近20年中国西南地区植被碳利用率时空变化特征及驱动因素

植被碳利用率作为生物圈与大气圈碳循环的关键参数之一,对了解生态系统碳源和碳汇具有重要作用。本文基于MOD17A2H数据,采用Theil-Sen media趋势分析、空间插值以及偏相关分析法,分析2001~2020年西南地区植被碳利用率(Carbon Use Efficiency,CUE)时空分布格局及变化趋势,根据气象数据和数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM)数据,重点研究了西南地区植被CUE对气候变化的响应。结果表明:(1)2001~2020年西南地区不同植被类型年内CUE整体呈上升—下降—再上升—再下降的变化特征,整体上各植被类型CUE呈下降趋势,下降速率依次为:灌木>森林>草地>农作物。(2)近20年西南地区植被CUE多年均值约为0.75,植被固碳能力较强,空间上表现出由南部和东北部向西北部递增的空间分布格局,趋势分析表明西南地区植被CUE整体表现为微弱下降趋势。(3)2001~2020年西南地区植被碳利用率与气温、降水以及日照时长均呈负相关关系,整体上西南地区植被CUE主要受气温和日照时长影响,其次为降水。

A Novel Nonlinear Scaling Method for Optimal Motion Cueing Algorithm in Flight Simulator

Motion cueing algorithm plays a key role in simulator motion reproduction and improves the realism of movement sensation by combining with the human vestibular system.It is well established that scaling&limiting should be used to decrease the amplitude of the acceleration and angular velocity signals for making full use of limited workspace of motion platform.A novel nonlinear scaling method based on a third-order polynomial and back propagation(BP)neural networks for the motion cueing algorithm is proposed in this paper.The third-order polynomial method is applied to the low amplitude segment of the input signal to minimize the trigger delay of the sensation acceleration;in the high amplitude segment,the BP neural network is used to adaptively adjust the scaling factor of the input signal,to avoid washout displacement and angular displacement beyond the boundary of the workspace.The simulation experiment is verified in the longitudinal/pitch direction for flight simulator,and the result implies that the proposed method not only can overcome the problem of constant scaling parameter and improve motion platform workspace utilization,but also reduce the false cues during the motion simulation process.

Optimal motion cueing algorithm for accelerating phase of manned spacecraft in human centrifuge

This paper presents a novel optimal Motion Cueing Algorithm(MCA)to control the rotations of a Human Centrifuge(HC)and achieve the best simulation of a Space Craft(SC)motion.Relations of the specific forces sensed by astronauts of the SC and the HC have been derived and linearized.A Linear Quadratic Regulator(LQR)controller is implemented for the problem which tends to minimize the error between the two sensed specific forces as well as control input in a cost function.It results in control inputs of the HC to generate its sensed specific force as close as possible to the one in the SC.The algorithm is implemented for both linearized and nonlinear portions of a US space shuttle mission trajectory as a verification using MATLAB.In longitudinal direction,the proposed MCA,works well when the acceleration is less than 2 g in which the tracking error does not exceed 12%.In lateral direction the tracking is much better even in nonlinear region since the error remains less than 7%for tilting up to 50°.Finally,the effect of weight matrixes in the LQR cost function on overall weight and power of the HC motion system is discussed.

A Design of Nonlinear Scaling and Nonlinear Optimal Motion Cueing Algorithm for Pilot’s Station

Motion cueing algorithms(MCA)are often applied in the motion simulators.In this paper,a nonlinear optimal MCA,taking into account translational and rotational motions of a simulator within its physical limitation,is designed for the motion platform aiming to minimize human’s perception error in order to provide a high degree of fidelity.Indeed,the movement sensation center of most MCA is placed at the center of the upper platform,which may cause a certain error.Pilot’s station should be paid full attention to in the MCA.Apart from this,the scaling and limiting module plays an important role in optimizing the motion platform workspace and reducing false cues during motion reproduction.It should be used along within the washout filter to decrease the amplitude of the translational and rotational motion signals uniformly across all frequencies through the MCA.A nonlinear scaling method is designed to accurately duplicate motions with high realistic behavior and use the platform more efficiently without violating its physical limitations.The simulation experiment is verified in the longitudinal/pitch direction for motion simulator.The result implies that the proposed method can not only overcome the problem of the workspace limitations in the simulator motion reproduction and improve the realism of movement sensation,but also reduce the false cues to improve dynamic fidelity during the motion simulation process.

