Torque Improvement of Spoke-type Permanent Magnet Motor with Auxiliary Stator Using Harmonic Current Control Strategy

The spoke-type permanent magnet motor with auxiliary stator exhibits high torque performance owing to the flux focus effects.To further improve its torque density,this paper proposes a control method by using harmonic current strategy.Based on the theoretical analysis,a 3-D torque look-up table by dq-axis current and electrical angle is established with the aid of the finite element method(FEM).The maximum torque per ampere curve at each rotor position is identified and summarized to adequately indicate the relationship between torque and current amplitude of the motor.Through theoretical derivation,it is concluded that the minimum torque cost curve is the contour line of?Te/?i2,which can be employed to identify the harmonic current for torque density improvement.Compared to traditional strategies,the proposed control strategy can increase torque density of forward and reverse torque by 1.22%and 1.40%,respectively.The experimental results verify the analysis and simulation results,as well as prove the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

Recent Developments of Modulation and Control for High-Power Current-Source-Converters Fed Electric Machine Systems

The pulse-width-modulated(PWM)current-source converters(CSCs)fed electric machine systems can be considered as a type of high reliability energy conversion systems,since they work with the long-life DC-link inductor and offer high fault-tolerant capability for short-circuit faults.Besides,they provide motor friendly waveforms and four-quadrant operation ability.Therefore,they are suitable for high-power applications of fans,pumps,compressors and wind power generation.The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively review recent developments of key technologies on modulation and control of high-power(HP)PWM-CSC fed electric machines systems,including reduction of low-order current harmonics,suppression of inductor–capacitor(LC)resonance,mitigation of common-mode voltage(CMV)and control of modular PWM-CSC fed systems.In particular,recent work on the overlapping effects during commutation,LC resonance suppression under fault-tolerant operation and collaboration of modular PMW-CSCs are described.Both theoretical analysis and some results in simulations and experiments are presented.Finally,a brief discussion regarding the future trend of the HP CSC fed electric machines systems is presented.

Distorted Waveform Balancing Using an Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) Based Optimal Control for Mitigating Total Harmonics in Single Phase Inverter

The main objective of this paper is to reduce the total harmonics in a single phase voltage source inverter using Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization technique for critical load applications. Single phase inverter is a non-linear load using power electronic components causing distortions in the load voltage and current wave patterns from the sinusoidal waveforms due to harmonics. The mapping state space model for a full bridge voltage source inverter was developed using output load resistance. An optimal ABC technique has been designed and optimized values are estimated using a full bridge voltage controlled inverter using Proportional Integral Algorithm. The MATLAB/SIMULINK tool and Experimental setup were implemented and their THD values were estimated. Also this ABC scheme is compared with the previous results such as PI Algorithm, Fuzzy logic controller and Neuro-fuzzy controllers. From the simulation and experimental results using ABC algorithm, it is observed that the total harmonics are mitigated considerably compared to previous results with respect to the power quality standards such as IEEE-519 and IEC 61000.

Research on Open-circuit Fault Tolerant Control of Six-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Based on Fifth Harmonic Current Injection

This paper proposes a novel control approach for fault-tolerant control of dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) under one-phase open-circuit fault.A modified six-phase static coordinate transformation matrix and an extended rotating coordinate transformation matrix are investigated considering the influence of the fifth harmonic space on fault-tolerant control. These mathematical models are further analyzed in the fundamental space and the fifth harmonic space after the fault and to eliminate the coupling between the d-q axis voltage equation in the fundamental wave space and the d-q axis voltage equation in the fifth harmonic space, a secondary rotation coordinate transformation matrix is proposed. To achieve the purpose of reducing torque ripple, the fault-tolerant control method proposed in this paper not only takes the minimum copper loss as the constraint condition, but also injects the fifth harmonic current. The experimental result of current and torque is used to verify the accuracy of fault-tolerant control.

Analysis on Harmonics of Distribution Network with Distributed Generators

In this paper, the authors analyze the influence that connection of many distributed generators （DGs） has on the harmonics of the distribution network from the viewpoints of harmonic current, harmonic voltage, and voltage total harmonic distortion （THD）, when it is assumed that the harmonic voltages or the harmonic currents in a distribution network increases by connection of many DGs through the inverters. The analysis on the influence of DGs is carried out by using a standard analytical model of distribution network with DGs based on the practical data. The authors evaluate quantitatively the influence which harmonics generated from DGs has on the harmonics of the distribution network, and analyze visually about propagation of harmonics within the distribution network. In addition, the authors also verify about the restraint effect of the harmonics in the network scale by the active filters installation.

