大变形Cu-10Ag原位纳米纤维复合材料

以不同的凝固速率制备了Cu-10Ag亚共晶合金。铸态结构由初生Ag沉淀,(Cu+Ag)共晶和Cu相组成。采用大变形制备了Cu-10Ag合金原位纤维复合材料。其中由初生Ag沉淀相所形成的Ag纤维具有较大直径(d)并可用幂指数关系d=C·exp(-0.228η)拟合,式中η是真实应变,C是与合金原始晶体尺寸有关的系数,而由(Cu+Ag)共晶中的Ag层所形成的Ag纤维具有更细直径(几纳米)。低温中间热处理可进一步细化Ag纤维尺寸和改进性能。经热机械处理的Cu-10Ag合金原位纳米纤维复合材料具有高强度(σb＞1.5 GPa)和高电导率(＞60％IACS)。大变形Cu-10Ag合金原位纳米纤维复合材料显示了两阶段强化效应。讨论了影响Ag纤维尺寸的因素和复合材料的强化与形变机制。

Effects of stabilizing heat treatment on microstructures and creep behavior of Zn-10Al-2Cu-0.02Ti alloy

The microstructures of as-extruded and stabilizing heat-treated Zn-10Al-2Cu-0.02Ti alloys were observed by scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction analysis techniques.The change in structure after heat treatment and its effects on room temperature creep behavior were investigated by creep experiments at constant stress and slow strain rate tensile tests.The results show that after stabilizing heat treatment（（350℃,30 min,water-cooling）＋（100℃,12 h,air-cooling））,the amount of α＋η lamellar structure decreases,while the amount of cellular and granular structure increases.The heat-treated Zn-10Al-2Cu-0.02Ti alloy exhibits better creep resistance than the as-extruded alloy,and the rate of steady state creep decreases by 96.9% after stabilizing heat treatment.

横向静磁场对Cu-10%Ag合金定向凝固组织的影响

在有无横向静磁场条件下进行了Cu-10%Ag(质量分数)合金定向凝固实验,研究了横向磁场对Cu-10%Ag合金的宏观组织和微观组织及硬度的影响。发现无磁场条件下,合金晶粒较长,尺寸粗大,初生Cu枝晶臂直径和间距较粗大,取向较好,共晶组织粗大;1T横向磁场条件下,晶粒细化、增多,枝晶臂直径和间距较小,取向消失,共晶组织细化,硬度提高。通过对比有无横向磁场条件下初生Cu枝晶以及共晶组织变化,讨论了横向磁场对初生Cu枝晶及共晶组织的影响机理。

Influence of Li addition on mechanical property and aging precipitation behavior of A1-3.5Cu-1.5Mg alloy

The influence of Li addition on mechanical property and aging precipitation behavior of Al-3.5Cu-1.5Mg alloy was investigated by tensile test,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM） and high resolution transmission electron microscopy（HRTEM）.The results show that the tensile strength can be significantly improved with the slightly decreased ductility and the form of fracture morphology is converted from ductile fracture into ductile/britde mixed fracture by adding 1.0%Li.Besides,the peak aging time at 185 ℃ is delayed from 12 to 24 h and the main precipitation phase S（Al2CuMg） is converted into S＇（Al2CuMg）＋δ（Al3Li）,while the formation of S＇（Al2CuMg） is delayed.

时效处理对形变Cu-10Fe-3Ag组织及性能的影响

研究时效处理对形变Cu-10Fe-3Ag复合材料组织和性能的影响,分析合金元素Ag在时效过程中的行为规律和作用机制。结果表明,Ag能够促进γ-Fe在Cu基体中的时效析出,同时也降低了Fe纤维的热稳定性;随着时效温度的升高,形变Cu-10Fe-3Ag复合材料的硬度和导电率都是先增加后降低,在475℃时效6h,导电率达到58.4%IACS。合金的断口均为韧性断裂,随着时效温度的升高,韧窝有变小的趋势,合金的塑性变好。

