Texture and Geochemistry of Multi-stage Hydrothermal Scheelite in the Mamupu Cu-Au-Mo(-W)Deposit,Eastern Tibet:Implications for Tungsten Mineralization in the Yulong Belt

Multistage tungsten mineralization was recently discovered in the Mamupu copper-polymetallic deposit in the southern Yulong porphyry copper belt(YPCB),Tibet.This study reports the results of cathodoluminescence,trace element and Sr isotope analyses of Mamupu scheelite samples,undertaken in order to better constrain the mechanism of W mineralization and the sources of the ore-forming fluids.Three different types of scheelite are identified in the Mamupu deposit:scheelite A(Sch A)mainly occurs in breccias during the prograde stage,scheelite B(Sch B)forms in the chlorite-epidote alteration zone in the retrograde stage,while scheelite C(Sch C)occurs in distal quartz sulfide veins.The extremely high Mo content and negative Eu anomaly in Sch A represent high oxygen fugacity in the prograde stage.Compared with ore-related porphyries,Sch A has a similar REE pattern,but with higher ΣREE,more depleted HREE and slightly lower(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)i ratios.These features suggest that Sch A is genetically related to ore-related porphyries,but extensive interaction with carbonate surrounding rocks affects the final REE and Sr isotopic composition.Sch B shows dark(Sch B-I)and light(Sch B-II)domains under CL imaging.From Sch B-I to Sch B-II,LREEs are gradually depleted,with MREEs being gradually enriched.Sch C has the highest LREE/HREE ratio,which indicates that it inherited the geochemical characteristics of fluids after the precipitation of HREE-rich minerals,such as diopside and garnet,in the early prograde stage.The Mo content in Sch B and Sch C gradually decreased,indicating that the oxygen fugacity of the fluids changed from oxidative in the early stages to reductive in the later,the turbulent Eu anomaly in Sch B and Sch C indicating that the Eu anomaly in the Mamupu scheelite is not solely controlled by oxygen fugacity.The extensive interaction of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids and carbonate provides the necessary Ca^(2+)for the precipitation of scheelite in the Mamupu deposit.

Reduced magma generation and its implications for the Pulang giant porphyry Cu-polymetallic deposit in Northwest Yunnan,China

The Pulang giant porphyry Cu-Mo polymetallic deposit is located in the Zhongdian area in the center of the Sanjiang Tethys tectonic domain,which was formed by the westward subduction of the Garze-Litang oceanic slab beneath the Zhongza massif.Chalcopyrite-pyrrhotite-pyritemolybdenite occurs as disseminations,veins,veinlets,and stockworks distributed in the K-silicate alteration zone in the monzonite porphyry,which is superimposed by propylitization.The chemical compositions of biotite and amphibole analyzed by electron probe microanalysis(EPMA)indicate that the ore-forming magma and exsolved fluids experienced a continuous decrease in the oxygen fugacity(fO_(2)).Primary amphibolite and biotite(type I)crystallized at relatively high temperatures(744-827°C)and low fO_(2)(log fO_(2)=−12.26 to−11.91)during the magmatic stage.Hydrothermal fluids exsolved from the magma have a relatively lower temperature(621-711°C)and fO_(2)(log fO_(2)=−14.36 to−13.32)than the original magma.In addition,the presence of a high abundance of pyrrhotite and an insufficiency of primary magnetite and sulfate in the ore(i.e.,anhydrite and gypsum)indicate that the deposit may be a reduced porphyry deposit.Magma and fluid fO_(2)results,combined with previous research on magmatic fO_(2)at the Pulang deposit,indicate that the magma associated with the reduced Pulang ore assemblages was initially generated as a highly oxidized magma that was subsequently reduced by sedimentary rocks of the Tumugou Formation.

