Influence of layer thickness on formation quality,microstructure,mechanical properties,and corrosion resistance of WE43 magnesium alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion

Laser powder bed fusion(L-PBF)of Mg alloys has provided tremendous opportunities for customized production of aeronautical and medical parts.Layer thickness(LT)is of great significance to the L-PBF process but has not been studied for Mg alloys.In this study,WE43 Mg alloy bulk cubes,porous scaffolds,and thin walls with layer thicknesses of 10,20,30,and 40μm were fabricated.The required laser energy input increased with increasing layer thickness and was different for the bulk cubes and porous scaffolds.Porosity tended to occur at the connection joints in porous scaffolds for LT40 and could be eliminated by reducing the laser energy input.For thin wall parts,a large overhang angle or a small wall thickness resulted in porosity when a large layer thicknesses was used,and the porosity disappeared by reducing the layer thickness or laser energy input.A deeper keyhole penetration was found in all occasions with porosity,explaining the influence of layer thickness,geometrical structure,and laser energy input on the porosity.All the samples achieved a high fusion quality with a relative density of over 99.5%using the optimized laser energy input.The increased layer thickness resulted to more precipitation phases,finer grain sizes and decreased grain texture.With the similar high fusion quality,the tensile strength and elongation of bulk samples were significantly improved from 257 MPa and 1.41%with the 10μm layer to 287 MPa and 15.12%with the 40μm layer,in accordance with the microstructural change.The effect of layer thickness on the compressive properties of porous scaffolds was limited.However,the corrosion rate of bulk samples accelerated with increasing the layer thickness,mainly attributed to the increased number of precipitation phases.

Greatly enhanced corrosion/wear resistances of epoxy coating for Mg alloy through a synergistic effect between functionalized graphene and insulated blocking layer

The poor corrosion and wear resistances of Mg alloys seriously limit their potential applications in various industries.The conventional epoxy coating easily forms many intrinsic defects during the solidification process,which cannot provide sufficient protection.In the current study,we design a double-layer epoxy composite coating on Mg alloy with enhanced anti-corrosion/wear properties,via the spin-assisted assembly technique.The outer layer is functionalized graphene(FG)in waterborne epoxy resin(WEP)and the inner layer is Ce-based conversion(Ce)film.The FG sheets can be homogeneously dispersed within the epoxy matrix to fill the intrinsic defects and improve the barrier capability.The Ce film connects the outer layer with the substrate,showing the transition effect.The corrosion rate of Ce/WEP/FG composite coating is 2131 times lower than that of bare Mg alloy,and the wear rate is decreased by~90%.The improved corrosion resistance is attributed to the labyrinth effect(hindering the penetration of corrosive medium)and the obstruction of galvanic coupling behavior.The synergistic effect derived from the FG sheet and blocking layer exhibits great potential in realizing the improvement of multi-functional integration,which will open up a new avenue for the development of novel composite protection coatings of Mg alloys.

Effects of Alloying Elements on Microstructure and Erosion Resistance of Fe-C-Cr Weld Surfacing Layer

Effects of alloying elements on microstructure and erosion resistance of Fe-C-Cr weld surfacing layer have been studied. The experimental results show that increasing C and Cr content favors improving the erosion resistance of the layer, and the excessive C and Cr result in decreasing the erosion resistance at 90 deg. erosion. That Mo, Nb or Ti improves the erosion resistance of Fe-C-Cr weld surfacing layer is mainly attributed to increasing the amount of M7C3 and forming fine NbC or TiC in austenite matrix, but the excessive Mo, Nb or Ti is unfavorable. The addition of Mo, Nb and Ti in proper combination possesses stronger effect on improving the erosion resistance and the erosion resistance (εA) of Fe-C-Cr weld surfacing layer with fine NbC, TiC and M7C3 distributing uniformly in austenite matrix obviously increases to 2.81 at 15 deg. erosion and 2.88 at 90 deg. erosion when the layer composition is 3.05C, 20.58Cr, 1.88Mo, 2.00Nb and 1.05Ti (in wt pct).

Tempering Stability of Fe-Base Hardfacing Layer Containing RE and Multiple Alloying

After tempering treatment at different conditions, the tempering stability of Fe-base hardfacing layer containing RE and multiple alloying was investigated. The results show that after heat preservation at 560 ℃ and tempering for 4 h the hardness value of Fe-base hardfacing layer containing RE and multiple alloying can reach HRC57; By repeatedly heating circle 700 ℃17 ℃ for 150 times, the hardness value of Fe-base hardfacing layer can reach HRC43, tempering stability is higher and causes the secondary hardening phenomenon. Reasons for higher tempering stability of Fe-base hardfacing layer were analyzed by means of metallographic, XRD, TEM and EDS.

