[Objective] The aim of this study was to study effects of metal ions on the protease activities in digestive tissues and gland of red-white ornamental carp（Cyprinus carpio L）.[Method] Effects of four kinds of metal ...[Objective] The aim of this study was to study effects of metal ions on the protease activities in digestive tissues and gland of red-white ornamental carp（Cyprinus carpio L）.[Method] Effects of four kinds of metal ions （K＋,Na＋,Mg2＋ and Ca2＋） on protease activities in hepatopancreas,foregut,midgut,hindgut of red-white ornamental carp were studied by enzyme analysis method.[Result] Effects of four kinds of metal ions on protease activities of red-white ornamental carp were different in the range of experimental concentration from 25 mmol/L to 150 mmol/L.K＋ could promote protease activities in hepatopancreas and hindgut at different levels.Especially,K＋ had the promoting effect at low-concentration level,but the inhibitory effect at high-concentration level in midgut and the inhibitory effect in foregut.Na＋ had the promoting effect on protease activities in hepatopancreas,foregut and hindgut at different levels,but the inhibitory effect in midgut.Mg2＋ and Ca2＋ had the inhibitory effect on protease activities in intestinal and hepatopancreas at different levels.[Conclusion] This study provides basic data and theoretical foundation for researches on the digestive physiology of red-white ornamental carp or the development and optimization of compound feed.展开更多
In this paper, ontogeny of immune-related organs during theearly development of carp was studied by histochemical technique-lcineBlue staining under acid conditions and PAS reaction(AB-PAS staining). Thekidney appeare...In this paper, ontogeny of immune-related organs during theearly development of carp was studied by histochemical technique-lcineBlue staining under acid conditions and PAS reaction(AB-PAS staining). Thekidney appeared one day before hatching, spleen, liver and pancreas emergedon the same day of hatching, and thymus was not found until the third day afterhatching. Ontogeny of these immune related organs of the carp in thisresearch is earlier than that reported by Botham.展开更多
The present study preliminarily examined the differences in maximum handling size, prey size and species selectivity of growth hormone transgenic and non-transgenic common carp Cyprinus carpio when foraging on four ga...The present study preliminarily examined the differences in maximum handling size, prey size and species selectivity of growth hormone transgenic and non-transgenic common carp Cyprinus carpio when foraging on four gastropods species( Bellamya aeruginosa, Radix auricularia, Parafossarulus sinensis and Alocinma longicornis) under laboratory conditions. In the maximum handling size trial, five fish from each age group(1-year-old and 2-year-old) and each genotype(transgenic and non-transgenic) of common carp were individually allowed to feed on B. aeruginosa with wide shell height range. The results showed that maximum handling size increased linearly with fish length, and there was no significant difference in maximum handling size between the two genotypes. In the size selection trial, three pairs of 2-year-old transgenic and non-transgenic carp were individually allowed to feed on three size groups of B. aeruginosa. The results show that the two genotypes of C. carpio favored the small-sized group over the large-sized group. In the species selection trial, three pairs of 2-year-old transgenic and non-transgenic carp were individually allowed to feed on thin-shelled B. aeruginosa and thick-shelled R. auricularia, and five pairs of 2-year-old transgenic and non-transgenic carp were individually allowed to feed on two gastropods species( P. sinensis and A. longicornis) with similar size and shell strength. The results showed that both genotypes preferred thin-shelled Radix auricularia rather than thick-shelled B. aeruginosa, but there were no significant difference in selectivity between the two genotypes when fed on P. sinensis and A. longicornis. The present study indicates that transgenic and non-transgenic C. carpio show similar selectivity of predation on the size-and species-limited gastropods. While this information may be useful for assessing the environmental risk of transgenic carp, it does not necessarily demonstrate that transgenic common carp might have lesser environmental impacts than non-transgenic carp.展开更多
This study was conducted to evaluate the use of cyanobacteria Arthrospira platensis and cladoceran Daphnia magna biomass as complementary protein and lipid sources in diet supplementation for common carp (Cyprinus car...This study was conducted to evaluate the use of cyanobacteria Arthrospira platensis and cladoceran Daphnia magna biomass as complementary protein and lipid sources in diet supplementation for common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) nursery. Three experimental diets containing A. platensis and D. magna meal at different concentrations were compared to the commercial (control) diet. Each experimental diet (ED) was set to contain D. magna and A. platensis meal at a specific combination: 2% and 5%, 2% and 7%, and 4% and 5% for ED1, ED2 and ED3, respectively. The protein and lipid content of the experimental diets ranged from 43.20% to 44.60% dry weight (DW) and 10.64% to 13.42% DW, respectively;while the protein and lipid content of the control diet were 43.00% DW and 6.72% DW, respectively. After 20 days of feeding period, ED3 group obtained the highest final body weight (BW) (58.18 ± 35.24 mg), total biomass (1936 ± 1625 mg), food conversion rate (1.34 ± 0.04), and specific growth rate (12.86 ± 0.03% BW day<sup>–1</sup>) among all treatment groups (P > 0.05);while ED1 group obtained the highest survival (75.5% ± 7.47%) among all treatment groups (P > 0.05). The total bacterial count and total pathogenic Aeromonas sp. in the culture water of the treatment groups (ranged from 2.00 to 2.65 × 10<sup>5 </sup>CFU mL<sup>–1</sup> and 3.50 to 4.12 × 10<sup>3</sup> CFU mL<sup>–1</sup>, respectively) were lower compared to the water of the control group fed (3.73 × 10<sup>5</sup> and 4.70 × 10<sup>3</sup> CFU mL<sup>–1</sup>, respectively). No significant differences in physicochemical water quality parameters were observed among treatments (P > 0.05). The current study suggests that the combination of A. platensis and D. magna biomass can be used as complementary protein and lipid sources in diet supplementation for common carp larvae and can result in a comparable fish growth, survival and feed utilization in common carp culture at the nursery phase.展开更多
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to study effects of metal ions on the protease activities in digestive tissues and gland of red-white ornamental carp（Cyprinus carpio L）.[Method] Effects of four kinds of metal ions （K＋,Na＋,Mg2＋ and Ca2＋） on protease activities in hepatopancreas,foregut,midgut,hindgut of red-white ornamental carp were studied by enzyme analysis method.[Result] Effects of four kinds of metal ions on protease activities of red-white ornamental carp were different in the range of experimental concentration from 25 mmol/L to 150 mmol/L.K＋ could promote protease activities in hepatopancreas and hindgut at different levels.Especially,K＋ had the promoting effect at low-concentration level,but the inhibitory effect at high-concentration level in midgut and the inhibitory effect in foregut.Na＋ had the promoting effect on protease activities in hepatopancreas,foregut and hindgut at different levels,but the inhibitory effect in midgut.Mg2＋ and Ca2＋ had the inhibitory effect on protease activities in intestinal and hepatopancreas at different levels.[Conclusion] This study provides basic data and theoretical foundation for researches on the digestive physiology of red-white ornamental carp or the development and optimization of compound feed.