Cu-4Ag合金微细丝拉拔极限预测模型

采用三室真空冷型竖引连铸设备制备了Cu-4Ag合金铸态杆坯,并利用连续冷拉拔变形得到了不同线径的Cu-4Ag合金微细丝,通过拉拔实验获取了不同线径下材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度;基于线径与强度的关系,构建了微细丝拉拔极限预测模型。结果表明,在拉拔过程中,Cu-4Ag合金微细丝的线径与抗拉强度密切相关,具有明显的尺寸效应;修正后的拉拔极限模型能够较为准确地预测不同线径的Cu-4Ag合金微细丝能够达到的拉拔极限。将拉拔极限模型产出的数据导入MATLAB中,构建了三维曲面模型,可以更为直观地分析材料的拉拔极限。

冷变形及时效处理对Cu-0.3Zr-0.2Cr合金组织与性能的影响

采用真空熔炼法制备Cu-0.3Zr-0.2Cr合金,将其热锻后在900℃进行固溶处理,随后进行轧制量30%与60%的冷轧处理,之后再对合金进行(400~550℃,0~360 min)的时效处理;对时效处理后合金进行性能测试及显微组织观察。结果表明:固溶后的合金再经过60%的冷轧+450℃时效120 min后拥有较好的性能,硬度可达179HV,抗拉强度为467 MPa,导电率为88.5%IACS,伸长率为12.1%,此时合金主要存在Copper织构;在450℃时效360 min后合金的主要织构转变为Brass织构,织构的转变对合金的延展性有一定的影响;时效处理后,基体析出大量纳米尺寸的Cr相,这导致合金的强度与导电率大幅升高。

Zn含量对于Cu-Mn-Zn/ZrO_(2)催化剂CO_(2)加氢合成甲醇性能的影响研究

通过溶胶-凝胶方法制备了一系列不同Zn含量的Cu-Mn-Zn/ZrO_(2)催化剂,并通过XRD、BET、TPR、N_(2)O吸附、XPS、TPD和in-situ DRIFTS进行了表征。结果表明,随着Zn含量增加,催化剂上CO_(2)加氢反应的活性增加。在所有样品中,Cu_(3)MnZn_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)(CMZZ-0.5)在250℃和5 MPa条件下具有最高的CO_(2)转化率(6.5%)和甲醇选择性(73.7%)。表征结果表明,Zn进入Cu_(1.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)尖晶石结构,形成ZnOx,导致催化剂表面羟基含量的增加,同时增加了Cu0和Cu^(α+)的含量,改善了H_(2)和CO_(2)的活化能力。此外,通过原位漫反射红外光谱研究了CO_(2)转化为甲醇的途径。

Al/Ti对Cu-10Ni合金耐冲刷腐蚀性能的影响

研究微合金化对Cu-10Ni合金耐3.5%NaCl溶液冲刷腐蚀的影响。使用中频真空熔炼炉熔炼Cu-10Ni-1Fe-1Mn-X(X=0.2Al或0.2Ti)合金,使用相同的热处理及冷变形工艺制备样品后与Cu-10Ni合金一起进行冲刷腐蚀实验。通过扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)、 X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffractometer, XRD)、电化学腐蚀、电化学阻抗谱(electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,EIS)、X射线光电子能谱仪(X-ray photoelectron spectrometer,XPS)、质量损失测试等对样品进行分析表征。结果表明:加入0.2Al/0.2Ti后的Cu-10Ni合金的耐冲刷腐蚀能力得到提高。这是由于在Cu-10Ni-0.2Al合金及Cu-10Ni-0.2Ti合金表面耐腐蚀膜中分别含有Al_(2)O_(3)、TiO_(2),提高了样品的耐冲刷腐蚀能力;Cu-10Ni-0.2Ti合金耐冲刷腐蚀能力略强于Cu-10Ni-0.2Al合金的,这是因为Cu-10Ni-0.2Al合金在Cl^(-)富集的环境中易吸收Cl^(-),从而导致膜层有一定的裂纹。

Exhumation and Preservation of the Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE Deposit under the East Longshou Mountain Thermal Evolution,Revealed by Apatite Fission Track Thermochronology