Design of self-healing PEO-based protective layers containing in-situ grown LDH loaded with inhibitor on the MA8 magnesium alloy

The high corrosion rate of magnesium and its alloys in chloride-containing solution significantly reduces the potential of this material for diverse applications.Therefore,the formation of a smart protective coating was achieved in this work to prevent degradation of the MA8 magnesium alloy.A porous ceramic-like matrix was obtained on the material by plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO).Further surface functionalization was performed using layered double hydroxides(LDH) served as nanocontainers for the corrosion inhibitor.Several methods of LDH intercalation with benzotriazole(BTA) were proposed.The composition and morphology of the formed coating were studied using SEM-EDX analysis,XRD,XPS,and Raman microspectroscopy.The corrosion behavior of the coated samples was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization.The corrosion rate was estimated using volumetry and gravimetry methods.The formed composite coating provides the Mg alloy with the lowest corrosion activity(|Z|_(f)=0.1 Hz)=8.48·10^(5) Ω·cm^(2),I_(c)=1.4·10^(-8)A/cm^(2),P_(H)=0.21 mm/year) and improves the protective properties of the PEO-coated sample(|Z|_(f)=0.1 Hz)=8.37·10^(3) Ω·cm^(2),I_(c)=4.1·10^(-7)A/cm^(2),P_(H)=0.31 mm/year).The realization of the self-healing effect of the inhibitor-containing LDH/PEO-coated system was studied using localized electrochemical methods(SVET and SIET) with two artificial defects on the surface.A mechanism involving three stages for the active corrosion protection of the alloy was proposed.These findings contribute to the follow-up work of developing modified LDH/PEO-based structures that promote the Mg alloy with high corrosion resistance,superior electrochemical performance for applications in various fields of industry and medicine.

Nano silica aerogel-induced formation of an organic/alloy biphasic interfacial layer enables construction of stable high-energy lithium metal batteries

Lithium metal batteries represent promising candidates for high-energy-density batteries, however, many challenges must still be overcome,e.g., interface instability and dendrite growth. In this work, nano silica aerogel was employed to generate a hybrid film with high lithium ion conductivity(0.6 mS cm^(-1)at room temperature) via an in situ crosslinking reaction. TOF-SIMS profile analysis has revealed conversion mechanism of hybrid film to Li–Si alloy/Li F biphasic interface layer, suggesting that the Li–Si alloy and Li F-rich interface layer promoted rapid Li+transport and shielded the Li anodes from corrosive reactions with electrolyte-derived products. When coupled with nickel-cobalt-manganese-based cathodes, the batteries achieve outstanding capacity retention over 1000 cycles at 1 C. Additionally the developed film coated on Li enabled high coulombic efficiency(99.5%) after long-term cycling when coupled with S cathodes. Overall, the results presented herein confirm an effective strategy for the development of high-energy batteries.

Mg alloy surface alloying layer fabricated through evaporative pattern casting technology

The influencing factors of surface alloying layer by evaporative pattern casting technology were investigated.A certain thickness alloying layer was formed on the surface of Mg-alloy matrix when the pouring temperature was 780°C with different vacuum degree and alloying powder size.The surface layer microstructure,micro area composition of the new phase formed on the matrix and the composition characteristics on the surface layer were examined by SEM and element scanning.The results show that the content of aluminum increases greatly on the surface layer.The micro-hardness of alloyed layer has a more obvious increase compared with that of the matrix.The size of alloying element and the vacuum degree are the key factors influencing the alloying layer,with the increase of element powder size from 0.074 to 0.15 mm and vacuum degree from 0.04 to 0.06 MPa,the surface alloying effect becomes better.

Self-assembly of coumarin molecules on plasma electrolyzed layer for optimizing the electrochemical performance of AZ31 Mg alloy

A novel inorganic-organic layer with outstanding corrosion resistance in a 3.5wt.% NaCl solution was fabricated by taking advantage of the unique interactions between coumarin (COM) molecules and the porous layer formed on Mg alloy. To achieve this aim, the AZ31 Mg alloy coated via microarc oxidation (MAO) coating was placed in an ethanolic solution of COM for 6 and 12 h at 25 ℃. By reducing the surface area exposed to the corrosive species, the donor-acceptor complexes produced by the particular interactions between the COM and MAO surface would successfully prevent the corrosion of Mg alloy substrate. The MAO layer would provide the ideal sites for the charge-transfer-induced physical and chemical locking, leading to uneven organic layer nucleation and crystal growth with a thatch-like structure. To evaluate the formation mechanism of such hybrid composites and highlight the key bonding modes between the COM and MAO, theoretical simulations were conducted.

