Vegetative propagation of Litsea monopetala, a wild tropical medicinal plant: Effects of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on stem cuttings

In this study we investigated the rooting ability and the growth performance of juvenile single-node leafy stem cuttings of Litsea monopetala （Roxb） Pers. collected from two mature mother trees preserved in the hill forest of Chittagong district, Bangladesh. The rooting ability of cuttings was studied under 0%, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4% indole-3-butyric acid （IBA） treatments. Significantly better rooting response （p ≤ 0.05） was observed with 0.1% IBA compared to control （0% IBA）. The mean number of roots and the length of the longest root of cuttings in different treatments showed no significant difference （p≤0.05）. After transfer into polythene bags from non-mist propagator, rooted cuttings treated with 0%, 0.1% and 0.2% IBA demonstrated the highest （100 ± 0.00%） survival capacity. The mean number of shoots developed in cuttings in the polythene bags in first three weeks varied significantly （p≤0.05） among the treatments. Effects of three fertilizer treatments, viz. T0 （no fertilizer）, T1 （10g Urea, 20g TSP, 10g MOP dissolved in 1 L water） and T2 （10g Urea, 20g TSP, 10g MOP dissolved in 2 L water） on initial growth ofstecklings were also measured over a 90-days period. The increment of leaf area of stecklings was significantly higher （p≤0.05） under T0 compared with that under T1 and T2 while the increment of stem length, collar diameter and root biomass varied insignificantly among different fertilizer treatments. The results suggest that rooting juvenile single-node leafy stem cuttings could be an effective mean of regenerating L. monopetala. The application of 0.1% IBA concentration is recommended for rooting of juvenile leafy stem cuttings and application of fertilizer appeared unnecessary for the subsequent growth of stecklings in polythene bags.

Vegetative propagation of Aesculus indica through stem cuttings treated with plant growth regulators

Cuttage propagation of Aesculus indica was tested by treatments with different concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid(IAA) @ 2000, 4000(ppm), indolebutyric acid(IBA) @ 2000, 4000(ppm) and naphthlcetic acid(NAA) @ 2000, 4000(ppm) in dry formulation in the Forest Nursery, Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST-K, Shalimar.The cuttings treated with IBA @ 4000 ppm and IBA @ 2000 ppm had a sprouting rate of 75% and 50%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of control and other treatments.The highest rooting rate(50%) was recorded in the cuttings with the application of IBA @ 4000 ppm.The cuttings treated with IBA @ 2000 ppm had 25% rooting rate.All other treatments along with control(talc powder) failed to induce rooting.It was concluded that IBA @ 4000 ppm was a better-applied concentration for vegetative propagation of A.indica under Kashmir conditions.

Vegetative propagation of Holarrhena pubescens,a wild tropical medicinal plant:effect of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on stem cuttings

The present study investigated the rooting ability and growth performance of juvenile single-node leafy stem cuttings of Holarrhena pubescens, collected from two mature mother trees preserved in the hill forests of Chittagong District, Bangladesh. The rooting ability of cuttings was studied with 0, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4% indole-3-butyric acid （IBA） treatments. The better rooting response was observed with 0.1% IBA, but was insignificant compared to other treatments. The mean number of roots and length of the longest root of cuttings in different treatments showed no significant difference. After transfer to the polythene bags from a nonmist propagator, rooted cuttings treated with 0.4% IBA demonstrated the highest （50.00± 0.78%） survival capacity. Regarding initial growth of established rooted cuttings （stecklings） over a 90 d period, the increment of stem length of stecklings under T2 （10 g Urea, 20 g TSP, 10 g MOP dissolved in 2 L water） and leaf area expansion of stecklings under T1 （10 g Urea, 20 g TSP, 10 g MOP dissolved in 1 L water） was significantly higher （p 〈 0.05） compared with that under TO （no fertilizer）. The increment of collar diameter and root biomass production varied insignificantly among different fertilizer concentrations, although stecklings under T2 showed the better performance. The results suggest that rooting juvenile single-node leafy stem cuttings can be an effective mean of regenerating H. pubescens. The application of 0.1% IBA or without IBA is recommended for rooting juvenile leafy stem cuttings. Application of fertilizer appears necessary for subsequent growth of stecklings in polythene bags.