Uplift and exhumation are important factors affecting the preservation of deposits.The anatomy of uplift-cooling evolution and exhumation in the East Longshou Mountain is of significant research value in understanding changes in the Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE deposit since its formation.This study uses apatite fission track(AFT)thermochronology to reconstruct the thermal history of the East Longshou Mountain,including the Jinchuan mine,revealing the uplift and exhumation history of the East Longshou Mountain and elucidating the preservation status of the Jinchuan deposit.The AFT ages in the East Longshou Mountain are distributed from 62.3±3.0 Ma to 214.7±14 Ma,with significant differences in ages in distinct areas,the central and pooled ages being consistent within the margin of error.Inverse thermal history models reveal two rapid cooling events associated with exhumation from the Early Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous(200–100 Ma)and since the Miocene(15–0 Ma),the former attributable to the far-afield response to the closure of the PaleoTethys Ocean and plate assembly at the southern margin of Eurasia,the latter associated with the initial India-Eurasia plate collision.A slow cooling event from the Early Cretaceous to the Miocene(100–15 Ma)is thought to be related to the arid environment in northwest China since the Cretaceous.These cooling events have diverse responses and cooling rates in different blocks of the East Longshou Mountain:the southwest and centre of which are mainly cooled over 200–120 Ma and 120–0 Ma,with cooling rates of~0.25 and~0.33°C/Ma(~1.25 and~0.33°C/Ma in the centre);the Jinchuan mine primarily cooled over 160–100 Ma,100–15 Ma and 15–0 Ma,with cooling rates of~1.33,~0.25 and~2.00°C/Ma.These differentiated coolings imply that the uplift of the East Longshou Mountain before the Miocene(~15 Ma)was integral.Strong uplift then occurred in the vicinity of the mining area,which is a critical period for the uplift of the Jinchuan deposit to the surface,meaning that the Jinchuan deposit was exposed no earlier than the Miocene(~15 Ma).Based on mineralization depth information obtained by previous researchers,in conjunction with the calculation and simulation results of this study,it can be seen that the bulk of the Jinchuan intrusion may still be preserved at depth.

冷轧变形对引线框架用Cu-Ni-Si合金硬度与导电性能的影响

对固溶态Cu-4.0Ni-0.5Si合金进行了不同变形量冷轧试验,采用维氏硬度计、涡流电导仪、SEM等研究了冷轧变形量对冷轧态、时效态Cu-Ni-Si合金的硬度、导电性及组织的影响。结果表明:经过冷轧变形后,Cu-4.0Ni-0.5Si合金的硬度得到明显提高,导电率有所下降。对不同变形量冷轧的合金进行450℃的时效处理,冷轧变形量越大,Cu-4.0Ni-0.5Si合金时效过程中合金元素析出越完全,合金的导电率越高,合金硬度达到峰值的时效时间就越短。80%冷轧+450℃×6 h时效的Cu-4.0Ni-0.5Si合金的导电率最高,为62.5%IACS。

Tumor deposits in axillary adipose tissue in patients with breast cancer:Do they matter?

Tumor deposits(TDs)are defined as discrete,irregular clusters of tumor cells lying in the soft tissue adjacent to but separate from the primary tumor,and are usually found in the lymphatic drainage area of the primary tumor.By definition,no residual lymph node structure should be identified in these tumor masses.At present,TDs are mainly reported in colorectal cancer,with a few reports in gastric cancer.There are very few reports on breast cancer(BC).For TDs,current dominant theories suggest that these are the result of lymph node metastasis of the tumor with complete destruction of the lymph nodes by the tumor tissue.Even some pathologists classify a TD as two lymph node metastases for calculation.Some pathologists also believe that TDs belong to the category of disseminated metastasis.Therefore,regardless of the origin,TDs are an indicator of poor prognosis.Moreover,for BC,sentinel lymph node biopsy is generally used at present.Whether radical axillary lymph node dissection should be adopted for BC with TDs in axillary lymph nodes is still inconclusive.The present commentary of this clinical issue has certain guiding significance.It is aimed to increase the awareness of the scientific community towards this under-recognized problem in BC pathology.