Behavioural Bioassays and Identification of Cashew Leaf and Stem Volatiles Mediating Attraction to the Stem Girdler, Analeptes trifasciata (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

The cashew stem girdler, Analeptes trifasciata Fabricius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), damages cashew by its girdling activities in the stem thereby causing huge economic losses. The stem girdler is managed through cultural practice of burning girdled stems and beetles, though this has drawbacks. The objective of this study was to explore the cues mediating attraction to the cashew host plant;hence the role of olfaction in host plant location by A. trifasciata underlying the semio-chemical option for controlling this insect pest. A diffusional Y-tube olfactometer was used to study the behavioural response of A. trifasciata, to freshly cut cashew stem and leaves odour sources. Methanol-extract of these plant tissues was subjected to the coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Y-tube olfactometric assays demonstrated that both sexes oriented towards and spent significantly more time in stem odour arm compared to the leaf odour arm in both male (male: t = 2.228, d.f = 11, P = 0.040) and female (t = 2.341, d.f = 11, P = 0.040). A combination of fatty acids, amino acids and carbohydrates were detected in cashew stems. Some of these fatty acids are attractants to other insect pests. It is suspected that these fatty acid blends may possibly be responsible for facilitating host plant location by both sexes. In conclusion, both sexes were independently and strongly attracted to the stem volatiles;this study opens the possibility of utilizing cashew stem volatiles as surveillance and control tools.

Development of Cueing Algorithm Based on “Closed-Loop” Control for Flight Simulator Motion System

The classical washout algorithm had fixed gains and manually constructed filters, so that it led to poor adaptability. Furthermore, it lost the sustained acceleration cues of high-and mid-frequency in cross-over(tilt-coordination) channel, and the acceleration of cross-over frequency was also limited by angular velocity limiter, so the false cues in flight simulation process were clearly perceived by pilots. The paper studied the characteristics of the classical washout algorithm and flight simulator motion platform, tried to redesign the source of cross-over acceleration channel and translation acceleration channel, and transferred the part of cross-over acceleration that was unsimulated sustained acceleration to translation acceleration channel. Comparisons were mainly made between classical washout algorithm and revised algorithm in a longitudinal/pitch direction. The evaluation was based on the implementation of human vestibular perception system. The results demonstrated that the revised algorithm could significantly reduce the phase lag, and improved the spikes tracking performance. Furthermore, sensory angular velocity and the error of sensory acceleration were strictly controlled within the threshold of human perception system, and the displacement was a little broader than the classical washout algorithm. Therefore, it was proved that the new algorithm could diminish the filters parameters and heighten the self-adaptability for the washout algorithm. In addition, the magnitude of false cues was remarkably reduced during flight simulator, and the workspace utilization of the motion platform was developed by "closed-loop" control system.

