,to illustrate the influences of precipitate and grain-stored energy on localized corrosion evolution in 2A97 Al-Cu-Li alloy,cold working and artificial aging were carried out to produce 2A97 Al-Cu-Li alloys under different thermomechanical conditions.Quasi-in-situ analysis,traditional immersion test and electrochemical measurement were then conducted to examine the corrosion behavior of 2A97 alloys.It is revealed that precipitate significantly affects Cu enrichment at corrosion fronts,which determines corrosion susceptibility of alloys,whereas grain-stored energy distribution is closely associated with localized corrosion propagation.It is also indicated that quasi-in-situ analysis exhibits a consistent corrosion evolution with traditional immersion tests,which is regarded as a proper method to explore localized corrosion mechanisms by providing local microstructural information with enhanced time and spatial resolutions.

Improving comprehensive properties of Cu-11.9Al-2.5Mn shape memory alloy by adding multi-layer graphene carried by Cu_(51)Zr_(14)inoculant particles

In order to improve the comprehensive properties of the Cu-11.9Al-2.5Mn shape memory alloy(SMA),multilayer graphene(MLG)carried by Cu_(51)Zr_(14)inoculant particles was incorporated and dispersed into this alloy through preparing the preform of the cold-pressed MLG-Cu_(51)Zr_(14)composite powders.In the resultant novel MLG/Cu-Al-Mn composites,MLG in fragmented or flocculent form has a good bonding with the Cu-Al-Mn matrix.MLG can prevent the coarsening of grains of the Cu-Al-Mn SMA and cause thermal mismatch dislocations near the MLG/Cu-Al-Mn interfaces.The damping and mechanical properties of the MLG/Cu-Al-Mn composites are significantly improved.When the content of MLG reaches 0.2 wt.%,the highest room temperature damping of 0.0558,tensile strength of 801.5 MPa,elongation of 10.8%,and hardness of HV 308 can be obtained.On the basis of in-depth observation of microstructures,combined with the theory of internal friction and strengthening and toughening theories of metals,the relevant mechanisms are discussed.

Sc含量对Al9.0Zn2.5Mg2.2Cu0.2Zr合金铸态组织的影响

本文研究了Sc添加量对Al9.0Zn2.5Mg2.2Cu0.2Zr合金铸态组织的影响。结果表明,微量Sc与Zr协同可形成Al_(3)(Sc,Zr)第二相,在铸造过程中具有促进非均质形核、细化铸态晶粒的作用,并对合金共晶组织有明显的变质作用。但铸态合金中部分可达微米级初生Al_(3)(Sc,Zr)第二相对合金的加工性能和力学性能易产生不良影响。

纳米改性Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金电弧熔丝增材成形工艺及组织和性能

采用电弧熔丝增材制造技术(WAAM)对纳米改性Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金进行成形试验,分析了焊接电流、焊接速度、沉积路径、层间等待时间对成形性能的影响.结果表明,在焊接电流190 A、焊接速度350 mm/min、往复沉积、层间等待时间为90 s时合金具有良好的成形性能.对制备的直壁墙体进行了沉积后热处理,对不同状态合金的组织和性能进行了研究.沉积态及热处理态合金显微组织均具有优异的各向同性,由细小的、无明显取向的等轴晶组成.T6处理显著提高了沉积态合金的硬度及力学性能,T6处理后平均硬度为178.3 HV,较沉积态提升61%,沿横向抗拉强度(Rm)、屈服强度(R_(eL))与断后伸长率(A)分别为469.7(±5.1)MPa,366.3(±1.4)MPa与6.4(±0.4)%,沿纵向抗拉强度(Rm)、屈服强度(R_(eL))与断后伸长率(A)分别为454.3(±18.8)MPa,364.7(±16.7)MPa与5.9(±0.5)%,具有良好的力学性能各向同性.

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系铝合金增材制造研究进展

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系(即7xxx系)铝合金是军民两用最为广泛的一类超高强度铝合金,Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系铝合金增材制造技术具有复杂零件精密成形与轻量化设计等显著优势,市场需求广泛。本文综述了Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系合金增材制造技术的研究进展,总结了国内外增材制造7075铝合金目前存在的问题和改进措施。对7075铝合金增材制造技术未来的研究热点和发展方向进行了展望。