时效处理对形变Cu-10Fe-3Ag原位复合材料组织及性能的影响

采用大气熔炼与形变原位复合的方法制备形变Cu-10Fe-3Ag原位复合材料。在不同温度时效6 h后,用SEM观察分析材料的显微组织;用XRD测定晶面间距的变化,分析合金元素Ag在时效过程中的行为规律和作用机制。结果表明:Ag能够促进γ-Fe在Cu基体中的时效析出,同时降低Fe纤维的热稳定性;随着时效温度的升高,形变Cu-10Fe-3Ag复合材料的硬度和导电率都是先增加后降低,在475℃时效6 h后,导电率达到58.4%IACS。合金的断口全是韧性断裂,随着时效温度的升高,韧窝变小。

Effect of ageing time on corrosion behavior of Mg-10Gd-4.8Y-0.6Zr extruded-alloy

The corrosion behaviors of Mg-10Gd-4.8Y-0.6Zr extruded-alloys with various ageing time were investigated by immersion test and electrochemical measurements.The results show that the corrosion rate of the experimental alloy decreases with the increase of ageing time from 0 to 108 h.The corrosion resistance of the experimental alloy was found to increase with the increase of the size of the precipitate phases.The open circuit potential of the experimental alloy increases with the increase of the ageing time.The potentiodynamic polarization curves show that the cathodic over-potential increases with the increase of ageing time,leading to a decrease in the current density of anodic current plateau with the increase of ageing time.

Age-hardening behavior and microstructure of Cu-15Ni-8Sn-0.3Nb alloy prepared by powder metallurgy and hot extrusion

Cu-15Ni-8Sn-0.3Nb alloy rods were prepared by means of powder metallurgy followed by hot extrusion.Element maps obtained by electron probe micro analyzer(EPMA)showed that Nb-rich phases were formed and distributed within grains and at grain boundaries of the Cu-15Ni-8Sn-0.3Nb alloy.Transmission electron microscope(TEM)results indicated that there was no obvious orientation relationship between these phases and the matrix.Spinodal decomposition and ordering transformation appeared at early stages of aging at400°C and caused significant strengthening.Cu-15Ni-8Sn-0.3Nb alloy exhibited both higher strength(ultimate tensile strength>1030MPa)and higher tensile ductility(elongation>9.1%)than Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy after aging treatment.The improvement was caused by Nb-rich phases at grain boundaries which led o the refinement of grain size and postponed the growth of discontinuous precipitates during aging.

形变Cu-10%Cr-3%Ag原位复合材料研究

对形变Cu-10%Cr-3%Ag原位复合材料形貌、强度和导电性进行了研究.用扫描电镜观察发现,Cr相在形变过程中由铸态的树枝晶变形成为纤维,横截面呈弯曲状薄片,形变量越大,纤维越均匀细密.力学性能和电阻率测试结果发现,随形变量增加,强度提高,电阻率增大.中间热处理对强度和导电性均有影响,在形变量一致的情况下,中间热处理温度太高太低都会使得强度和导电性性能降低.随中间热处理温度的升高,电阻率先减小后增加,强度较小地先增加后减小,只经过一次中间热处理的材料在500℃时,性能组合最佳.几个较好的电导率和极限抗拉强度组合为:82.8%IACS/791 MPa(Φ1 mm、B工艺)、80.6%IACS/809MPa(Φ1 mm、A工艺)和80.2%IACS/731MPa(Φ1.2 9 mm、A工艺),7 8.4%IACS/9 5 0 M Pa(Φ1 mm、C工艺).

Ageing behavior of Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy prepared by mechanical alloying

The ageing behavior of the mechanically alloyed Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy has been studied. Compared with the alloys prepared by casting and rapid solidification, the modulation structure developed during ageing process of those prepared by mechanical alloying is finer and much more uniform, which leads to a higher peak hardness. However, their spinodal decomposition temperature are almost the same. Cold deformation prior to ageing not only accelerates the ageing process but also increases the peak hardness of the alloy.