陕西黄河流域植被碳利用率时空特征及对气候的敏感性研究

植被碳利用率(Carbon UseEfficiency,CUE)能够较客观地反映植被固定大气碳的效率以及植被对气候变化产生的反馈。利用MOD17、土地利用数据及气象数据,应用Hurst指数、相关分析及敏感性分析等方法,探讨了2001—2021年陕西黄河流域植被CUE时空变异及其对气候因子的敏感性。结果表明:(1)2001—2021年陕西黄河流域植被总初级生产力(Gross PrimaryProductivity,GPP)、净初级生产力(Net PrimaryProductivity,NPP)及植被CUE呈上升趋势,植被CUE均值为0.51。(2)研究区仅有14.21%的区域植被CUE呈下降趋势,植被CUE高值区主要集中分布在陕北防风固沙区及退耕还林区,未来植被CUE呈现下降趋势的面积占59.96%,且大部分为上升转下降趋势。(3)气温、降水与植被CUE总体均呈负相关,但与降水的关系较气温更为显著,与气温、降水呈正相关关系的地区分布在陕北防风固沙区;对气温与降水的敏感系数分析表明,植被CUE与气温及降水的阈值分别为10℃及500 mm,在气温<10℃、降水量<500 mm时植被CUE随气温及降水的增加而增加。植被CUE与气候因子的关系在陕北退耕还林区及防风固沙区等干旱地区较为显著,且敏感性更强。

Evaluation of trap effi ciency for the Asian longhorned beetle,Anoplophora glabripennis

The Asian longhorned beetle(ALB),Anoplophora glabripennis,is a well-known stem borer with high polyphagous properties causing frequent outbreaks in northeast China.An attractant-based trap is needed to improve the sensitivity,reliability,and effi ciency for detection of the beetle.In this study,the eff ects of attractants,trap types and color synergy of a trapping system were evaluated.Attractant blends comprised of the male-produced,two-component pheromone plus plant volatiles were used in the fi eld in Hengshui city.Plant volatiles(e.g.,1-pentanol,and 2-pentanol)in combination with male pheromones increased the mean number of trapped ALB compared to the pheromone alone.Males responded better than females to traps baited with plant volatiles alone,whereas traps emitting plant volatiles plus pheromone,regardless of trap type,captured more females than males.The ALB-trapping effi ciency of a modifi ed fl ight intercept panel trap was more than ten times as high as a woodborer panel trap and 1.2 times a fl ight intercept panel trap.The 1-pentanol and 2-pentanol attractants alone or in combination with male-produced pheromone were more eff ective for monitoring ALB than common lures.In laboratory Y-tube olfactometer experiments,the color brown was better at increasing attraction of both males and females to 1-pentanol,2-pentanol,1-pentanol+pheromone,and 2-pentanol+pheromone compared to the clear-glass control arm.The fi ndings provide a reliable and eff ective trap system to monitor ALB infestations.

Hybrid Metaheuristics with Deep Learning Enabled Automated Deception Detection and Classification of Facial Expressions

Automatic deception recognition has received considerable atten-tion from the machine learning community due to recent research on its vast application to social media,interviews,law enforcement,and the mil-itary.Video analysis-based techniques for automated deception detection have received increasing interest.This study develops a new self-adaptive population-based firefly algorithm with a deep learning-enabled automated deception detection(SAPFF-DLADD)model for analyzing facial cues.Ini-tially,the input video is separated into a set of video frames.Then,the SAPFF-DLADD model applies the MobileNet-based feature extractor to produce a useful set of features.The long short-term memory(LSTM)model is exploited for deception detection and classification.In the final stage,the SAPFF technique is applied to optimally alter the hyperparameter values of the LSTM model,showing the novelty of the work.The experimental validation of the SAPFF-DLADD model is tested using the Miami University Deception Detection Database(MU3D),a database comprised of two classes,namely,truth and deception.An extensive comparative analysis reported a better performance of the SAPFF-DLADD model compared to recent approaches,with a higher accuracy of 99%.

ROS-hormone interaction in regulating integrative défense signaling of plant cell