Advances in Mg-Al-layered double hydroxide steam coatings on Mg alloys:A review

Layered double hydroxide(LDH)coatings on magnesium(Mg)alloys shine brightly in the field of corrosion protection because of their special ion-exchange function.State-of-the-art steam coating as a type of LDH film preparation technique has emerged in recent years because only pure water is required as the steam source and its environmentally friendly LDH coating fits the current need for green development.Moreover,this coating can effectively inhibit the corrosion of the Mg alloy substrate due to the chemical bonding between the coating and the Mg alloy substrate.This review systematically explains cutting-edge advancements in the growth mechanism and corrosion behavior of LDH steam coatings,and analyzes the advantages and limitations of the steam-coating method.The influencing factors including pressure,CO_(2)/CO_(3)^(2-),aluminum content of the substrate alloy,solution type,and acid-pickling pretreatment,as well as the post-treatment of steam-coating defects,are comprehensively elucidated,providing new insights into the development of the in situ steam-coating technique.Finally,existing issues and future prospects are discussed to further accelerate the widespread application of Mg alloys.

身管材料的高温氧化行为

随着对火力打击要求的提高、大威力火炮的发展、身管材料的高温氧化日益严重,严重影响武器性能的发挥,甚至导致武器报废。但目前对身管材料的抗氧化性能研究较少。针对3种身管材料PCrNi3MoVA钢、30SiMn2MoVA钢和MPS700钢,研究其在600℃空气条件下的抗氧化性能和氧化机理。通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱和X射线衍射仪分析了氧化层的截面形貌和物相,分析其氧化动力学行为。研究结果表明:随着氧化时间增加,3种钢的氧化膜厚度逐渐增厚,厚度增加率逐渐降低,3种身管钢的氧化动力学曲线都符合氧化膜抛物线生长动力学规律;在600℃高温下,PCrNi3MoVA钢中的内氧化层形成了具有网络结构的粘附层,该网络结构主要由富含Ni和Cr的尖晶石氧化物组成,而该粘附层并不能成为防止氧化的屏障;30SiMn2MoVA钢氧化层的内层为Si氧化物的多孔聚集区,结构较为松散,氧化物剥落较为严重;MPS700钢的内氧化层形成了富含Cr的保护性氧化层,有效的阻碍了氧化的继续进行;同时,Mo稳定了氧化膜,间接提高了抗氧化性;综合对比,由于Cr、Mo等合金元素的综合作用,在高温工况下MPS700钢比PCrNi3MoVA钢和30SiMn2MoVA钢能够更好地形成致密的氧化层,从而可降低基体的高温氧化和磨损程度,更有适用于制备长寿命、高可靠性身管材料。

激光清洗时氟碳铝粉漆层表面粗糙度的分析及其对激光吸收的影响

激光清洗2024铝合金飞机蒙皮表面漆层过程中,粗糙表面的形成与演化会对漆层与激光的热交互作用及漆层去除机理产生较大的影响.1 064 nm脉冲激光逐层除漆过程中,分析了漆层表面形貌与粗糙程度的变化,研究了粗糙表面的产生机理及其演化规律,并通过建立漆层粗糙表面等效分析模型计算分析了漆层粗糙表面对激光吸收率的影响规律.结果表明,激光除漆过程中不同的去除机理作用后漆层均会出现粗糙表面,且粗糙表面的演化存在一定的规律;逐层除漆时,漆层粗糙表面对激光吸收率有明显增加作用,在激光作用7次后漆层粗糙表面对激光的吸收率增加了32.8%,如果采用固定的初始激光清洗工艺,会因吸收率增大导致铝合金基材产生损伤行为.