基于CAFE模拟Cu-3Ni-0.96Si-0.15Mg合金的铸锭凝固组织演变

采用ProCast软件中CAFE(元胞自动机有限元法)模型模拟计算了Cu-3Ni-0.96Si-0.15Mg铸锭凝固过程中枝晶生长组织演变过程,并将预测的凝固组织与实验微观组织进行了对比,验证了模型的准确性。结果表明,模拟预测的凝固组织与实验基本一致,说明该模型可以很好地模拟实际凝固组织。然后,利用此模型模拟研究了过热度以及形核密度对铸锭凝固组织的影响。结果表明:增大形核率以及适当降低浇注温度可以明显细化晶粒,提高等轴晶区的占比,当过热度为20℃,最大形核密度为1×10^(9)m^(-3)时,铸锭凝固组织几乎为等轴晶组织,其等轴晶区占比达到92.34%。

Structure of Cu-Phthalocyanine Vacuum Deposited on Inclined Glass Substrates

Cu-phthalocyanine is widely studied as a hole-transport layer in organic electronic devices. Since Cu-phthalocyanine is a molecular solid, the crystal structure depends on a circumstance to a great extent. Vacuum deposited layers were known to consist of two consecutive layers. In this article, Cu-phthalocyanine was deposited on the glass substrate inclined at several angles. The thickness of the first layer was found to be dependent on the substrate angle.

放电等离子烧结Cu-15Ni-8Sn/石墨自润滑复合材料摩擦磨损性能研究

以Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金为基体,石墨为润滑剂,采用放电等离子烧结技术制备了Cu-15Ni-8Sn/石墨自润滑复合材料.使用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和万能试验机研究了复合材料的微观组织、物相组成和室温力学性能,通过球-盘式摩擦试验机测试复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,利用三维轮廓仪测量材料磨损体积,借助扫描电子显微镜对磨痕形貌进行表征.结果表明:向Cu-15Ni-8Sn基体材料中添加石墨后,材料的硬度明显降低;随着石墨含量的提高,复合材料的抗压强度逐渐降低.当添加质量分数为3%的石墨时,Cu-15Ni-8Sn/石墨自润滑复合材料的耐磨性最好,磨损率最小为3.0×10^(-6)mm^(3)/(N·m),其磨损机理主要以磨粒磨损为主.

Geology and mineralization of the Duobaoshan supergiant porphyry Cu-Au-Mo-Ag deposit(2.36 Mt)in Heilongjiang Province,China:A review

The reserves of the Duobaoshan porphyry Cu-Au-Mo-Ag deposit(also referred to as the Duobaoshan porphyry Cu deposit)ranks first among the copper deposits in China and 33rd among the porphyry copper deposits in the world.It has proven resources of copper(Cu),molybdenum(Mo),gold(Au),and silver(Ag)of 2.28×10^(6)t,80×10^(3)t,73 t,and 1046 t,respectively.The major characteristics of the Duobaoshan porphyry Cu deposit are as follows.It is located in a zone sandwiched by the Siberian,North China,and paleo-Pacific plates in an island arc tectonic setting and was formed by the Paleozoic mineralization and the Mesozoic mineralization induced by superposition and transformation.The metallogenic porphyries are the Middle Hercynian granodiorite porphyries.The alterations of surrounding rocks are distributed in a ring form.With silicified porphyries at the center,the alteration zones of K-feldspar,biotite,sericite,and propylite occur from inside to outside.This deposit is composed of 215 ore bodies(including 14 major ore bodies)in four mineralized zones.Ore body No.X in the No.3 mineralized zone has the largest resource reserves,accounting for more than 78%of the total reserves of the deposit.Major ore components include Cu,Mo,Au,Ag,Se,and Ga,which have an average content of 0.46%,0.015%,0.16 g/t,1.22 g/t,0.0003%,and 0.001%-0.003%,respectively.The ore minerals of this deposit primarily include pyrite,chalcopyrite,bornite,and molybdenite,followed by magnetite,hematite,rutile,gelenite,and sphalerite.The ore-forming fluids of this deposit were magmatic water in the early metallogenic stage and then the mixture of meteoric water and magmatic water at the late metallogenic stage.The ore-forming fluids experienced three stages.The ore-forming fluids of stageⅠhad a hydrochemical type of H_(2)O-CO_(2)-Na Cl,an ore-forming temperature of 375-650℃,and ore-forming pressure of 110-160 MPa.The ore-forming fluids of stageⅡhad a hydrochemical type of H_(2)O-CO_(2)-Na Cl,an ore-forming temperature of 310-350℃,and ore-forming pressure of 58-80 MPa.The ore-forming fluids of stageⅢhad a hydrochemical type of Na Cl-H_(2)O,an ore-forming temperature of 210-290℃,and ore-forming pressure of 5-12 MPa.The CuAu-Mo-Ag mineralization mainly occurred at stagesⅠandⅡ,with the ore-forming materials having a mixed crust-mantle source.The Duobaoshan porphyry Cu deposit was formed in the initial subduction environment of the Paleo-Asian Ocean Plate during the Early Ordovician.Then,due to the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and the subduction and compression of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean,a composite orogenic metallogenic model of the deposit was formed.In other words,it is a porphyry-epithermal copper-gold polymetallic mineralization system of composite orogeny consisting of Paleozoic island arcs and Mesozoic orogeny and extension.

