粉末316L不锈钢的高密度强化烧结

研究了粉末316L不锈钢添加活化剂的液相强化烧结。在1200～1350℃采用真空烧结,对含量为2%～8%的Cu3P和Fe Mo B两种烧结助剂进行比较,后者采用两种粒度。结果表明:Fe Mo B细粉强化作用最强;增加烧结助剂含量和提高烧结温度可以提高烧结密度;最佳条件为添加6%的Fe Mo B细粉、室温压制、1250℃烧结,烧结密度接近7.70g/cm3。另外,压缩试验表明添加量大于6%后,添加Fe Mo B的烧结制品的塑性比添加Cu3P的塑性要好。

Cu_(3)P nanoparticles confined in nitrogen/phosphorus dual-doped porous carbon nanosheets for efficient potassium storage

Immobilizing primary electroactive nanomaterials in porous carbon matrix is an effective approach for boosting the electrochemical performance of potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) because of the synergy among functional components. Herein, an integrated hybrid architecture composed of ultrathin Cu_(3)P nanoparticles (~20 nm) confined in porous carbon nanosheets (Cu_(3)P⊂NPCSs) as a new anode material for PIBs is synthesized through a rational self-designed self-templating strategy. Benefiting from the unique structural advantages including more active heterointerfacial sites, intimate and stable electrical contact, effectively relieved volume change, and rapid K^(+) ion migration, the Cu_(3)P⊂NPCSs indicate excellent potassium-storage performance involving high reversible capacity, exceptional rate capability, and cycling stability. Moreover, the strong adsorption of K^(+) ions and fast potassium-ion reaction kinetics in Cu_(3)P⊂NPCSs is verified by the theoretical calculation investigation. Noted, the intercalation mechanism of Cu_(3)P to store potassium ions is, for the first time, clearly confirmed during the electrochemical process by a series of advanced characterization techniques.

Metal–Organic Frameworks-Derived Porous Yolk–Shell MoP/Cu_(3)P@carbon Microcages as High-Performance Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Transitional metal phosphides(TMPs)anode materials usually have large volume change and weak diffusion kinetics,leading to poor cycle stability.Combining TMPs with conductive carbon matrix has been widely used to boost sodium storage.However,it still needs to make efforts in the rational and facile design of nano/micro-structural TMPs/carbon hybrid anode material.Herein,a MOFs-derived strategy is developed to synthesize porous yolk–shell Mo P/Cu_(3)P@carbon microcages(Mo P/Cu_(3)P@C)through in situ and confined phosphidation reaction as a high-performance sodium-ion batteries anode.This yolk–shell structure can offer adequate internal space to buffer the large volume expansion,shorten diffusion distance,and create more active sites of Na+.Especially,the Cu nanoparticles generated from Cu_(3)P have remarkable electronic conductivity of 5.73107S m-1(the second most conductive metal)to benefit transporting electrons.And the introduction of Mo(Mo P has high theoretical capacity of 633 mA h g^(-1))can enhance the reversible capacity of the whole anode material.Therefore,these porous yolk–shell Mo P/Cu_(3)P@carbon microcages possess excellent reversible capacity of 307.8 mA h g^(-1)at 1.0 A g^(-1)and extraordinary cycle stability of 132.1 m A h g^(-1)at 5.0 A g^(-1)even after 6000 cycles.

MoO_(2)/Cu_(3)P复合电极材料的制备及电催化性质研究

随着社会工业化的迅速发展,化石燃料的需求愈发旺盛。H_(2)是一种可以替代化石燃料的清洁能源,电解水制氢是在未来实现氢能源廉价化、商业化的重要手段之一。拟在泡沫铜上制备放射状纳米棒形貌的MoO_(2)/Cu_(3)P@CF复合电极材料。在1mol L^(-1) KOH溶液中,MoO_(2)/Cu_(3)P@CF电极在10mA cm^(-2)单位电流密度下,过电位为84mV RHE,并且在经过3000圈循环伏安测试后仍维持了较高的电解水析氢性能,展现出了良好的电解水析氢催化活性和较好的稳定性。

Regulating adsorption ability toward polysulfides in a porous carbon/Cu_(3)P hybrid for an ultrastable high-temperature lithium-sulfur battery

Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)can work at high temperatures,but they suffer from poor cycle life stability due to the“shuttle effect”of polysulfides.In this study,pollen-derived porous carbon/cuprous phosphide(PC/Cu_(3)P)hybrids were rationally synthesized using a one-step carbonization method using pollen as the source material,acting as the sulfur host for LSBs.In the hybrid,polar Cu_(3)P can markedly inhibit the“shuttle effect”by regulating the adsorption ability toward polysulfides,as confirmed by theoretical calculations and experimental tests.As an example,the camellia pollen porous carbon(CPC)/Cu_(3)P/S electrode shows a high capacity of 1205.6 mAh g^(−1) at 0.1 C,an ultralow capacity decay rate of 0.038%per cycle after 1000 cycles at 1 C,and a rather high initial Coulombic efficiency of 98.5%.The CPC/Cu_(3)P LSBs can work well at high temperatures,having a high capacity of 545.9 mAh g^(−1) at 1 C even at 150℃.The strategy of the PC/Cu_(3)P hybrid proposed in this study is expected to be an ideal cathode for ultrastable high-temperature LSBs.We believe that this strategy is universal and worthy of in-depth development for the next generation energy storage devices.