An Insight into the Second-Harmonic Current Reduction Control Strategies in Two-Stage Converters

Due to the components at twice the fundamental frequency of output voltage in the instantaneous output power of a two-stage single-phase inverter(TSI),the second harmonic current(SHC)is generated in the frontend dc-dc converter(FDC).To reduce the SHC,optimizing the control strategy of the FDC is an effective and costless approach.Fromthe view of visual impedance,this paper conducts an intensive study on the SHC reduction strategies.Origin of the SHC is illustrated first.Then,the equivalent circuit models of the FDC under different control strategies are proposed to analyse the SHC propagation characteristic.The derived model can offer a better insight into how the inductor SHC is affected by the control parameters.According to the derived models,a synthesis of different control strategies is presented and the relevant parameters are listed for control design to achieve better suppression effect.The benefits and limitations of these control strategies are also discussed.Based on the proposed equivalent circuit models,several optimization methods are proposed to enhance the effect.A 1500 VA TSI prototype is built and simulated on MATLAB/Simulink,verifying the effectiveness of the proposed optimization methods.This paper is aimed to provide a guideline for the control design and control optimization of the TSIs.

Sensorless Monitoring of a Motor-Drive Machanical System Based on Adaptive Signal Decomposition

A method for estimating current harmonics of an induction motor is introduced which is used for sensorless monitoring of a mechanical system driven by the motor. The method is based on an adaptive signal representation and is proposed to extract weak harmonics from a noisy current signal, especially in the presence of additive interference caused by transient modulation waves. As an application, a rotor unbalance experiment of rotating machinery driven by an induction motor is carried out, The result shows that the eccentricity harmonic magnitude of a current signal obtained by the method represents the rotor unbalance conditions sensitively. Vibration analysis is used to validate the proposed method.

Novel torque ripple minimization algorithm for direct torque control of induction motor drive

To elucidate the principles of notable torque and flux ripple during the steady state of the conventional direct torque control （DTC） of induction machines, the factors of influence torque variation are examined. A new torque ripple minimization algorithm is proposed. The novel method eradicated the torque ripple by imposing the required stator voltage vector in each control cycle. The M and T axial components of the stator voltage are accomplished by measuring the stator flux error and the expected incremental value of the torque at every sampling time. The maximum angle rotation allowed is obtained. Experimental results showed that the proposed method combined with the space vector pulse width modulation （SVPWM） could be implemented in most existing digital drive controllers, offering high performance in both steady and transient states of the induction drives at full speed range. The result of the present work implies that torque fluctuation could be eliminated by imposing proper stator voltage, and the proposed scheme could not only maintain constant switching frequency for the inverter, but also solve the heating problem and current harmonics in traditional induction motor drives.

Realization of Unified Power Quality Conditioner for Mitigating All Voltage Collapse Issues

This paper proposes about a powerful control mechanism of UPQC (Unified Power Quality Conditioner) work on voltage source inverter which can effectively compensate source current harmonics and also mitigate all voltage collapse such as dip, swell, voltage unbalances and harmonics. The consolidation of series and parallel active power filters sharing mutual DC bus capacitor forms UPQC. PI (Proportional Integral) controller is mainly used in order to maintain continual DC voltage along with the hysteresis current controller. The parallel and series power filters were designed using 3-phase voltage source inverter. The reference signals for shunt and series active power filters were obtained by Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) theory and Power Reactive (PQ) theory respectively. By using these theories, reference signals were obtained which was fed to the controllers for generating switching pulses for parallel and series active filters. The UPQC dynamic performance is obtained through testing terms like the compensation of voltage, current harmonics and all voltage distortion associated with 3-phase 3-wire power system which is simulated using MATLAB-Simulink software.

Characteristic of Torsional Vibration of Mill Main Drive Excited by Electromechanical Coupling

In the study of electromechanical coupling vibration of mill main drive system, the influence of electrical system on the mechanical transmission is considered generally, however the research for the mechanism of electromechanical interaction is lacked. In order to research the electromechanical coupling resonance of main drive system on the F3 mill in a plant, the cycloconverter and synchronous motor are modeled and simulated by the MTLAB/SIMUL1NK firstly, simulation result show that the current harmonic of the cycloconverter can lead to the pulsating torque of motor output. Then the natural characteristics of the mechanical drive system are calculated by ANSYS, the result show that the modal frequency contains the component which is close to the coupling vibration frequency of 42Hz. According to the simulation result of the mechanical and electrical system, the closed loop feedback model including the two systems are built, and the mechanism analysis of electromechanical coupling presents that there is the interaction between the current harmonic of electrical system and the speed of the mechanical drive system. At last, by building and computing the equivalent nonlinear dynamics model of the mechanical drive system, the dynamic characteristics of system changing with the stiffness, damping coefficient and the electromagnetic torque are obtained. Such electromechanical interaction process is suggested to consider in research of mill vibration, which can induce strong coupling vibration behavior in the rolling mill drive system.