Petrogenesis and Physicochemical Conditions of Fertile Porphyry in Non-arc Porphyry Mineralization:A Case from Habo Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposits,SW China

The Habo deposit is a typical porphyry Cu-Mo deposit in the Ailaoshan–Red River metallogenic belt.Ore minerals in the Habo deposit typically occur as veins in the monzonite porphyry.Zircon U-Pb dating suggests that the monzonite porphyry formed at 35.07±0.38 Ma.The monzonite porphyry is characterized by high SiO_(2),Al_(2)O_(3),K_(2)O and Na_(2)O contents,with A/CNK ratios ranging from 0.97 to 1.02.All samples exhibit fractionated REE patterns,characterized by high(La/Yb)N ratios(9.4–13.6,average of 11.2).They show adakite-like geochemical features,high Sr concentrations(627–751 ppm,average of 700 ppm),low Y concentrations(15.13–16.86 ppm,average of 15.81 ppm)and high Sr/Y values(39.5–47.4,average of 44.3).These samples have high initial^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios(0.7074–0.7076)and negativeεNd(t)values(-5.1 to-3.7),whereas the zirconεHf(t)values range from-2.2 to+0.4,suggesting that the monzonite porphyry was derived from the partial melting of a thickened juvenile lower crust.The oxygen fugacity,calculated on the basis of the chemical composition of the amphiboles,shows?NNO values ranging from+1.65 to+2.16(average of 1.94)and lg(fO_(2))ranging from-12.72 to-11.99(average of-12.25),indicating that the monzonite porphyry has high oxygen fugacity.Zircons have high Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)ratios(29.29–164.24,average of 84.92),with high?FMQ values ranging from+0.50 to+1.51(average of 0.87)and high lg(fO_(2))values ranging from-14.72 to-12.85(average of-14.07),which also indicates that the oxygen fugacity of the magma was high.The dissolved water content of the Habo monzonite porphyry is 9.5–11.5 wt%,according to the geochemical characteristics,zircon-saturation thermometry(692–794°C)and the mineral phases(amphibole,no plagioclase)in the deep magma chamber.Combined with previous studies,we propose that the high oxygen fugacity and high water content of magma played key roles in controlling the formation of the Habo and other Cu-Mo-Au deposits in the Ailaoshan–Red River metallogenic belt.