Rooting of Stem Cuttings with Different Indole 3 Butyric Acid (IBA) Treatments and Development of Micropropagation Protocol for <i>Piper betle</i>L. Node Culture

The present study, conducted during 2016 and 2017 seasons, aimed to investigate the effect of IBA on rooting of Piper betle L. stem cuttings (softwood and semi-hardwood). The experiment was undertaken in misting house field 2 UPM using the sand media to determine the adventitious roots initiation and development using the histological method. The cuttings were treated with different IBA concentrations (0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/L). The nodes explants were used in the development of a protocol for in vitro propagation of P. betle L., with different concentrations of Clorox with different times of immersion (20% Clorox 10 minutes, 30% Clorox 10 minutes, 20% Clorox 20 minutes, and 30% 20 minutes). In multiplication of the plantlets, Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different concentrations of BAP (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/L) were used to investigate the rooting of the explants. The results indicated that the types of the cuttings were different in the rooting capacity and the length of the roots. Moreover, it was found that in comparison with the control treatment, by a rise in the concentrations of the IBA, there was a significant upsurge in the rooting percentage, the root diameter, and the number of the roots. The results indicated that the types of cutting with 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/L IBA perform better in the root percentage (100%) in the semi hardwood cuttings. The best results, however, were 2000 mg/L IBA in the semi hardwood cuttings, with the number of the roots to be 35.05, and the fresh weight of the roots to be 3.94 g, the dry weight of the roots to be 0.33 g, the length of the roots to be 391.88 cm, the roots diameter to be 1.21 mm, the surface area of the roots to be 121.83 cm2, and the root volume to be 2.99 cm3. Nonetheless, the optimal concentration of Clorox with the time immersion was 20% with the 20-minute immersion time, which produced a shoot induction percentage of 30% dead explants and a mean number of 70.00 shoots per explant and the optimal concentration of benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 1.0 mg/L. It is of note that a shoot induction percentage of 22.29% and a mean number of 4.1% number of auxiliary bud per treatment. P. betle shoots in MS medium without PGR MS (0.0) yielded a good rooting.

Rooting of Stem Cuttings of <i>Jatropha platyphylla</i>(Euphorbiaceae) in the Obtaining of Axillary Buds for Grafting

Jatropha platyphylla is considered as a potential source of edible protein, oil, and phenolic compounds with anti-inflammatory activity. The use of stem cutting in vegetative propagation and grafting is as indispensable tools for mass multiplication of superior genotypes and helps in improve planting yield and quality. The study was aimed to investigate the effect of different diameters (10 - 15, 16 - 25 and 26 - 35 mm) and different hormone concentrations of indo-butyric acid (0, 1.5, 3, 6 and 10 g/L), in the rooting of Jatropha platyphylla and to obtain axillary buds to performed grafts. Rooting efficiency was 80% in greenhouse conditions. Hormone concentration and diameter significantly affected the rooting and shooting ability of Jatropha platyphylla stem cuttings. Stem cuttings of 26 - 35 mm have the greatest number, length and dry root weight. 76% survival of the grafted plants was obtained. This demonstrates the necessity to improve the conventional propagation methods with appropriate scientific inputs for more economical and time efficient techniques for standard propagation protocols.

Clonal propagation of guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) by stem cutting from mature stockplants

The study describes the scope of clonal propagation of guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) by stem cutting collected from mature stockplants. Cuttings were treated with 0, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.8% IBA solution and rooted in the non-mist propagator. Rooted cuttings were allowed to grow in the polybags filled with soil and cow-dung mixed in the ratio of 3: 1 (by volume) for three months to assess the steckling capacity and initial growth performance. The study reveals that the species is amenable for clonal propagation by mature stem cutting. The highest rooting percentage (60%) was observed in the cuttings treated with 0.4% IBA solution followed by 0.2% IBA and the lowest was in controlled cuttings. The maximum number of primary root (32.7) was developed in the cuttings treated with 0.8% IBA solution followed by 0.4% IBA and the lowest was in the cuttings without IBA treatment. The highest survival percentage (70.9) was observed in the cuttings rooted with 0.4% IBA treatment and the lowest (58.3) was in the cuttings without any treatment. However, there was no significant variation in height growth of cutlings due to IBA treatments in rooting.