MICROSTRUCTURE OF MARTENSITE IN Cu-14Al-4Ni ALLOY AGED FOR A PROLONGED TIME AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

The microstrueture in shape memory alloy Cu—14Al—4Ni aged for two years at room temper- ature has been studied,and the substructure slow change has been observed.The domains of highly ordered phase and the transition regions appear at grain boundaries,the twin bounda- ries damage.Furthermore,the microstructure also gives the appearance and growth of antiphase domains like rectangular network.The long period antiphuse boundary structures and the antiphase domains have bee.observed first at the single diffracted vector .The con- centration gradient of solute atom Al has heen found from the matrixes to the grain bounda- ries,the matrixe is poor in Al and the grain boundaries are rich in Al.

Effect of Additive Cu-10Sn Alloy on Sintering Behavior of Elemental Powders in Composition of 465 Stainless Steel

The addition of Cu-10Sn alloy for developing the high strength 465 maraging stainless steel from elemental powders was studied. The sintering parameters investigated include the sintering temperature, the sintering time, and the mass percent of Cu-10Sn. For vacuum sintering, effective sintering occurs at temperature between 1 250 ℃ and 1 300 ℃. The maximum sintered density was achieved at 1 300 ℃ for 60 min with 3% （in mass percent） Cu- 10Sn alloy. More than 3% （in mass percent） Cu-10Sn content and temperature above 1 300 ℃ caused slumping of the samples. A maximum density of 7.4 g/cm^3 was achieved with 3% （in mass percent） Cu-10Sn content at a sintering temperature of 1 300 ＂C for 60 rain. A maximum ultimate tensile strength （UTS） of 517 MPa was achieved with 3% （in mass percent） Cu-10Sn content. With content higher than 2% （in mass percent） Cu-10Sn, a maximum increase in the density was observed. The fracture morphologies of the sintered samples are also reported.

Ag掺杂Mo-12Si-8.5B合金在25~600℃的摩擦学行为

本文中采用放电等离子烧结法制备了Mo-12Si-8.5B和Mo-12Si-8.5B-10%Ag这2种合金,通过高温真空摩擦磨损试验仪测试了2种合金与Al_(2)O_(3)摩擦副在25~600℃间的干摩擦学性能.结果表明:与Mo-12Si-8.5B合金相比,在25~600℃区间Mo-12Si-8.5B-10%Ag合金表现出更低的摩擦系数和磨损率.在600℃时,Mo-12Si-8.5B-10%Ag合金的摩擦系数和磨损率均可达到最小值,其值分别为0.41和1.14×10^(-5)mm^(3)/(N·m),此时Mo-12Si-8.5B-10%Ag合金的干摩擦性能表现最佳,这与Mo-12Si-8.5B-10%Ag合金磨损表面的MoO_(3)、SiO_(2)和Ag_(2)MoO_(4)等润滑相的存在及Ag在25~600℃范围内起到的润滑效果有关.此外,在25~200℃区间,Mo-12Si-8.5B-10%Ag合金的磨损机制主要为黏着磨损和剥层磨损,在400~600℃范围内,则以黏着磨损和氧化磨损为主.

Mg69Ni15Gd10Ag6非晶合金对甲基紫的光催化降解性能

为研究Mg69Ni15Gd10Ag6非晶合金对甲基紫染料的光催化降解性能的影响,采用紫外-可见光谱法测定光催化降解过程中甲基紫染料的浓度变化,采用XRD和SEM分析晶体合金与非晶合金在光催化降解反应前后的结构和微观形貌的变化。结果表明:与晶体合金对甲基紫染料的光催化降解效果相比,非晶合金具有稳定、高效的特点。非晶合金在降解10 min时就达到97.6%的光催化降解率,并且在30 min时达到99.1%的光催化降解率;而晶体合金在10 min时仅能达到63.3%的光催化降解率,在光催化降解时间为30 min时,仅达到74.5%的光催化降解率。Mg69Ni15Gd10Ag6非晶合金对甲基紫染料的光催化降解过程为:中心碳原子发生羟基化反应,C=C键断裂生成二苯甲酮。