Plastic deformation behavior of a Cu-10Ta alloy under strong impact loading

In this work,a Cu-10Ta alloy with a copper to tantalum mass ratio of 9:1 is prepared using powder metallurgy technology.Physical properties of the alloy,including density,microstructure,melting point,and constant-volume specific heat,are tested.Via the split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)and flyerplate impact experiments,the relationship between equivalent stress and equivalent plastic strain of the material is studied at temperatures of 298-823 K and under strain rates of 1×10^(-3)-5.2×10^(3)s^(-1),and the Hugoniot relationship at impact pressures of 1.46-17.25 GPa and impact velocities of 108-942 m/s is obtained.Evolution of the Cu-10Ta microstructure that occurs during high-strain-rate impact is analyzed.Results indicate that the Cu-10Ta alloy possesses good thermal stability,and at ambient temperatures of up to 50%its melting point,stress softening of less than 15%of the initial strength is observed.A modified J-C constitutive model is employed to accurately predict the variation of yield strength with strain rate.Under strong impact,the copper phase is identified as the primary source of plastic deformation in the Cu-10Ta alloy,while significant deformation of the high-strength tantalum particles is less pronounced.Furthermore,the longitudinal wave speed D is found to correlate linearly with the particle velocity u upon strong impact.Analysis reveals that the sound speed and spallation strength of the alloy increase with increasing impact pressure.

Discovery of scheelite in the Zaozigou gold deposit of West Qinling Orogen,Northwest China and its implications for ore genesis

1.Objective The West Qinling Orogen extends east-west over 1500 km and is endowed with dozens of large-super large scale gold deposits.The Zaozigou gold deposit has a proven reserve of 134 t with an average grade of 3.08 g/t thus is one of the largest deposits in the West Qinling Orogen.However,whether the fluid type is metamorphic or magmatichydrothermal and ore-formation processes of the Zaozigou gold deposit are equivocal.Scheelite is a ubiquitous accessory mineral in geologically diverse ore-deposit types and attested to be a strong indicator of ore-forming conditions and oredeposit genesis.

A potential giant gallium deposit hosted in the tailing dam of the Fankou Zn-Pb deposit in northern Guangdong Province, South China

1.Objective The Fankou giant zinc(Zn)-lead(Pb)deposit in Guangdong Province is well-known for its huge reserves of over 10 Mt(million ton)Zn+Pb metals and high ore-grade with Zn+Pb exceeding 15%(Guangdong Fankou Deposit Investigation Group,1980;Zhu XY et al.,2017).After 60 years of exploration and exploitation,the deposit has accumulated millions of tons of tailings.One interesting question is that what components are hosted in these tailings,and whether some key and critical metals such as gallium and germanium are extremely enriched and worth further comprehensive utilization.This motivated us to conduct an integrated set of field investigation,sampling,major-trace element analyses and reserve assessments about the Fankou tailings.In this contribution,we discover that the tailings contain a variety of metal elements such as zinc,lead and gallium with comprehensive utilization potential.These data can act as a scientific guidance for further exploration and utilization of the Fankou tailings,and aid to enhance the utilization efficiency of the key mineral resource in China.Our study also provide demonstration for future green mine construction in China.

Origin of the Yueguang gold deposit in Xinhua, Hunan Province, South China: insights from fl uid inclusion and hydrogen–oxygen stable isotope analysis

