Survey of the current state of emergency care in Chennai, India

BACKGROUND：On July 21, 2009, the Medical Council of India officially recognized the specialty of emergency medicine in India. The city of Chennai with over six and a half million people is the fourth largest on the subcontinent and has already been a prominent city of interest in the specialty＇s development. However, there is no standardization of the resources found in the city＇s emergency departments. This study was to survey the equipment, training, and certification of Chennai area emergency departments and their staff. METHODS：We conducted a cross-sectional survey of emergency department staff from 38 Chennai area hospitals. The survey instrument contained 44 questions pertaining to hospital demographics, staff training and certification, and ED equipment and supplies. The items on the survey were specifically chosen to represent only the most basic and common resources necessary to practise emergency medicine. RESULTS： The survey found a majority of hospitals are privately operated but there is a wide range in terms of size and volume of patients. A minority of both doctors and nurses are certified in BLS, ACLS, PALS, and ATLS. While almost all departments surveyed had the basic code medications, a number of basic equipment items were lacking from a large percentage of the EDs surveyed. CONCLUSION：The newly established EP community in Chennai will have the responsibility to establish standards for both training and resources so that the specialty may grow and provide a higher standard of emergency care moving into the future.

Local Perception on the Exploitation, the Current State and Taboos Related to Pangolins (Pholidota, Mammalia) by the Communities Living in the Tayna Nature Reserve and Its Surroundings (RNT) North Kivu DRC

Pangolins are currently considered the most endangered mammal species due to their high rank in local and international traffic. This species is protected in DRC and worldwide, unfortunately it is threatened by numerous human actions. The objective of this study is to identify the different reasons for which these animals are exploited, to provide information to determine from the opinions of the respondents the current state of the population from 2015 to today and to identify their hunting techniques by the local populations. We carried out surveys in the households of hunters, farmers and people practicing other professions in 12 villages, located within the RNT and surroundings areas. Two interview techniques were used: the individual interview and the participatory diagnostic technique. 175 people were interviewed individually. Nearly 97% of our respondents are motivated to consume pangolin as bush meat obtaining by hunting. The main reason for eating pangolin meat is 44% preference and 33% habit. The zone does not know the foreign solicitation of the exploitation of pangolins and its derivatives. The opinions of the population regarding the current state of pangolin in the Tayna Nature Reserve indicate that from 2015 to the present day the common pangolin “Manis tricuspis” has been abundant. Hunters use different hunting techniques, dominated by pickup for the Manis tricuspis, digging burrow, fire at the entrance of the burrow for Manis gigantea and the shotgun for the Manis tetradactyla.

The Current State of China's Freshwater Resources and Related Suggestions

China has many lakes, marshlands and rivers. Due to their uneven geographical distribution and varied degrees of salinity, their exploitable freshwater resources are limited. In the wake of the highspeed growth of national economy in recent years, human infringement upon their natural settings has been increasingly intense, leading to the degeneration of China's lacustrine ecosystems and the degradation of their surrounding environments. Lakes are shrinking and becoming more saline. In arid and semi-arid inland areas, some of them have even disappeared. In addition, lake water pollution and eutrophication in densely populated areas are getting worse, resulting in serious water shortages in some places. Silt deposition in lake basins, water surface shrinkage caused by hectic and irrational reclamation for farmland, the prevalence of flooding and water-logging calamities and ecosystem depletion caused by predatory exploitation of fishery resources, all of these have become restrictive factors in regional sustainable development. The author of this article suggests measures for the protection and sustainable exploitation of limnetic settings in China.

A REVIEW OF THE CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT TREND OF GEOCRYOLOGY THROUGH THE VI ICOP

Based on the review of the papers and other related material submitted to the conference, the status quo and developmental trends of geocryology is briefly discussed.

Distribution and Current State of Rare and Endangered Tulips (Liliaceae) Arid Zones of Uzbekistan

Central Asia is considered to be the primary center of origin and diversity for the genus Tulipa L. (Liliaceae). The article considers the species of rare and endemic Tulipa L. species in the arid regions of Uzbekistan. There are nine registered species of the genus Tulipa. In the course of the study, the demographic indicators of the modern population of 39 populations were evaluated. 39 populations of the studied species were identified, most of which grow in the composition of the wormwood formations characteristic of the Turanian floristic province.

The Current State of Cenopopulation of <i>Tulipa micheliana</i>Hoog in Uzbekistan

The current state of coenotic populations of rare and endangered species of Uzbekistan-Tulipa micheliana Hoog is given. Based on the analysis of demographic indicators and a number of organisms and population signs, the state of the cenotic populations of the species was assessed, during the 2012-2018 years studied 15 cenopopulations different ecological-phytocenotic conditions in Uzbekistan.