The elaborate redox network of the cell,comprising of events like turnover of reactive oxygen species(ROS),redox sensing,signaling,expression of redox-sensitive genes,etc.,often orchestrates with other bonafide hormonal signaling pathways through their synergistic or antagonistic action in the plant cell.The redox cue generated in plant cells under fluctuating environmental conditions can significantly influence other hormonal biosynthetic or signaling mechanisms,thereby modulating physiology towards stress acclimation and defense.There is also strong evidence of the recruitment of ROS as a‘second messenger’in different hormonal signaling pathways under stress.Moreover,the retrograde signaling initiated by ROS also found to strongly influence hormonal homeostasis and signaling.The present review,in this aspect,is an effort towards understanding the regulatory roles of ROS in integrating and orchestrating other hormonal signaling pathways or vice versa so as to unfold the relationship between these two signaling episodes of plant cells under environmental odds.We also accentuate the significance of understanding the utterly complex interactions,which occur both at metabolic and genetic levels between ROS and phytohormones during stress combinations.Furthermore,the significant and decisive role of ROS turnover,particularly the contribution of RBOH(respiratory burst oxidase homologs)in the synergism of redox and hormone signaling during systemic acquired acclimation under stress is also discussed.

Mining Fine-Grain Face Forgery Cues with Fusion Modality

Face forgery detection is drawing ever-increasing attention in the academic community owing to security concerns.Despite the considerable progress in existing methods,we note that:Previous works overlooked finegrain forgery cues with high transferability.Such cues positively impact the model’s accuracy and generalizability.Moreover,single-modality often causes overfitting of the model,and Red-Green-Blue(RGB)modal-only is not conducive to extracting the more detailed forgery traces.We propose a novel framework for fine-grain forgery cues mining with fusion modality to cope with these issues.First,we propose two functional modules to reveal and locate the deeper forged features.Our method locates deeper forgery cues through a dual-modality progressive fusion module and a noise adaptive enhancement module,which can excavate the association between dualmodal space and channels and enhance the learning of subtle noise features.A sensitive patch branch is introduced on this foundation to enhance the mining of subtle forgery traces under fusion modality.The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed framework can desirably explore the differences between authentic and forged images with supervised learning.Comprehensive evaluations of several mainstream datasets show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art detection methods with remarkable detection ability and generalizability.

Influence of Cues to Action towards Uptake of Immunohistochemistry Services among Women with Breast Cancer Attending Tertiary Health Facilities

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women, making it a significant global public health issue. Although developed countries have a higher incidence of breast cancer, developing countries like Nigeria have a low incidence rate but higher rates of morbidity and mortality from the disease. Objective: This study explored how cues to action influenced the use of immunohistochemistry by women in Imo State and how many of them used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to diagnose their condition. Methodology: We used a descriptive study methodology for the investigation, and 121 participants were chosen at random from the 891 total population. The respondents were chosen through a systematic sampling procedure. Structured questionnaire was used as the data collection tool, and the statistical software for social science (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. Results: The mean age of the 121 participants in the study was 45.2 ± 0.7 years. The study found that awareness of IHC services is a significant influencing factor for the uptake and health personnel is the major source of awareness of IHC services. Cues to action particularly from health workers, as well as knowledge of any victim of breast cancer and user of IHC services, also significantly influenced uptake of the IHC services (P Conclusion: In our study, utilization of IHC services was also impacted by cues to action, particularly from healthcare professionals, as well as awareness of any breast cancer victims and those who used IHC services thus cues to action is a major predicator of immunohistochemistry uptake among women with breast cancer.

Model Predictive Control based Motion Cueing Algorithm for Driving Simulator

Thanks to the emerging integration of algorithms and simulators, recent Driving Simulators (DS) find enormous potential in applications like advanced driver-assistance devices, analysis of driver’s behaviours, research and development of new vehicles and even for entertainment purposes. Driving simulators have been developed to reduce the cost of field studies, allow more flexible control over circumstances and measurements, and safely present hazardous conditions. The major challenge in a driving simulator is to reproduce realistic motions within hardware constraints. Motion Cueing Algorithm (MCA) guarantees a realistic motion perception in the simulator. However, the complex nature of the human perception system makes MCA implementation challenging. The present research aims to improve the performance of driving simulators by proposing and implementing the MCA algorithm as a control problem. The approach is realized using an actual vehicle model integrated with a detailed model of the human vestibular system, which accurately reproduces the driver’s perception. These perception motion signals are compared with simulated ones. A 2-DOF stabilized platform model is used to test the results from the two proposed control strategies, Proportional Integrator and Derivative (PID) and Model Predictive Control (MPC).

