Microbiological Quality of Cyperus esculentus L. Products Sold in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)

This study aimed to assess the microbiological quality of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) products sold in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso. The microbial load of tubers and tiger nut milk was determined using ISO 4833-1 (2003) standard (total mesophilic aerobic flora), NF ISO 7954 (1998) standard (yeasts and molds), and ISO 4832 (2006) standard (total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms). The results showed that tiger nut tubers had an average microbial load between 4.86 ± 7.03 × 106 UFC/g and 1.82 ± 2.30 × 107 UFC/g for total mesophilic aerobic flora, from 4.34 ± 10.6 × 105 UFC/g to 3.52 ± 4.54 × 106 UFC/g for yeasts and molds, from 2.23 ± 2.25 × 105 UFC/g to 1.41 ± 2.16 × 105 UFC/g for total coliforms and from 1.83 ± 2.03 × 105 UFC/g to 7.0 ± 10.8 × 104 CFU/g for thermotolerant coliforms. For tiger nut milk samples, the average microbial load varied from 3.48 ± 2.98 × 106 CFU/g to 2.80 ± 5.69 × 107 CFU/g for total mesophilic aerobic flora, from 5.00 ± 7.21 × 104 CFU/g to 1.88 ± 3.31 × 105 CFU/g for yeasts and molds, from 4.58 ± 10.4 × 104 CFU/g to 6.31 ± 9.17 × 105 CFU/g for total coliforms and 7.00 ± 7.00 × 103 CFU/g to 2.87 ± 5.86 × 105 CFU/g for thermotolerant coliforms. This study revealed that the tubers and tiger nut milk sold in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso had a high microbial load which could lead to the degradation of these products and food poisoning for consumers.

Phytoremediation potential of Cyperus rotundus for diesel-contaminated wetland

Oil spills may considerably damage sensitive coastal wetlands. The phytoremediation potential and restoration of a dominant coastal marsh plant, Cyperus rotundus, for diesel pollutant and its phytoremediation effectiveness were investigated in this open-air pot experiment. Cyperus rotundus was transplanted into soil contaminated with diesel at concentrations of 1 000, 5 000, 10 000, 15 000, 20 000 mg/kg. In order to better elucidate the biochemical and physiological responses to diesel pollutants, activity of the antioxidant enzymes peroxidase （POD）, catalase （CAT） and ascorbic acid oxidase （AAO） were determined in the plant tissue after 50 d treatment at the levels mentioned above. The results showed that CAT and AAO of stem and leaf exhibited peak enzyme activities on 15 000 mg/kg soil and 10 000 mg/kg soil respectively, and declined at higher concentrations. Additionally, the increment of biomass and the content of soluble protein, as well as chlorophyll content were affected by diesel. The highest restoration effectiveness appeared at the level of 5 000 mg/kg. Collectively, Cyperus rotundus is a potential plant which can be used for restoring the diesel-contaminated soil.

UHPLC法测定香附子中活性成分cyperusphenol A含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱测定香附子药材中cyperusphenol A含量的方法,为香附子的合理质量控制提供依据。方法:采用Poroshell 120 EC-C_(18)色谱柱(3.0×150mm,1.8μm),流动相乙腈-水(25∶75,V∶V),检测波长280nm。结果:Cyperusphenol A在0.848~8.48μg·m L^(-1)范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9999(n=6),加样回收率99.3%,RSD=1.01%(n=6);6批香附子药材中cyperusphenol A的含量为3.85~9.94μg·g^(-1)。结论:cyperusphenol A为香附子药材中的特征活性成分,所建立的含测方法操作简便,结果可靠,可作为香附子药材质量控制的指标性成分。

香附中mesocyperusphenol A的含量测定研究

目的建立香附中mesocyperusphenol A的超高效液相色谱(UHPLC)含量测定方法,为香附的合理质量控制提供依据。方法采用Poroshell 120 EC-C_(18)色谱柱(3.0 mm×150 mm,1.8μm),流动相乙腈-水(28∶72,V∶V),检测波长:325 nm。结果 Mesocyperusphenol A在0.784~7.84μg·m L^(-1)范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 7(n=6),加样回收率为101.6%,RSD=1.39%(n=9);6批香附药材中mesocyperusphenol A的含量为3.72~10.00μg·g^(-1)。结论 Mesocyperusphenol A为香附子药材中的特征活性成分,所建立的测定方法操作简便可靠,可为香附药材的质量控制提供依据。

Neuroprotection of Cyperus esculentus L. orientin against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced brain injury