Distribution and Current State Cenopopulations of <i>Helichrysum maracandicum</i>Popov ex Kirp. in Uzbekistan

The current state of coenotic populations of rare and endangered species of Uzbekistan Helichrysum maracandicum is given. The range of species distribution is broad. The article contains 12 cenopopulations of Helichrysum maracandicum in Uzbekistan, which have considerable healing properties. During the researches, no censorship marks were recorded in any cenopopulation. Approximately, 1, 5, 11 censorpopulations were found to be close to optimal conditions. This indicates that adequate amounts of precipitation in these areas throughout the year have a positive impact on the growth and development of the plant. Most of the cenopopulations were transmitted to younger and transient states.

Robust Nonlinear Current Sensorless Control of the Boost Converter with Constant Power Load

The boost converter feeding a constant power load (CPL) is a non-minimum phase system that is prone to the destabilizing effects of the negative incremental resistance of the CPL and presents a major challenge in the design of stabilizing controllers. A PWM-based current-sensorless robust sliding mode controller is developed that requires only the measurement of the output voltage. An extended state observer is developed to estimate a lumped uncertainty signal that comprises the uncertain load power and the input voltage, the converter parasitics, the component uncertainties and the estimation of the derivative of the output voltage needed in the implementation of the controller. A linear sliding surface is used to derive the controller, which is simple in its design and yet exhibits excellent features in terms of robustness to external disturbances, parameter uncertainties, and parasitics despite the absence of the inductor’s current feedback. The robustness of the controller is validated by computer simulations.

Current State of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Infantile Cytomegaloviral Hepatitis

Cytomegaloviral hepatitis is an infantile liver disease commonly encountered in China, which could be differentiated into 4 patterns with different clinical conditions. Along with the progress of laboratory diagnostic techniques, multiple diagnostic approaches are available for this disease, but accurate diagnosis can only be made when individual patients＇ realities are taken into consideration. Clinical treatments are various, and the Western medicine used is mainly anti-viral agents such as Ganciclovir, and so far no unified therapeutic program has been formed. More and more ways of regarding Chinese medicine treatment of cytomegaloviral hepatitis have been published increasingly in recent years, though further research to seek preferable treatment programs is still expected.

Asymptotical consensus of fractional-order multi-agent systems with current and delay states

In this paper,we study some new fractional-order multi-agent systems with current and delay states (FMASCD).Using the generalized Nyquist's stability criterion and Gerschgorin's circle theorem,we obtain the bounded input-bounded output (BIBO) stability and asymptotical consensus of the FMASCD under mild conditions.Moreover,we give some numerical examples to illustrate our main results.

A NEW APPROACH TO THE EQUATIONS FOR THE STEADY STATE CURRENTS AT MICROELECTRODES:EC'PROCESSES(SECOND ORDER REACTION)

With a new approach,the general current expressions of two typical second order catalytic reactions at microelectrodes are obtained.This allows the study of fast chemical reactions and systems where the reactants are present in similar concentrations.

Two-dimensional analysis of the interface state effect on current gain for a 4H-SiC bipolar junction transistor

This paper studies two-dimensional analysis of the surface state effect on current gain for a 4H-SiC bipolar junction transistor （BJT）. Simulation results indicate the mechanism of current gain degradation, which is surface Fermi level pinning leading to a strong downward bending of the energy bands to form the channel of surface electron recombination current. The experimental results are well-matched with the simulation, which is modeled by exponential distributions of the interface state density replacing the single interface state trap. Furthermore, the simulation reveals that the oxide quality of the base emitter junction interface is very important for 4H-SiC BJT performance.

The Current Profile of Tokamaks in Minimum Dissipation States

The principle of minimum dissipation rate is applied to tokamak plasmas with energy and helicity balances imposed as two constraints. The analytical solution on toroidal current distribution are derived from the resulting Euler-Lagrangian equation. Three typical forms of current profiles are found for low-aspect-ratio tokamaks like NSTX. One of them decreases with r on equatorial plane, the second peaks in the inner half part on equatorial plane and the third may have a hole or reverse in the central part.

Low voltage substrate current： a monitor for interface states generation in ultra-thin oxide n-MOSFETs under constant voltage stresses

The low voltage substrate current （Ib） has been studied based on generation kinetics and used as a monitor of interface states （Nit） generation for ultra-thin oxide n-MOSFETs under constant voltage stress. It is found that the low voltage Ib is formed by electrons tunnelling through interface states, and the variations of Ib（△Ib） are proportional to variations of Nit （△Nit）. The Nit energy distributions were determined by differentiating Nit（Vg）. The results have been compared with that measured by using gate diode technique.