Effect of T6-treatments on microstructure and mechanical properties of forged Al-4.4Cu-0.7Mg-0.6Si alloy

Transmission electron microscopy(TEM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),hardness tests and tensile tests were performed to investigate the effect of aging on microstructure and mechanical properties of forged Al-4.4Cu-0.7Mg-0.6Si alloy.The results show that the alloy exhibits splendid mechanical properties with an ultimate tensile strength of504MPa and an elongation of10.1%after aging at170°C for16h.With tensile testing temperature increasing to150°C,the strength of the alloy declines slightly to483MPa.Then,the strength drops quickly when temperature reaches over200°C.The high strength of the alloy in peak-aged condition is caused by a considerable amount ofθ'and AlMgSiCu(Q)precipitates.The relatively stable mechanical properties tested below150°C are mainly ascribed to the stability ofθ'precipitates.The growth ofθ'and Q precipitates and the generation ofθphase lead to a rapid drop of the strength when temperature is over150°C.

Improved continuous precipitation kinetics and tensile properties of extruded AZ80 alloy through {10-12} twin formation

This study investigates the effect of{10-12}deformation twins on the continuous precipitation behavior of an extruded Mg-8.0Al-0.5Zn-0.2Mn(AZ80)alloy during aging.The extruded AZ80 alloy is compressed along the transverse direction to introduce{10-12}twins,followed by an aging treatment at 300℃.The extruded material exhibits a twin-free microstructure with low internal strain energy,whereas the pre-twinned material possesses abundant{10-12}twins and has high internal strain energy.The aging results reveal that the peak-aging time of the pre-twinned material(1 h)is one-eighth of that of the extruded material(8 h).Although Mg_(17)Al_(12)continuous precipitates(CPs)are observed in both the peak-aged materials,these CPs are much smaller and more densely distributed in the pre-twinned material despite the significantly shorter aging time.The CPs size in the peak-aged materials increases in the following order:twinned region in the pre-twinned material(0.47μm)<residual matrix region in the pre-twinned material(1.71μm)<matrix region in the extruded material(2.55μm).Moreover,the CPs number density in the twinned region of the pre-twinned material is approximately 11 times higher than that in the matrix region of the extruded material.The peak-aged pre-twinned material exhibits significantly higher tensile strength and ductility than the peak-aged extruded material.These results demonstrate that the formation of{10-12}twins in the extruded AZ80 alloy substantially accelerates the static precipitation of CPs during aging at 300℃and improves the tensile properties of the peak-aged material.

Effects of strain rates on dynamic deformation behavior of Cu-20Ag alloy

Copper alloy is widely used in high-speed railway,aerospace and other fields due to its excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical properties.High speed deformation and dynamic loading under impact load is a complex service condition,which widely exists in the field of national defense,military and industrial application.Therefore,the dynamic deformation behavior of the Cu-20Ag alloy was investigated by Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB)with the strain rates of 1000-25000 s^(-1),high-speed hydraulic servo material testing machine with the strain rates of 1-500 s^(-1).The effect of strain rate on flow stress and adiabatic shear sensitivity was analyzed.The results show that the increase of strain rate will increase the flow stress and critical strain,that is to say,the increase of strain rate will reduce the adiabatic shear sensitivity of the Cu-20Ag alloy.The Cu-Ag interface has obvious orientation relationship with;(111)_(Cu)//(111)_(Ag):(^(-)111)_(Cu)//(^(-)111)_(Ag):(^(-)200)_(Cu)//(^(-)200)_(Ag) and [0^(-)11]_(Cu)//[0^(-)11]_(Ag) with the increase of strain rate.The increase of strain rate promotes the precipitation of Ag and increases the number of interfaces in the microstructure,which hinders the movement of dislocations and improves the stress and yield strength of the Cu-20Ag alloy.The concentration and distribution density of dislocations and the precipitation of Ag were the main reasons improve the flow stress and yield strength of the Cu-20Ag alloy.