Development of a Procedure to Maximize Production of Hardy Rootstocks of Citrus Using Stem Cuttings

Shoots of Citrus sp. Kuharske were used to develop protocols for rooting reportedly HLB resistance rootstocks under intermittent mist. Investigated were shoot maturity, nodes per cutting, leaves per cutting, effects of buds, auxin concentrations and auxin solvent. Shoot maturity was most influential for success, with cuttings taken below the first 30 cm of active terminal growth producing greater root generation. Use of a thickening agent (Natrosal) to dilute the commercial auxin was second most in importance for rooting success. Root mass increased with increasing number of leaves. Cutting stems between nodes or below the lowest bud were inconsequential. To produce maximum number of viable cuttings, single node-single leaf cuttings were preferred. Single bud cuttings produced one shoot after rooting. This was adventitious since multi-node cuttings usually sprouted new shoots that would need to be removed before budded. Evaluation of the best combination of auxin and cutting-related attributes were evaluated with four additional common rootstocks in June 2016. Rooting was 100% successful. A quick dip (0.5 s) in a 7500 ppm solution of Dip&Gro produced the most root generation in six weeks for all rootstocks. Root quantity varied by rootstock.

簇生番茄果梗超声切割过程仿真与试验

为揭示超声技术应用于簇生番茄切割采收的机理及优势,比较了簇生番茄果梗材料在常规切割和超声切割中的切割力和去除特性。首先测定了簇生番茄果梗和自制超声切割刀的参数,然后基于Abaqus进行仿真,将果梗纤维化,在宏观和微观仿真中对比常规切割和超声切割过程中的应力及去除机理。最后,自制试验台,通过改变超声切割刀的激振频率、输入电压、切割速度和切割角度进行切割力测定试验并采用响应面法的Box-Behnken进行四因素三水平分析,随后观察果梗断面形貌。结果表明:在自制超声刀工作频率(35~37 kHz)和电压(340~380 V)内,切割速度、角度对切割效果影响最显著,激振频率和输入电压在特定值附近时切割效果最好;在36 kHz、360 V、0.125 cm/s、0°的条件下,仿真中超声切割耗时约为8 s,平均最大切割力为0.635 N,相对于常规切割(1.019 N)降低37.7%;试验中超声切割耗时约为5.3 s,所需切割力最大为0.543 N,相较于常规最大切割力(1.017 N)降低46.6%,同时表面粗糙度降低20.9%,试验与有限元仿真的切割力结果误差为8.9%,基本吻合。超声切割可以降低切割力,缩短切割耗时,同时还提高断面质量,减少果梗组织损伤、水分散失,对延长果实保鲜时间具有一定的意义。

不同堵塞条件下硬岩隧道直眼掏槽破岩效果数值模拟研究

为研究不同堵塞材料及堵塞长度对硬岩隧道直眼掏槽爆破效果的影响,依托工程实例,采用ANSYS/LS一DYNA仿真模拟软件建立三维数值模型,对5种不同堵塞条件展开研究。根据数值模型计算结果,对掏槽区域爆破裂纹拓展情况进行了定性分析,对典型部位的岩石受力情况进行了定量分析。结果表明:1)自由面岩石主要受拉应力作用产生裂纹,炮孔堵塞使得爆炸荷载整体作用时间延长,致使自由面上裂纹更加密集;2)位于炸药和堵塞材料之间空气段附近的围岩,先受爆炸应力波作用岩石被压碎,后受力在拉压应力之间多次转化,致使裂纹被放大,结合爆生气体发挥的“气楔”作用,使得裂纹几乎贯穿模型截面;3)炮孔堵塞后炸药段周围岩石受到的爆生气体作用应力值显著提升,比不堵塞时的炸药段周围岩石峰值应力高出1.31~2.34倍,炮孔堵塞使得爆生气体持续稳定发挥作用时的压应力值提高3.70~4.70倍;4)以黏土和水作为堵塞材料时,堵塞长度为40cm的直眼掏槽破岩效果优于堵塞长度为60cm的效果。研究成果可为优化硬岩隧道直眼掏槽爆破参数提供理论基础。