Research on the Intervention of Visual Cue Strategy on Self-Care Ability of Children with Autism

The formation of self-care ability is the first step for children with autism to enter the society,and it is also a prerequisite and guarantee for their independent survival.This study aimed to explore the impact of visual cue strategies on the self-care ability of children with autism.Based on the ABA design of a single case study,this research conducted a four-month intervention on a seven-year-old child with autism via visual cue strategy as independent variables and sock-wearing skills as dependent variables,in order to explore the effect of visual cue strategy on self-care ability of children with autism.It turned out that visual cue strategy exerts a positive immediate sustained effect and social validity on the self-care ability of children with autism.Lastly,suggestions were provided for future related research based on the research process,results,and limitations.

CUEDC2通过上皮-间质转化促进人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞侵袭转移

目的:探讨CUE结构域2(CUE domain-containing 2,CUEDC2)蛋白对人乳腺肿瘤细胞侵袭转移的作用机制。方法:人乳腺肿瘤细胞MCF-7转染的Myc-CUEDC2真核表达载体,提取转染细胞的总蛋白和总RNA进行蛋白免疫印迹和实时定量PCR检测上皮-间质转化(EMT)标志物上皮-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)和转录因子SLUG的表达。结果:过表达CUEDC2蛋白能够下调E-cadherin蛋白和基因的表达,而上调转录因子SLUG基因和蛋白的表达。结论:CUEDC2可能参与调节乳腺肿瘤细胞发生上皮-间质转化,促进乳腺肿瘤侵袭转移的发生,CUEDC2可能是人乳腺肿瘤侵袭转移的治疗靶点。

CUEDC2在浆液性卵巢癌组织中的表达及其与临床指标的相关性分析

目的观察CUE结构域蛋白2(CUEDC2)在浆液性卵巢癌组织中的表达,并分析其与相关临床指标的关系。方法采用免疫组化法检测75例浆液性卵巢癌组织及20例未发生转移的输卵管伞端组织中CUEDC2蛋白的表达情况,并分析CUEDC2阳性表达与雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)表达的相关性。结果75例浆液性卵巢癌患者中,FIGO分期:Ⅰ期患者的CUEDC2评分为1.35±0.60,Ⅱ期为1.54±0.57,Ⅲ期为1.78±0.71,Ⅳ期为2.13±0.27,各组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P=0.04),CUEDC2评分随FIGO分期的增加而升高,即CUEDC2的表达量逐级递增。早期患者的CUEDC2评分明显低于晚期患者(P=0.04)。按病理分级统计,低、中、高分化3组间评分差异无统计学意义。CUEDC2表达与卵巢癌患者的年龄、病理分级、有无淋巴结转移无关,与手术分期有关(P=0.014)。CUEDC2的表达与ER、PR的表达均无相关性(r=–0.0785、r=0.0111)。CUEDC2阳性患者的中位无病生存期(DFS)为32.6个月,中位总生存期(OS)为54.3个月,而阴性患者的中位DFS为51.9个月,中位OS为63.5个月,CUEDC2阳性组及阴性组的OS无明显差异(P>0.05),而CUEDC2阳性组的DFS短于阴性组(P<0.05)。结论CUEDC2在浆液性卵巢癌组织中呈高表达,且与患者的肿瘤分期、无病生存期相关,与ER、PR表达无相关性。

CUE结构域2表达与结直肠癌淋巴结转移的关系探讨

目的探讨CUE结构域2(CUE domain-containing 2,CUEDC2)表达与结直肠癌淋巴结转移的关系。方法收集2015年12月-2016年5月在我院住院手术的153例结直肠癌患者的临床资料与癌组织蜡块,使用免疫组化方法分析CUEDC2的表达,对CUEDC2与结直肠癌淋巴结转移的关系进行单因素及多因素分析。结果结直肠癌淋巴结转移患者CUEDC2免疫组化评分明显高于无淋巴结转移患者(7.41±1.46 vs 4.61±1.27,P<0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析结果表明,高CUEDC2免疫组化评分是结直肠癌发生淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结论 CUEDC2免疫组化评分≥8分与结直肠癌淋巴结转移相关,CUEDC2可能对结直肠癌淋巴结转移起到促进作用。