Effects of direct aging treatment on microstructure,mechanical properties and residual stress of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg alloy

Direct aging treatment is an important post-processing procedure,yet little research has been done on how it balances the mechanical properties and the stress removal for selective laser melted(SLMed)AlSi10Mg alloys.Here,we proposed a typical direct aging treatment on SLMed AlSi10Mg alloys,and studied the effects on their microstructure,properties and residual stress evolution.The results indi-cate that the as-built microstructure is mainly composed of fine cellularα-Al and reticulated Si phases,and some pre-existing precipitates and dislocations are found in these cells.The direct aging treatment promotes the precipitation of nano-scaled Si phases and preserves a network-like Si structure.Therefore,the strength of the peak-aged alloy increases while the ductility decreases.As the aging temperature in-creases from 160 to 200℃,aging hardening behavior was accelerated significantly.Aging at 160℃ for 4-9 h removes 32.0%-43.0%of the residual stress,which is attributed to the decomposition of the su-persaturatedα-Al matrix,the precipitation of the nano-Si phase and the exposure of low-angle grain boundaries(LAGBs).Considering the overal alloy performance obtained,over-aging at 160℃ for 4 h is the optimized heat treatment regime.Under this condition,the yield strength(YS),ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and elongation(EL)of the alloy in the transverse and longitudinal direction are 309.5 MPa,464.4 MPa and 8.3%and 286.4 MPa,464.9 MPa and 5.1%,respectively.

Precipitation Behavior of Cu-1.9Be-0.3Ni-0.15Co Alloy During Aging

In this paper,the evolutions of microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-l.9Be-0.3Ni-0.15Co alloy were studied.The alloys in the condition of the solution treated（soft state） and 37% cold rolled（hard state） were aged at 320 ℃for different time,respectively.The mechanical properties,electrical conductivity and microstructure of the alloy aged for different time were analyzed.Additionally,the precipitation kinetics of Cu-1.9Be-0.3Ni-0.15Co alloys was investigated.X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy results reveal that both continuous precipitation and discontinuous precipitation existed in the hard-state Cu-l.9Be-0.3Ni-0.15Co alloy during the whole aging process;the sequence of continuous precipitation is G.P.zone →γ″→γ′→γ.Furthermore,the precipitation transformation mechanism of softstate alloy is homogeneous nucleation,while hard-state alloy shows the heterogeneous nucleation（interface nucleation）with the nucleation rate of both states decaying rapidly to zero during aging at 320 ℃.

Corrosion behavior of Ce-doped Ni-10Cu-11Fe-6Al(wt%) inert anode in molten CaCl_2 salt

In this research the effect of cerium dopingon corrosion behavior of Ni-10 Cu-11 Fe-6 Al(wt%) alloy as a novel inert anode in titanium electrolytic production was investigated. The samples, including un-doped and Ce-doped nickel-based alloys, were prepared using vacuum induction melting(VIM) process and then exposed to the electrolysis in molten calcium chloride at 900C at à1.6 V versus graphite reference electrode for different immersion time. The surface and cross-section of the samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and their electrochemical behavior was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The results show that the un-doped samples have greater number of voids and porosities as compared to that of the 0.0064 wt% Ce-doped samples(as the optimum content of cerium in the alloy). Thus, the nickel-based alloy becomes less sensitive to the pitting by addition of cerium. The corrosion penetration depth reaches about 244 mm after 16 h of electrolysis in the un-doped sample, while was approximately 103 mm for the 0.0064 wt% Ce-doped sample, which is an indication that the corrosion penetration depth decreases by adding small amounts of Ce.