柠檬醛猴樟组培苗幼态茎段扦插研究

以柠檬醛猴樟组培苗枝条为材料,研究其茎段、IBA、扦插基质和扦插时间对生根的影响。结果表明,柠檬醛猴樟组培苗幼态茎段的生根率达89.58%,其生根率、根数和根长均显著高于扦插苗茎段;IBA能够显著促进柠檬醛猴樟组培苗幼态茎段的生根,组培苗幼态茎段生根最适IBA浓度为3000 mg/L,生根率达94.79%;清水处理组培苗幼态茎段的生根率为67.71%,高于扦插苗茎段的生根率(54.17%),这是由于柠檬醛猴樟组培苗被诱导恢复了生根能力;蛭石和松树皮混合基质对柠檬醛猴樟组培苗幼态茎段的生根有显著影响,蛭石和松树皮按2∶1或1∶1配比混合茎段的生根率较高,分别为94.79%和91.67%;扦插时间对柠檬醛猴樟组培苗幼态茎段的生根也有显著影响,5月底和7月底扦插,茎段的生根率达到85%以上,9月底扦插茎段的生根率稍低,为72.92%。

甘薯扦插期防治甘薯茎基部腐烂病试验研究

为了有效预防甘薯茎基部腐烂病,保障甘薯产业可持续健康发展。2022年选用‘浙薯38’和‘广台薯1号’2个品种,从5月12日开始,每隔14 d扦插一期,共8期,开展了不同扦插期防治甘薯茎基部腐烂病试验。结果表明,扦插期越早甘薯茎基部腐烂病发病株数越多,扦插期越迟发病越轻,病株数也越少。经方差分析和显著性测定扦插期与株发病率相关性达极显著水平,两者的关系用对数函数建立数据模型,y=-11.8429lnx+54.8861,相关系数r值=-0.938>R_(0.01)[2,6]=0.834,达极显著水平;鲜薯产量测产结果表明,越迟扦插产量越低,产量差异的F值=11.29569>F_(0.01)[7,14]=4.28,达极显著标准。综合防病与甘薯产量分析,以6月9日前后扦插为宜,既防病又能获得高产,这对防控甘薯茎基部腐烂病有积极的指导意义。

茎莴苣F6′H家族基因鉴定及其与鲜切莴苣褐变的关系初探

为深入探究阿魏酰-CoA-6′-羟化酶(feruloyl-CoA 6′-hydroxylase, F6′H)在鲜切莴苣褐变过程中的作用及机制,本研究通过Blastp结合结构域筛选的方法从茎莴苣基因组中搜索鉴定F6′H家族成员,并对其进行生物信息学分析及褐变过程中的表达分析,同时测定了鲜切莴苣贮藏过程中褐变度和总酚含量的变化。结果表明,共鉴定出11个茎莴苣F6′Hs基因,其编码蛋白均为定位于细胞质中的亲水蛋白,氨基酸数在181~840个之间,分子量在20.74~93.35 kDa之间,等电点在5.16~8.36之间,脂肪系数在82.28~102.98之间,不稳定指数为26.13~55.39。鲜切莴苣贮藏过程中LsF6′H9基因明显上调表达,LsF6′H3和LsF6′H11在贮藏4~6 d上调表达,其余基因下调表达或变化较小;褐变度逐渐升高,总酚含量先升高后降低,贮藏6 d时最高。相关性分析结果显示,总酚含量与褐变度呈显著正相关,表明酚类的积累可能是导致鲜切莴苣发生褐变的重要因素;褐变度及总酚含量均与LsF6′H1、LsF6′H2、LsF6′H3、LsF6′H4、LsF6′H9、LsF6′H10和LsF6′H11的表达量呈正相关,特别是总酚含量与LsF6′H9表达量呈极显著正相关,褐变度与LsF6′H9表达量呈显著正相关,表明LsF6′H9可能在鲜切莴苣褐变中扮演重要角色。本研究结果可为深入探究F6′H在鲜切莴苣褐变过程中的作用及机制提供理论依据。