Bimetal MOF-derived NiFe-P nanocomposites coupled with Cu_(3)P nanoparticles to construct tandem electron transfer channels for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Finely modulated light-induced charge separation and transfer is a central challenge to achieve efficient photocatalysis.Although progress has been made in this field,most of the previous research works focused on the separation or migration of photogenerated carriers but did not build a bridge between the two.How to realize the strong driving and precise migration of carriers has become the focus of our work.We report an ingeniously designed ternary heterojunction.Taking NiFe-MOF as the“parent material”,the FeP_(4)/Ni_(x)P_(y)heterojunction is derived in situ while maintaining the frame structure through gas-solid reaction,and finally the Z-type electron transfer is realized.With Cu_(3)P anchoring spindle matrix,an electron transport tunnel is opened up in Cu_(3)P/FeP_(4)/Ni_(x)P_(y)ternary heterojunction under the action of p-n heterojunction built-in electric field driving and accurate energy band matching.The strong driving force of the built-in electric field provides an inexhaustible power for the transmission of electrons,and the fine series of electron transmission channels realizes the precise transmission of electrons.The above fine design makes the perfect fit between the built-in electric field and the electron transfer channel,which not only effectively improves the embarrassing situation of insufficient electron driving force of hydrogen evolution reaction in the previous research,but also makes up for the weakening of semi-conductor reduction ability caused by the construction of traditional p-n heterostructures.This research work provides a new idea for the construction of multiple heterostructures and the design of fine interface engineering in the future.

添加Cu_(3)P对铁基粉末冶金气门导管材料组织与力学性能的影响

研究不同Cu_(3)P含量对铁基粉末冶金气门导管材料的显微组织、密度、力学性能和耐磨性的影响。结果表明:在烧结温度为1 135℃,Cu_(3)P的添加量为0.45%时,组织中的孔隙数量最少,孔隙尺寸较小且分布均匀。当Cu_(3)P的添加量为0.45%时,解理面减小,孔隙减小,韧窝较深,且均匀分布,此时力学性能达到最优,硬度和抗拉强度分别达到73.1HRB和337.3 MPa。摩擦磨损实验表明,Cu_(3)P含量为0.45%,铁基粉末冶金气门导管材料的磨损量最小,摩擦因数最小,其耐磨性能最优。

Acidic Electrocatalytic Semihydrogenation of Alkynols to Alkenols on Copper Phosphide at Industrial-Level Current Density

Alkenols are important intermediates for the industrial manufacture of various commodities and fine chemicals.At present,alkenols are produced via thermocatalytic semihydrogenation of corresponding alkynols using precious metal Pd-based catalysts in pressurized hydrogen atmosphere.In this work,we highlight an efficient electrocatalytic strategy for selectively reducing alkynols to alkenols under ambient conditions.Using 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol as a model alkynol,Cu3P nanoarrays anchored on Cu foam remarkably deliver an industrial-level partial current density of 0.79 A·cm^(-2) and a specific selectivity of 98%for 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol in acidic solution.Over a 40-runs stability test,Cu3P nanoarrays maintain 90%alkynol conversion and 90%alkenol selectivity.Even in a large two-electrode flow electrolyser,the single-pass alkynol conversion and alkenol selectivity of Cu3P nanoarrays exceed 90%.Moreover,this selective electrocatalytic hydrogenation approach is broadly feasible for the production of various water-soluble alkenols.Electrochemical analyses,theoretical simulation and electrochemical in-situ infrared investigations together reveal that exothermic alkynol hydrogenation,facile alkenol desorption and formation of active H on Cu3P surfaces account for the excellent electrocatalytic performance.

Facile synthesis of hollow Cu_(3)P for sodium-ion batteries anode

Combining metal to form metal phosphide is a promising strategy to address the fast capacity decay of P rooted from its low electronic conductivity and large volume changes upon cycling. Cu_(3)P, which possesses a high theoretical gravimetric and volumetric capacity of 363 m Ahág^(-1) and 1028 AháL^(-1) and reasonable volume expansion of 156% during sodiation, was investigated as anode material in SIBs. Hollow-structured Cu_(3)P electrode delivers an initial de-sodiation capacity of * 159.0 m Ahág^(-1) with high capacity retention of ~85.1% over 50 cycles at 0.2 C rate and exhibits good rate performance,retaining 70% of the capacity when the current density increases from 0.2 C to 1.6 C. A 3 V-class full cell consisting of P2-Na_(2/3) Ni_(1/3) Mn_(1/2) Ti_(1/6)O_(2) cathode and Cu_(3)P anode was also assembled, which could achieve an energy density of ~189.3 Whákg^(-1)(based on the mass of both electrode materials) and average discharge voltage of~2.91 V when cycled in 1.0-4.3 V at 0.1C.

Enhanced N_(2)-to-NH_(3)conversion efficiency on Cu3P nanoribbon electrocatalyst

Ambient electroreduction of nitrogen(N_(2))is considered as a green and feasible approach for ammonia(NH_(3))synthesis,which urgently demands for efficient electrocatalyst.Morphology has close relationship with catalytic activity of heterogeneous catalysts.Nanoribbon is attractive nanostructure,which possesses the flexibility of one-dimensional nanomaterials,the large surface area of two-dimensional nanomaterials,and lateral size confinement effects.In this work,Cu_(3)P nanoribbon is proposed as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for N_(2)-to-NH_(3)conversion under benign conditions.When measured in N_(2)-saturated 0.1 M HCl,such Cu_(3)P nanoribbon achieves high performance with an excellent Faradaic efficiency as high as 37.8%and a large yield of 18.9μg·h^(−1)·mgcat.−1 at−0.2 V.It also demonstrates outstanding stability in long-term electrolysis test at least for 45 h.