子宫内膜癌组织中SOCS-1、CUEDC2的表达变化及意义

目的探讨子宫内膜癌组织中细胞因子信号传导抑制因子(SOCS1)、CUE结构域蛋白2(CUEDC2)的表达变化及意义。方法选择80例子宫内膜癌患者的临床资料,应用免疫组化法检测癌组织及癌旁组织中SOCS1及CUEDC2表达。统计学分析癌组织中SOCS1、CUEDC2表达与患者临床病理参数关系。Spearman秩相关分析SOCS1与CUEDC2表达的相关性。结果与癌旁组织相比,子宫内膜癌组织中SOCS1表达阳性率降低,而CUEDC2表达阳性率升高(P<0.05)。子宫内膜癌组织中SOCS1、CUEDC2表达均与肿瘤分期、淋巴结转移相关(P均<0.05),而与年龄、肿瘤直径、肌层浸润及分化程度无关(P均>0.05)。子宫内膜癌组织中SOCS1与CUEDC2的表达呈负相关(r=-0.598,P<0.05)。结论子宫内膜癌组织中SOCS1表达下调,CUEDC2表达上调,二者表达与肿瘤分期和淋巴结转移有关;检测二者表达有助于子宫内膜癌病情判断。

同期发情技术在安格斯牛繁殖中的应用实验研究

为了提高博乐某繁育场安格斯母牛受胎率,繁育场采用国内较先进的阴道埋栓技术[1]及用孕激素(戈那瑞林(GnRH))与前列腺激素(氯前列醇钠(PG))结合处理的同期发情技术[2-3],历时两个月分两批对984头母牛进行同期发情处理。其中阴道埋栓分为两种[4],第一种埋栓(CIDR)144头,第二种埋栓(CUEMATE)埋栓175头,合计319头。在二月初,由专业技术人员利用B超技术对984头牛进行孕检,其中怀孕母牛366头,怀孕率达到38%,达到预期标准。通过这次同期发情处理,使得该场母牛受胎率提高了不少,节约了成本,并且为了更科学的使用阴道栓,对比了CIDR与CUE-MATE在使用相同同期发情方案的受胎率[5]。

鼻咽癌CNE2与放疗抗拒株CNE2R细胞的放化疗敏感性及其CUEDC2表达量比较

目的比较鼻咽癌CNE2细胞与其放疗抗拒株CNE2R细胞的放化疗敏感性及两者CUE结构域2(CUEDC2)蛋白表达量的差异。方法裸鼠成瘤法比较CNE2与CNE2R细胞的体内生长情况;四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测CNE2及CNE2R细胞对顺铂、多西紫杉醇的敏感性;流式细胞术检测细胞周期及细胞凋亡;实时聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测CUEDC2的相对mRNA水平、蛋白质免疫印迹法检测CUEDC2蛋白的表达量。结果 CNE2生长速度快于CNE2R,对多西紫杉醇更敏感(P<0.05)。0 Gy、4 Gy、8 Gy照射剂量下,CNE2R的G2/M期阻滞较CNE2明显,但12 Gy照射剂量下,CNE2R的G2/M期阻滞不如CNE2明显(均P<0.05)。在8 Gy、12 Gy照射剂量下,CNE2的凋亡率高于CNE2R(P<0.05)。CNE2R细胞CUEDC2蛋白相对mRNA扩增水平和蛋白表达量均高于CNE2(P<0.05)。结论放疗抗拒株细胞CNE2R的放化疗敏感性较其亲代细胞CNE2低,CUEDC2蛋白的表达量较CNE2的多。