Large Scale Multiplication of Casuarina junghuhniana Miq. Clonal Plants through Mini-cutting Technique

The modern concept of meeting the customer’s requirements in better products at low costs in a sustainable manner is possible only through innovative methods.The nodal cutting technique is the most widely used method for large scale propagation of Casuarina,Eucalyptus and other pulpwood species in India.Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers Limited(TNPL)has started large scale multiplication of Casuarina junghuhniana Miq.using mini-cutting technique from indoor clonal mini hedges raised in sand beds.When compared to stem/nodal cuttings,indoor clonal mini hedges raised in sand beds improve the rooting potential,quality of root systems and are time-and cost-saving.The productivity of cuttings is increased five times in indoor clonal hedge orchard than conventional stem/nodal cutting.The rooting percentage also improved to 90%without rooting hormone whereas the same is only 50%in stem cutting.The plant developed through mini-cutting technique has more lateral root system which helps the plants/trees to withstand during heavy winds.Replacing such stump derived stock plants by intensively managing indoor sand bed clonal mini hedges resulted in a noticeable enhancement of cutting capacity for adventitious rooting as well as the overall quality of the plants produced in much shorter period with easier and cheaper maintenance.The study reveals that mini-cutting method is ideal propagation technique for large scale propagation of C.junghuhniana clones in India.

Effect of Leafy and Leafless Greenwood, Softwood and Hardwood Cuttings Success of <i>Garcinia kola</i>(Heckel)

Garcinia kola Heckel, called “petit cola” in Côte d’Ivoire and “bitter kola” in Nigeria, is a Non-Timber Forest Product of great socioeconomic importance. Unfortunately, this species is threatened due to overexploitation and deforestation. This study tested the effect of leaf area on stem cuttings to regenerate vegetatively in a non-mist poly-propagator without using exogenous hormones. Three stem cuttings types: greenwood, softwood and hardwood (12 - 15 cm in length) were collected from 24-month years old seedlings. The two top leaves of each cutting type were conserved at different leaf area: 0 cm2, 28.25 cm2, 56.5 cm2, 84.75 cm2 and 113 cm2 (entire leaf area). Observations were made on rooting, sprouting and leafing abilities of cuttings depending to treatments applied. Results showed that all cutting types have presented good ability to shooting and rooting. Cuttings with 113 cm2 leaf areas presented the best rooting (94.44% ± 2.42%) and shouting (95.55% ± 2.42%) percentage and longest primary root length (12.03 ± 0.50 cm). Hardwood, softwood and greenwood cuttings with 113 cm2 leaf area had the best rooting percentage (96.66% ± 3.33%, 96.66% ± 5.77% and 90.00% ± 5.77% respectively). The longest primary root length (13.50 ± 0.97 cm) was observed to greenwood cuttings with 113 cm2 leaf area. Regenerated plants in the forest presented well survival percentage (96.66%). This study shows that it is possible to regenerate entire plants by cuttings without using external hormones in non-mist poly-propagator.