Orientin is a flavonoid monomer.In recent years,its importance as a source of pharmacological active substance is growing rapidly due to its properties such as anti-myocardial ischemia,anti-apoptosis,anti-radiation,anti-tumor,and anti-aging.However,the neuroprotective effects of Orientin on stroke injury have not been comprehensively evaluated.The aim of the present study was thus to investigate the neuroprotective capacity and the potential mechanisms of Cyperus esculentus L.orientin(CLO)from Cyperus esculentus L.leaves against ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury using standard orientin as control.For in vitro studies,we treated HT22 cells with CoCl2 as an in vitro ischemic injury model.HT22 cells in the control group were treated with CoCl2.For in vivo studies,we used rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion,and animals that received sham surgery were used as controls.We found that CLO protected CoCl2-induced HT22 cells against ischemia/reperfusion injury by lowering lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species formation as well as decreasing protein oxidation.However,CLO did not reduce the release of lactate dehydrogenase nor increase the activity of superoxide dismutase.Results showed that CLO could decrease neurological deficit score,attenuate brain water content,and reduce cerebral infarct volume,leading to neuroprotection during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Our studies indicate that CLO flavonoids can be taken as a natural antioxidant and bacteriostastic substance in food and pharmaceutical industry.The molecular mechanisms of CLO could be at least partially attributed to the antioxidant properties and subsequently inhibiting activation of casepase-3.All experimental procedures and protocols were approved on May 16,2016 by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Xinjiang Medical University of China(approval No.IACUC20160516-57).

HPLC法同时测定不同产地香附药材中香附烯酮、圆柚酮和α-香附酮

目的建立HPLC法同时定量测定香附中3种特征性成分香附烯酮、圆柚酮和α-香附酮,并对不同产地香附样品进行测定。方法香附甲醇提取液的分析采用Phenomenex C18色谱柱（4.6mm×250mm,5μm）,流动相为甲醇-水（68∶32）,检测波长为242nm,体积流量为1.0mL/min,柱温为30℃。结果香附烯酮、圆柚酮和α-香附酮进样量分别在0.260-0.912μg、0.028-0.098μg、0.082-0.286μg内呈现良好的线性关系,平均回收率分别为98.3%（RSD为1.5%）、97.9%（RSD为2.0%）、99.1%（RSD为1.4%）。海南、广东、广西、四川省的11批香附中香附烯酮为1.52-4.80mg/g、圆柚酮为0.04-0.20 mg/g、α-香附酮为0.70-1.99 mg/g。结论同一产地香附中3种成分含有量均呈现香附烯酮〉α-香附酮〉圆柚酮的规律。

不同除草剂对棉田恶性杂草香附子的防除效果及安全性分析

为筛选出棉田防除香附子(Cyperus rotundus L.)的除草剂,选用5种除草剂,采用大田试验,对比分析了其对棉田香附子的防治效果及对棉花生长的安全性。结果表明,药后14 d,75%氯吡嘧磺隆水分散粒剂(WG)和10%吡嘧磺隆可湿性粉剂(WP)对香附子的株防效分别为88.68%和87.71%,极显著高于其他药剂处理;药后21 d,75%氯吡嘧磺隆WG和10%吡嘧磺隆WP对香附子的株防效分别为78.70%和76.04%,极显著高于其他药剂处理;药后28 d,75%氯吡嘧磺隆WG对香附子的株防效和鲜重防效分别为82.37%和91.82%,极显著高于其他药剂处理;安全性分析显示,5种除草剂均对棉花生长安全。

Chemical composition, antiproliferative, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oils from aromatic plants growing in Sudan

Objective: To explore the potential of essential oil, as therapeutic molecule source, from olibanum of Boswellia papyrifera(Burseraceae), leafy stems of Cymbopogon schoenanthus(Poaceae) and Croton zambesicus(Euphorbiaceae) and rhizome of Cyperus rotundus(Cyperaceae) found in Sudan. Respective essential oil was evaluated for antiproliferative, antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Methods: Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and then analysed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry(GCMS). Anti-proliferative activity was determined against human cell lines(MCF7 and MDAMB231, HT29 and HCT116) by the thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide(MTT) procedure. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by diphenyl 2 pycril hydrazil(DPPH) assay. Antibacterial activity was determined against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria by microdilution method. Results: The essential oil from olibanum of Boswellia papyriferacontained mainly alcohol and ester derivatives(46.82%) while monoterpenes(69.84%) dominated in Corton zambesicus oil. Sesquiterpenes were the most highly represented classes of terpene derivatives in Cyperus schoenanthus(71.59%) and Cyperus rotundus(44.26%). Oil of Cymbopogon schoenanthus revealed the best anti-proliferative activity against HCT116 cell line with IC50 value at(19.1 ± 2.0) μg/m L. Oil of Croton zambesicus showed the best antioxidant activity [EC50(4.20 ± 0.19) mg/m L]. All oils showed good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) value ranged from 16 to 250 μg/m L. Conclusions: The results suggest that the essential oils of these plants could be used as a source of natural anti-proliferative, antioxidant and antibacterial agents.