中美新局势下的贸易摩擦——动因、影响及我国对策

近年来,美国打着“国家安全”和“公平贸易”的幌子,对中国采取了一系列不公正的强硬措施,标志着两国关系进入新局势。美国发起贸易战,名义是平衡贸易关系,实则意图遏制中国经济发展和技术进步,以维护其全球霸主地位。美国拜登政府沿袭了特朗普政府对华贸易政策,以冷战思维与“零和”博弈为基调,通过关税战、芯片战、汇率战和金融战,使中美贸易摩擦蔓延至经济、科技、文化、社会等多个领域,深层次地影响中美经贸合作的长远利益。因此,在新局势下,中国须保持战略定力,构建高效投资框架和应急响应机制,探索“中国式区域合作”新模式,促进内部变革与区域合作协同发展,推动产业技术升级,完善市场体系,优化投资结构,稳固在新国际格局中的地位。

Steady-state entanglement and heat current of two coupled qubits in two baths without rotating wave approximation

We study the steady-state entanglement and heat current of two coupled qubits, in which two qubits are connected with two independent heat baths(IHBs) or two common heat baths(CHBs). We construct the master equation in the eigenstate representation of two coupled qubits to describe the dynamics of the total system and derive the solutions in the steadystate with stronger coupling regime between two qubits than qubit–baths. We do not make the rotating wave approximation(RWA) for the qubit–qubit interaction, and so we are able to investigate the behaviors of the system in both the strong coupling regime and the weak coupling regime, respectively. In an equilibrium bath, we find that the entanglement decreases with the bath temperature and energy detuning increasing under the strong coupling regime. In the weak coupling regime,the entanglement increases with coupling strength increasing and decreases with the bath temperature and energy detuning increasing. In a nonequilibrium bath, the entanglement without RWA is useful for entanglement at lower temperatures.We also study the heat currents of the two coupled qubits and their variations with the energy detuning, coupling strength and low temperature. In the strong(weak) coupling regime, the heat current increases(decreases) with coupling strength increasing when the temperature of one bath is lower(higher) than the other, and the energy detuning leads to a positive(negative) effect when the temperature is low(high). In the weak coupling regime, the variation trend of heat current is opposite to that of coupling strength for the IHB case and the CHB case.

数字平台生态系统的类别划分:研究现状探析与未来展望

基于结构观和过程观的视角,总结了数字平台生态系统类别划分的现有研究。结构观强调按照构成数字平台生态系统的稳定元素和存在单元对其进行类别划分,包括数字平台生态系统的活动单元、行为主体、连接结构和位置层次等。过程观强调按照数字平台生态系统中各组成主体、活动单元与结构元素的相互作用、发展和演化过程对其进行类别划分,包括数字平台生态系统的涌现过程、协作与治理过程、价值创造与分配过程等。以此为基础,依据一元观,从数字平台生态系统的服务对象类型、参与者范围和核心功能等方面出发,构建了数字平台生态系统的一维分类标准。随后,通过整合结构观和过程观,基于数字平台生态系统中层级结构和市场结构以及交易过程和创新过程的两两组合,总结出数字平台生态系统的分类矩阵,阐明审查交易型、主导创新型、自由交易型、开放创新型等4类数字平台生态系统在关系结构、活动过程、适用情境和发展挑战等方面的显著差异化特征。最后,提出针对数字平台生态系统的未来研究展望,以期为数字平台生态系统的管理实践提供指导。

引入ESO的永磁超环面电机无模型预测电流控制

为改善无差拍预测电流控制(DPCC)对永磁超环面电机系统参数的依赖性,研究了引入扩张状态观测器(ESO)的永磁超环面电机无模型预测电流控制(MFPCC-ESO)策略。根据永磁超环面电机的复合转子结构,引入自转运动影响系数与磁势系数,在旋转坐标系下建立该电机的时变数学模型;利用永磁超环面电机系统的输入与输出,建立该电机具有时变比例因子的超局部模型,同时引入ESO对超局部模型的干扰部分进行实时估计,并利用朱利稳定判据证明了ESO的稳定性;结合延时补偿的DPCC预测得到参考电压矢量,从而实现永磁超环面电机的MFPCC-ESO策略。对参数匹配和失配下永磁超环面电机MFPCC-ESO策略与DPCC策略进行对比分析,仿真结果表明:MFPCC-ESO策略下的永磁超环面电机具有优越的动态和稳态性能及强鲁棒性,同时该控制策略还能有效降低永磁超环面电机的输出波动。

大学公共俄语教学现状与教学改进建议

近几年,随着选择俄语作为高考外语考试科目的考生人数上升,进入大学后选修俄语为公共外语的学生也逐年增多。然而,在教学过程中我们发现,大部分俄语新生的词汇量、阅读与翻译能力、言语交际能力尚达不到大学俄语教学指南和大纲的基本入学要求。德州学院对全国35所高校的公共俄语教学情况进行了为期两年的跟踪调研,针对当前高校俄语生源成绩呈橄榄形分布的特点和学生需求,提出了适当增加公共俄语课时,优化师资配置,艺体生、文科生、理科生分班教学,更新细化教材内容,多校联合教学教研,为学生提供口语实践机会等建议,以提升大学公共俄语整体教学水平,为国家输送既懂专业又精通俄语的合格人才。