钛合金摩擦磨损性能及减磨方法研究进展

钛合金具有比强度高、抗腐蚀性强、耐高温以及生物相容性好等优点,在汽车制造、生物医疗等众多领域具有重要应用。但钛合金的摩擦磨损性能较差,会影响机械系统的使用寿命和可靠性。首先论述了摩擦磨损过程中摩擦层的形成过程以及摩擦层对钛合金磨损机理的作用,分析了润滑条件、环境温度、滑动速度、载荷等工况条件对钛合金摩擦磨损性能的影响规律。其次,对比总结了钛合金减磨的常见工艺方法及优缺点,指出了当前钛合金磨损机理研究和性能改善方面存在的问题。最后,对今后的研究工作进行了展望:将实验与仿真相结合,阐明钛合金摩擦层和磨损机理的动态变化规律;考虑各种环境因素对钛合金磨损机理的影响,完善钛合金磨损机制图;通过对多种技术协同配合时的工艺参数进行优化,促进钛合金表面强化复合技术的发展,从而提升钛合金的耐磨减摩性能。

钛合金整体叶轮高效加工工艺研究

针对钛合金整体叶轮形状复杂、叶片长而薄以及钛合金难加工的特点,采用“3+2”定轴法开粗和分层法加工叶轮,以达到提高加工效率、加工质量以及降低加工成本的目的。

层状复合钛合金增材制造研究进展及发展趋势

层状复合钛合金是由不同种钛合金制成的、成分和组织性能逐层变化的先进材料,能够发挥多种钛合金的性能。层状复合金属的结构设计是保证成形性能和满足服役需求的前提。增材制造相比传统制造技术,具有设计灵活便捷、试制周期短、可成形复杂结构等优势,在层状复合钛合金研制领域应用广泛。本文介绍了层状金属直接过渡、成分过渡和阻挡层过渡结构设计方法,综述了几种增材技术研制层状复合钛合金,包括激光定向能量沉积、电弧熔丝增材制造和电子束熔丝增材制造的研究进展。围绕过渡区组织性能优化、热处理制度建立、残余应力控制和失效机制判据等方面,展望增材制造层状复合钛合金未来的发展方向。

草酸预处理AM50镁合金表面快速原位制备 蒸汽Mg−Al LDH涂层的耐蚀性

通过暴露合金表面的金属间化合物(β-Mg17Al12和AlMn),研究草酸(OA)酸洗对AM50镁合金表面原位蒸汽Mg−Al层状双氢氧化物(LDH)涂层成膜机制和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,OA预处理使镁合金表面金属间化合物比例显著增加,Mg−Al LDH在Al−Mn相周围成核并生长。当酸洗时间为45 s时,所得LDH涂层的厚度最大、耐蚀性最佳,与基体相比,其腐蚀电流密度降低3个数量级。最后,提出了AM50镁合金表面Mg−Al LDH涂层的成膜机制。

添加Al(NO_(3))_(3)对镁合金表面水滑石蒸汽涂层耐蚀性能的影响

目的研究原位蒸汽法制备层状双金属氢氧化物(LDH)的反应机理,以及添加Al(NO_(3))_(3)对AZ91D镁合金表面水滑石蒸汽涂层耐蚀性的影响和耐蚀机理。方法在蒸汽源中添加不同浓度的Al(NO_(3))_(3),以提供Al3+,采用原位蒸汽法在150℃下进行5 h水热反应,在AZ91D镁合金表面制备水滑石蒸汽涂层。使用XRD、FT-IR、SEM、EDS等测试手段对水滑石蒸汽涂层进行表征,通过动电位极化、电化学阻抗和盐雾试验,研究水滑石蒸汽涂层的生长机理及腐蚀机理。结果基于不同浓度梯度的Al(NO_(3))_(3),在AZ91D镁合金表面成功制备了水滑石蒸汽涂层,涂层的主要组成物相为Mg(OH)_(2)、Mg-Al-NO_(3)LDH、Mg-Al-CO_(2)LDH。Al(NO_(3))_(3)/LDH相较于未添加Al(NO_(3))_(3)得到的LDH,其生长均匀、结构致密,耐腐蚀性能由大到小的顺序为LDH-100、LDH-200、LDH-50、LDH-20、LDH、AZ91D镁合金。水滑石蒸汽涂层的腐蚀产物主要为Mg(OH)_(2)、MgCO_(3)。结论在添加100 mmol/L的Al(NO_(3))_(3)作为蒸汽源时,充足的Al^(3+)保证了合成结构致密水滑石的需要,副产物最少,且耐蚀性最好。最后,讨论了水滑石蒸汽涂层的生长机理和腐蚀机理。

层状双氢氧化物膜在镁合金防腐蚀领域的研究进展

介绍了层状双氢氧化物(LDH)膜的常见类型及其制备方法,重点总结了其在镁合金防腐蚀方面的应用现状和可能存在的问题。概述了LDH膜改性的研究进展,最后对LDH膜未来的研究方向进行了展望。