基于GC-MS定性分析结合多成分含量测定评价香附不同部位药用价值

目的利用气相色谱-质谱联用(gas chromatography-mass spectrography,GC-MS)和高效液相(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)技术,探讨香附不同部位(花、茎、根、须)间化学成分变化和含量差异,为非药用部位再利用提供参考。方法采用GC-MS技术研究香附不同部位中的挥发性成分的分布情况,借用HPLC对4种化学成分含量进行含量测定,完成对香附不同部位的定性、定量分析。结果不同部位共检测到49个化学成分,其中花部共指认20个成分,茎部共指认17个成分,根部共指认38个成分,须部共指认17个成分;不同部位共存在8个主要挥发性成分,其中花部与根部8种成分相对含量均接近;定量分析结果显示花部与根部的香附烯酮、α-香附酮和阿魏酸含量接近;聚类分析结果显示多个产地花部与根部可聚为一类。结论花部与根部化学成分较为接近,有较高的开发价值,该结果为香附非药用部位的合理利用和后续研究提供有效的数据支撑。

香附子全长转录组测序及生物信息学分析

目的:通过高通量测序技术获得香附子Cyperus rotundus L.全长转录组的信息特征,为深入挖掘香附子功能基因奠定基础。方法:通过PacBio Sequel高通量测序系统,对香附子根、茎、叶、花4个部位的混样进行全长转录组测序及生物信息学分析。结果:共获得195722条环形一致性序列(CCS)获得188243个高质量转录本,并注释了148563个转录本,检测出4349个转录因子和95118个简单序列重复(simple sequence repeat,SSR)位点,还预测到64929个长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)和45337个mRNA,并通过京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)数据途径分析了13个参与萜烯合酶合成相关的基因,以及7个参与β-石竹烯合成相关的基因。结论:获得了较为可靠的香附子全长转录组数据,这将显著增强对香附子发育过程中植物化学生物合成调控基础的理解,可为深入研究香附子生物学特性、相关代谢途径、信号通路及分子机制提供数据支持。

紫苏、香附及其药对挥发油的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取紫苏、香附和紫苏-香附药对挥发油,GC-MS联用技术分析,峰面积归一化法计算其相对百分含量。紫苏挥发油主要成分为α-蒎烯、(-)-α-荜澄茄油烯等51种成分;香附挥发油主要成分为石竹烯、β-瑟林烯等63种成分;药对紫苏-香附挥发油主要成分为α-香附酮、氧化石竹烯等51种成分,药对挥发油化学成分中发现24种成分来源于各自单味药成分的叠加,但27种成分不存在于单提的挥发油中。

香附药理作用及临床应用的进展

香附为临床上常用中药之一,为中医常用的理气药。具有疏肝理气,调经止痛的作用,而且具有收缩平滑肌,促进胆汁分泌,保肝等现代药理学作用,临床上应用广泛,受到广大医者的认可。香附的化学成分有挥发油生物碱、黄酮、三萜类等。本文主要对香附的化学成分、药理作用及临床作用进行整理和总结,希望能为以后的进一步开发利用提供参考。

INHIBITORY EFFECT OF THE CONSTITUENTS FROM THE RHIZOMES OF CYPERUS ROTUNDUS ON TRPV1 ION CHANNEL

Cyperus rotundus(Cyperaceae)is used as an analgesic and sedative in oriental medicine,and has been reported to exhibit anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects.On the other hand,transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1(TRPV1),the so-called capsaicin receptor,is a nonselective cation channel that senses various noxious chemical and thermal stimuli.However,it has recently

香附挥发油的提取和GC/MS分析

采用中药专用提取剂(PR溶剂)超声波振荡从香附中提取挥发油,用GC/MS法测定其化学成分和相对含量,主要成分为α-可巴烯(1.97%)、香附烯(15.73%)、α-红没药烯(2.14%)、α-古芸烯(1.29%)、2-甲氧基-8-甲基-1,4-萘二酮(4.01%)、β-蛇床烯(17.99%)、氧化-α-依兰烯(3.00%)、4,4α,5,6,7,8-六氢-4α,5-二甲基-3-(1-甲基乙烯基)-2(3H)-萘酮(8.11%)、α-香附酮(26.15%)、长叶松香芹酮(1.11%)等,这些含量较多的成分占香附挥发油总量的81.50%,为建立香附挥发油质量标准提供了科学依据。