基于改进YOLO v5s的甘蔗切种茎节特征识别定位技术

为了实现甘蔗智能横向切种工作站的精准、高效的自动化切种,针对工厂化切种任务的特点,提出了一种基于改进YOLO v5s的甘蔗茎节特征边缘端识别与定位方法。首先,利用张正友相机标定法对摄像头进行畸变矫正;然后对甘蔗茎节数据集进行数据增强,利用原始的YOLO v5s模型进行训练和测试,结果显示数据增强能一定程度上提高检测精度。针对茎节特征目标小以及模型体积大导致检测精度低、部署难度高等问题,对YOLO v5s的骨干网络进行改进,在SPPF特征融合模块前引入坐标注意力(Coordinate attention,CA)模块和Ghost轻量化结构,在Head网络中剔除P5大目标检测头,得到了改进后甘蔗茎节检测模型YOLO v5s-CA-BackboneGhost-p34,测试结果表明该模型优于其他主流算法和原始模型,具有高精度、小体积等优势。其中,平均精度均值1和平均精度均值2分别提高5.2、16.5个百分点,模型浮点数计算量和内存占用量分别降低42%和51%。最后,为了提高检测速度和实时性,将模型部署于边缘端,利用TensorRT技术加快检测速度,并在传送速度为0.15 m/s的甘蔗智能横向切种工作站上完成实际切种实验。实验结果表明,加速后茎节检测速度达到95 f/s,实时检测定位平均误差约为2.4 mm,切种合格率为100%,漏检率0.4%,说明本文提出的模型具有高度可靠性和实用性,可以为甘蔗横向切种工作站的工厂化、智能化以及标准化应用提供有效的技术支持。

茶树夏季短穗扦插快速成苗技术研究

【目的】短穗扦插是茶树繁育的主要方法,多在秋季进行,但其育苗周期长、越冬管理成本高,为此本研究构建一种节本高效的快育技术,为茶树良种快速推广与应用提供保障。【方法】分别用不同植物生长调节剂处理‘中茶108’国家级良种短穗后再进行扦插,并对扦插后茶苗的生长指标和内源激素含量进行测定和统计。【结果】碧护+生根粉处理显著提高扦插苗成活率(96.7%)和出圃率(87.8%),其中成活率(2021年10月28日)较对照(清水处理组)和生根粉处理组分别提高了10.4%和9.2%、出圃率较对照和生根粉处理组分别提高了16.7%和20%。内源激素测定结果表明,碧护+生根粉处理的幼苗叶片中茉莉酸含量显著高于对照和生根粉处理组,分别是其2.64倍和1.29倍,其余4种激素含量无明显差异。【结论】夏季扦插时,碧护+生根粉处理显著提高了扦插苗的成活率和出圃率,相较传统秋季扦插,育苗周期缩短5~6个月。

再造梗丝回填工艺参数对加料均匀性的影响

为了提高再造梗丝加工过程中回填加料的均匀性,分析测试了再造梗丝回填工艺参数(空白梗丝水分、回填液温度、回填液浓度、挤压压力、拨辊频率)对回填加料均匀性的影响。结果显示:(1)随着空白梗丝水分增加回填加料均匀性系数呈现先上升再下降的趋势;(2)随着回填液浓度逐步升高,加料均匀性系数呈现缓慢下降趋势,浓度超过36%时,加料均匀性系数下降趋势急剧加大;(3)随着回填液温度升高,加料均匀性系数呈现上升趋势,温度超过37℃时,加料均匀性系数变化趋势减缓;(4)随着拨辊频率的提高,加料均匀性系数呈现先增大后下降的趋势,产品碎丝率在回填加料机拨辊频率调整至48HZ时出现急剧上升趋势;(5)随着挤压压力的增加,回填加料均匀性系数呈现上升的趋势。

生根粉对丹参茎扦插生根的影响

为确定生根粉对丹参茎扦插生根的影响,采用二因素随机区组试验设计,以4年生丹参茎为材料,珍珠岩为基质,使用不同质量浓度的生根粉处理丹参茎段。结果表明:丹参茎扦插生根以腋(侧)芽基部分生组织产生不定根为主要生根类型,此外,还有愈伤组织生根、皮部生根。生根粉0.2 g/L处理6,12 h;0.5 g/L处理3 h,生根率最高,达100%。扦插后第60天起,丹参根开始现红,现红率12.22%;扦插第148天现红率达54.55%。