The Yueguang gold deposit is located in Fengjia,Xinhua County,Hunan Province,South China.It represents a recently discovered small-scale gold deposit situated in the southwestern region of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt,west of the Baimashan granitic batholith.In order to discern the characteristics of the ore-formingfluids,the underlying mineralization processes,and establish a foundation for the origin of the Yueguang gold depositfluid inclusion micro-thermometry,as well as quartz hydrogen and oxygen isotope analysis,have been carried out on samples obtained from various stages of mineralization.The hydrothermal miner-alization stages within the Yueguang gold deposit can be categorized into three stages:(i)the barren,pre-ore quartz-pyrite stage(Stage Ⅰ),the quartz-pyrite-gold stage(Stage Ⅱ),and the post-ore quartz-carbonate stage(Stage Ⅲ),with the second stage being the main mineralization stage.Thefluid inclusions identified in samples from the main min-eralization stage can predominantly be described with the NaCl–H_(2)O and CO_(2)–NaCl–H_(2)O systems.These inclusions display homogenization temperatures ranging from 158.8 to 334.9℃,and thefluid salinity ranges from 0.3%to 4.0%(wt.%NaCl equiv.).Laser Raman spectroscopy analysis of individual inclusions further reveals the presence of gas-phases such as CO_(2),CH_(4),and N_(2).Isotopic analysis indicatesδ^(18)Ofluid values ranging from 3.95 to 6.7‰ and δDH_(2)O values ranging from-71.9 to-55.7‰.These results indi-cate that the ore-formingfluid of the Yueguang gold deposit belongs to metamorphic hydrothermalfluids of middle-low temperature and low salinity.In the process of ore formation,gold is transported in the form of Au(HS)2-complexes,with gold deposition being driven byfluid immiscibility.Therefore,the Yueguang gold deposit is categorized as an orogenic gold deposit dominated by metamorphic hydrother-malfluid.It may become a new target for gold exploration in the Baimashan region,central Hunan Province.

Atomic layer deposition in advanced display technologies:from photoluminescence to encapsulation

Driven by the growing demand for next-generation displays,the development of advanced luminescent materials with exceptional photoelectric properties is rapidly accelerating,with such materials including quantum dots and phosphors,etc.Nevertheless,the primary challenge preventing the practical application of these luminescent materials lies in meeting the required durability standards.Atomic layer deposition(ALD)has,therefore,been employed to stabilize luminescent materials,and as a result,flexible display devices have been fabricated through material modification,surface and interface engineering,encapsulation,cross-scale manufacturing,and simulations.In addition,the appropriate equipment has been developed for both spatial ALD and fluidized ALD to satisfy the low-cost,high-efficiency,and high-reliability manufacturing requirements.This strategic approach establishes the groundwork for the development of ultra-stable luminescent materials,highly efficient light-emitting diodes(LEDs),and thin-film packaging.Ultimately,this significantly enhances their potential applicability in LED illumination and backlighted displays,marking a notable advancement in the display industry.

Geochemistry and depositional environment of fuchsite quartzites from Sargur Group,western Dharwar Craton,India

Meso-Neoarchean fuchsite quartzites are present in different stratigraphic positions of Dharwar Craton including the oldest(~3.3 Ga)Sargur Group of western Dharwar Craton.The present study deals with the petro-graphic and geochemical characteristics of the fuchsite quartzites from the Ghattihosahalli belt to evaluate their genesis,depositional setting and the enigma involved in the ancient sedimentation history.Their major mineral assemblages include quartz,fuchsite,and feldspars along with accessory kyanite and rutile.The geochemical com-positions are characterized by high SiO_(2),Al_(2)O_(3),low MgO,CaO,strongly enriched Cr(1326–6899 ppm),Ba(1165–3653 ppm),Sr(46–210 ppm),V(107–868 ppm)and Zn(11–158 ppm)contents compared to the upper continental crust(UCC).The UCC normalized rare earth element(REE)patterns are characterized by depleted light REE[(La/Sm)UCC=0.33–0.95]compared to heavy REE[(Gd/Yb)_(UCC)=0.42–1.65]with conspicuous positive Eu-anomalies(Eu/Eu^(*)=1.35–18.27)characteristic of hydrothermal solutions evidenced through the interlayered barites.The overall major and trace element systematics reflect a combined mafic-felsic provenance and suggest their deposition at a passive continental margin environ-ment.The comprehensivefield,petrographic,and geo-chemical studies indicate that these quartzites are infiltrated by Cr-richfluids released during high-grade metamorphism of associated ultramafic rocks.The Sargur and the subse-quent Dharwar orogeny amalgamated diverse lithounits from different tectonic settings,possibly leading to the release of Cr-richfluids and the formation of fuchsite quartzite during or after the orogeny.Thesefindings sug-gest a pre-existing stable crust prior to the Sargur Group and the link between orogenic events and various mineral deposits in the Dharwar Craton.