香附的超临界二氧化碳萃取研究

分别用超临界二氧化碳萃取和水蒸气蒸馏法对中药香附进行了提取研究 ,并用GC MS对两种提取产物进行了化学成分分析。结果表明 :与水蒸气蒸馏法相比 ,超临界二氧化碳萃取法的出油率增加了 3倍 ,提出的主要药用有效成分如香附子烯、香附酮等的总量增加了 1.3倍 ,而萃取时间仅为水蒸气蒸馏法的 1/ 3;用超临界二氧化碳萃取时 ,较高的萃取温度 (5 5℃ )和中等的萃取压力对萃取有利 ,当压力高于 15MPa时 。

不同炮制方法对香附中香附烯酮和α-香附酮的影响

基于高效液相法考察不同炮制方法对香附中香附烯酮和α-香附酮的含量的变化规律。取不同产地20批的香附,经醋制、四制和酒制炮制后;采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定香附烯酮和α-香附酮的含量;利用单因素方差分析法比较香附不同炮制品的香附烯酮和α-香附酮的含量,采用Spearman相关分析探究香附烯酮和α-香附酮之间的相关性。在不同香附炮制品中,生香附和四制香附之间的香附烯酮含量差异具有统计学意义,生品香附烯酮含量高于四制香附;香附烯酮和α-香附酮含量呈负相关(r=-0.231,P<0.05)。不同产地香附中2种成分含量差异较大,香附烯酮含量经过醋制,酒制和四制后较生香附均下降,α-香附酮含量在醋制中含量较生香附降低,经过酒制和四制后有所升高。且随着香附中香附烯酮含量的升高,α-香附酮含量有一定程度的降低,这对香附不同炮制品的质量评价标准和炮制工艺的选择提供参考。

香附挥发油体外促硝西泮透皮作用研究

目的考察香附挥发油对硝西泮体外经SD大鼠皮肤渗透的影响,为筛选中药透皮促进剂和开发硝西泮透皮制剂提供依据。方法用改良的Franz扩散池进行体外透皮实验,高效液相色谱法测定硝西泮的含量。结果当供给液中香附挥发油浓度>1%时,香附挥发油对地西泮有良好的促透效果,随浓度的增大促透效果越好。0.5 mg.mL-1硝西泮加入3%月桂氮酮或3%、5%香附挥发油后24 h平均累积渗透量分别为143.7,172.6,229.3μg.(cm2)-1;24h平均透皮速率常数分别为6.381,7.511,10.32μg.(cm2)-1.h-1;增渗倍数分别为1.970,2.319,3.186。结论香附挥发油对硝西泮有较强的促透皮作用。

金枳黄利胆排石片质量标准研究

目的:建立金枳黄利胆排石片的质量标准。方法:采用TLC法对大黄、枳实、香附进行定性分析,采用HPLC法测定黄芩中的黄芩苷含量。结果:TLC图谱斑点清洗,阴性液无干扰,黄芩苷0.3184～1.5920πμg(r=0.9999)范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为98.16%,RSD为1.5%(n=5)。结论:该方法专属性强,灵敏度高,重复性好,可用于金枳黄利胆排石片的质量控制。

香附挥发油对慢性束缚应激小鼠焦虑行为的影响

目的探讨香附挥发油对慢性束缚应激小鼠焦虑行为的影响。方法 60只小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、氟西汀组(20 mg/kg)及香附挥发油高剂量组(200 mg/kg)、中剂量组(100 mg/kg)、低剂量组(50 mg/kg),每组10只,采用慢性束缚应激法建立小鼠焦虑模型。通过强迫游泳实验、悬尾实验、旷场实验、明暗箱实验、高架十字迷宫实验分析挥发油对小鼠焦虑行为的影响,并检测海马乙酰胆碱酯酶(ACh E)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)水平。结果与模型组比较,香附挥发油组可减少强迫游泳不动时间及悬尾不动时间,提高进入旷场中央区域次数、中央区域时间及直立次数,增加明箱停留时间、明暗箱穿梭次数及进入开臂次数、开臂停留时间,同时还能降低ACh E水平,升高5-HT水平,以上差异均有统计学意义(P <0. 05,P <0. 01)。结论香附挥发油能改善慢性束缚应激小鼠焦虑行为,其作用机制可能与调节中枢胆碱能系统、增加海马单胺类递质5-HT水平有关。