文摘In this paper, ontogeny of immune-related organs during theearly development of carp was studied by histochemical technique-lcineBlue staining under acid conditions and PAS reaction(AB-PAS staining). Thekidney appeared one day before hatching, spleen, liver and pancreas emergedon the same day of hatching, and thymus was not found until the third day afterhatching. Ontogeny of these immune related organs of the carp in thisresearch is earlier than that reported by Botham.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31200423,30970553)the National Special Research Fund for Non-Profit Sector(Agriculture)(No.201203081)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(No.2015BAD13B02)
文摘The present study preliminarily examined the differences in maximum handling size, prey size and species selectivity of growth hormone transgenic and non-transgenic common carp Cyprinus carpio when foraging on four gastropods species( Bellamya aeruginosa, Radix auricularia, Parafossarulus sinensis and Alocinma longicornis) under laboratory conditions. In the maximum handling size trial, five fish from each age group(1-year-old and 2-year-old) and each genotype(transgenic and non-transgenic) of common carp were individually allowed to feed on B. aeruginosa with wide shell height range. The results showed that maximum handling size increased linearly with fish length, and there was no significant difference in maximum handling size between the two genotypes. In the size selection trial, three pairs of 2-year-old transgenic and non-transgenic carp were individually allowed to feed on three size groups of B. aeruginosa. The results show that the two genotypes of C. carpio favored the small-sized group over the large-sized group. In the species selection trial, three pairs of 2-year-old transgenic and non-transgenic carp were individually allowed to feed on thin-shelled B. aeruginosa and thick-shelled R. auricularia, and five pairs of 2-year-old transgenic and non-transgenic carp were individually allowed to feed on two gastropods species( P. sinensis and A. longicornis) with similar size and shell strength. The results showed that both genotypes preferred thin-shelled Radix auricularia rather than thick-shelled B. aeruginosa, but there were no significant difference in selectivity between the two genotypes when fed on P. sinensis and A. longicornis. The present study indicates that transgenic and non-transgenic C. carpio show similar selectivity of predation on the size-and species-limited gastropods. While this information may be useful for assessing the environmental risk of transgenic carp, it does not necessarily demonstrate that transgenic common carp might have lesser environmental impacts than non-transgenic carp.
文摘This study was conducted to evaluate the use of cyanobacteria Arthrospira platensis and cladoceran Daphnia magna biomass as complementary protein and lipid sources in diet supplementation for common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) nursery. Three experimental diets containing A. platensis and D. magna meal at different concentrations were compared to the commercial (control) diet. Each experimental diet (ED) was set to contain D. magna and A. platensis meal at a specific combination: 2% and 5%, 2% and 7%, and 4% and 5% for ED1, ED2 and ED3, respectively. The protein and lipid content of the experimental diets ranged from 43.20% to 44.60% dry weight (DW) and 10.64% to 13.42% DW, respectively;while the protein and lipid content of the control diet were 43.00% DW and 6.72% DW, respectively. After 20 days of feeding period, ED3 group obtained the highest final body weight (BW) (58.18 ± 35.24 mg), total biomass (1936 ± 1625 mg), food conversion rate (1.34 ± 0.04), and specific growth rate (12.86 ± 0.03% BW day<sup>–1</sup>) among all treatment groups (P > 0.05);while ED1 group obtained the highest survival (75.5% ± 7.47%) among all treatment groups (P > 0.05). The total bacterial count and total pathogenic Aeromonas sp. in the culture water of the treatment groups (ranged from 2.00 to 2.65 × 10<sup>5 </sup>CFU mL<sup>–1</sup> and 3.50 to 4.12 × 10<sup>3</sup> CFU mL<sup>–1</sup>, respectively) were lower compared to the water of the control group fed (3.73 × 10<sup>5</sup> and 4.70 × 10<sup>3</sup> CFU mL<sup>–1</sup>, respectively). No significant differences in physicochemical water quality parameters were observed among treatments (P > 0.05). The current study suggests that the combination of A. platensis and D. magna biomass can be used as complementary protein and lipid sources in diet supplementation for common carp larvae and can result in a comparable fish growth, survival and feed utilization in common carp culture at the nursery phase.