Research on Torque Ripple Under Healthy and Open-Circuit Fault-Tolerant Conditions in a PM Multiphase Machine

In this paper,research into torque ripple production has been undertaken for both the healthy and open-circuit faulttolerant conditions of a five-phase permanent magnet(PM)machine by using the instantaneous power(I-Power)approach.When only the fundamental component of the phase currents is applied to the phase windings,it has been shown that the 9th and 11th harmonics of the back-electromotive force(back-EMF)causes torque ripples in a five-phase PM machine and its frequency is ten times the frequency of the fundamental phase currents.When the combined fundamental and third harmonic components of the phase currents are applied to the phase windings,it has been shown that the 7th and 13th harmonic of the back-electromotive force(back-EMF)causes additional torque ripples in a five-phase PM machine.These torque ripples under fault-tolerant conditions have been analyzed analytically,as well.It has been proven that there are interactions between the fundamental component of current and the third harmonic component of the back-EMF and vice versa.These interactions cause torque ripples.A finite element analysis(FEA)model of the five-phase PM machine has been done to validate the analytical results.

Control Strategy of a Two-Lap Connection Converter

Two-lap sequential control converters are usually adopted to supply and improve the power factor of input side. The line harmonic damage generated by a sequential control thyristor converter can be serious. To solve this prob-lem and seek an optimum control strategy,we derived the changeable regular of the line-input-current,the fundamen-tal-frequency-current,the harmonic-current-content and the harmonic total distortion ratio of the converter at different firing angles. We obtained relevant data from experiments with a sequential control system of a DC 2.2kW/220V motor. With the example of the operating condition of a DC mine elevator,the harmonic current is two times approximately in sequential control compared to synchronous control when the firing angle of the two converters differs in 30°. At dif-ferent operating states of a two-lap connection converter,the ideal strategy is an exchange between sequential control and synchronous control,by which we can achieve the complementary goal of improving the power factor and har-monic effect. All analytical conclusions are supported by simulation and experimental results.

Modeling and Controlling of an Active Power Filter Using Photovoltaic System with Reduced Energy Storage Capacitor

A novel three-phase active power filter （APF） circuit with photovoltaic （PV） system to improve the quality of service and to reduce the capacity of energy storage capacitor is presented. The energy balance concept and sampling technique were used to simplify the calculation algorithm for the required utility source current and to control the voltage of the energy storage capacitor. The feasibility was verified by using the Pspice simulations and experiments. When the APF mode was used during non-operational period, not only the utilization rate, power factor and power quality could be improved, but also the capacity of energy storage capacitor could sparing. As the results, the advantages of the APF circuit are simplicity of control circuits, low cost, and good transient response.

Influence of the Electrical Vehicle Charging on the Grid Harmonic

This paper described the impact of the electrical vehicle（EV） charging on the grid harmonic. In view of the randomness of the EV charging process, the harmonic admittance matrix method and superposition method were used to build the single and multiple EVs charging simulation model. By using Matlab as a simulation tool, we analyzed harmonic currents of single and multiple EVs chargers. The results show that the harmonic ratio is beyond the scope of the national harmonic standard. Finally a parallel hybrid active filter（PHAPF） was introduced for governance of harmonic.The experimental results show that net side harmonic currents are significantly reduced by using the PHAPF and meet the national standard GB/Z17625.6-2003 regulations limit.

Investigation of Eccentric PM on High-frequency Vibration in FSCW PM Machine Considering Force Modulation Effect

This study investigates the negative influence of an eccentric permanent-magnet(PM)design on high-frequency electromagnetic vibration in fractional-slot concentrated-winding(FSCW)PM machines.First,an analytical expression for the sideband current harmonics was derived using the double Fourier series expansion method.Then,the characteristics of the flux-density harmonics are studied from the perspective of the space-time distribution and initial phase relationship.The influence of the eccentric PM design on high-frequency electromagnetic and concentrated forces was studied based on the electromagnetic force modulation effect.Consequently,an eccentric PM design is not conducive to reducing the 2pth-order high-frequency electromagnetic forces.Finally,two FSCW PM machines with conventional and eccentric PM designs are manufactured and tested to verify the theoretical analysis.The results show that the eccentric PM design worsens high-frequency vibrations.

Review of High-frequency PWM Acoustic Noise Suppression Methods for PMSMs

Permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSMs)driven by voltage source inverters(VSIs)with pulse width modulation(PWM)are widely used.Given the impact of acoustic noise on the environment and human ears,the comfort level of the high-frequency vibration noise emitted by PMSMs has become an important factor.This study introduces the current mainstream high-frequency vibration noise suppression strategies for PMSMs by reducing the high-frequency current harmonics of stator windings,including spread spectrum technology,vector position exchange technology,and interleaved parallel technology.Furthermore,this study analyzed and compared the advantages and disadvantages of various suppression strategies.

Application of wavelet-based active power filter in accelerator magnet power supply

Since modern accelerators demand excellent stability to magnet power supply （PS）, it is necessary to decrease harmonic currents passing magnets. Aiming at depressing the rappel current from the PS in the Beijing electron-positron collider Ⅱ, a wavelet-based active power filter （APF） is proposed in this paper. An APF is an effective device to improve the quality of currents. As a countermeasure to these harmonic currents, the APF circuit generates a harmonic current, countervailing harmonic current from PS. An active power filter based on wavelet transformation is proposed. Discrete wavelet transformation is used to analyze the harmonic components in the supply current, and an active power filter circuit works according to the analysis results. Our simulation and experiment results are given to prove the effect of the APF.