Common carp are among the oldest domesticated fish in the world.As such,there are many food and ornamental carp strains with abundant phenotypic variations due to natural and artificial selection.Hebao red carp(HB,Cyp...Common carp are among the oldest domesticated fish in the world.As such,there are many food and ornamental carp strains with abundant phenotypic variations due to natural and artificial selection.Hebao red carp(HB,Cyprinus carpio wuyuanensis),an indigenous strain in China,is renowned for its unique body morphology and reddish skin.To reveal the genetic basis underlying the distinct skin color of HB,we constructed an improved highfidelity(HiFi) HB genome with good contiguity,completeness,and correctness.Genome structure comparison was conducted between HB and a representative wild strain,Yellow River carp(YR,C.carpio haematopterus),to identify structural variants and genes under positive selection.Signatures of artificial selection during domestication were identified in HB and YR populations,while phenotype mapping was performed in a segregating population generated by HB×YR crosses.Body color in HB was associated with regions with fixed mutations.The simultaneous mutation and superposition of a pair of homologous genes(mitfa) in chromosomes A06 and B06 conferred the reddish color in domesticated HB.Transcriptome analysis of common carp with different alleles of the mitfa mutation confirmed that gene duplication can buffer the deleterious effects of mutation in allotetraploids.This study provides new insights into genotype-phenotype associations in allotetraploid species and lays a foundation for future breeding of common carp.展开更多
A precise and reliable analytical method of high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLCMS/MS)was developed to measure trace levels of enrofloxacin(ENR)and its major metabolite ciprofloxacin(CI...A precise and reliable analytical method of high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLCMS/MS)was developed to measure trace levels of enrofloxacin(ENR)and its major metabolite ciprofloxacin(CIP)in carp tissues.Optimized chromatographic separation was obtained on a Waters Xterra MS C_(18) reversed-phase column using gradient elution with methanol and 0.1%formic acid aqueous solution including 5mmolL^(-1) of ammonium acetate.The established method was applied to study the pharmacokinetics and distribution of ENR and CIP in tissues of carp following a single oral administration in feed at a dosage of 40mgkg^(-1) bw(body weight).Data were analyzed using DAS 2.0 dynamics software,and the experimental results suggest that ENR was rapidly absorbed and extensively distributed in carp tissues through systemic circulation,and the pharmacokinetic characteristics can be described with a two-compartment model.The elimination half-lives(t_(1/2β))from muscle,liver,gill,plasma and skin were 131,160,104,132 and 310 h,respectively.The areas under the drug concentration-time curves(AUC)for these tissues were 491,972,750,249 and 706hmgkg^(-1),respectively.The maximum concentration(C_(max))values were 13,29,37,9 and 5mgkg^(-1) with peak times(t_(max))of 8,4,4,2 and 4 h,respectively.Ciprofloxacin,the active metabolite of ENR,was also detected in carp tissues,indicating that only 1.54%of de-ethylation of ENR occurs in carp.At a water temperature of 18℃,the drug withdrawal time was determined to be no less than 24 d while the carp was fed at a single dosage of 40mgkg^(-1).展开更多
Phylogeny of the cyprinid subgenus Cyprinus (Mesocyprinus ) is elucidated based on both external and osteological features. All five species of Cyprinus (Mesocyprinus ) are including in the ingroup in addition t...Phylogeny of the cyprinid subgenus Cyprinus (Mesocyprinus ) is elucidated based on both external and osteological features. All five species of Cyprinus (Mesocyprinus ) are including in the ingroup in addition to two Cyprinus (Cyprinus ) species. Procypris merus was treated as outgroup in comparison. A total of 48 characters were identified as variable among ingroup and outgroup. Phylogenetic analysis was accomplished using Parsimony and Bootstrap methods with Branch and Bound search of PAUP *. There are 28 characters remaining useful after excluding unpolarized characters and autapomorphies of terminal taxa. Analysis of the characters resulted in one tree with a length of 69 steps, Consistency Index (CI) of 0 7246, CI excluding uninformative characters of 0 6122, and Retention Index (RI) of 0 6346. It is apparent that the Mesocyprinus group consisting of five species is a polyphyletic group. This result suggests that subgenus Cyprinus (Mesocyprinus ) should be suspended.展开更多
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳法对蓝色鳞鲤(Cyprinus carpio blue var)进行同工酶分析。结果表明:在蓝色鳞鲤的眼睛、肌肉、肝脏、心脏、肾脏5种组织中,14种酶(LDH、ADH、GDH、MDH、G-6-PDH、EST、POD、SDH、FDH、SOD、α-AMY、CAT、CO...采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳法对蓝色鳞鲤(Cyprinus carpio blue var)进行同工酶分析。结果表明:在蓝色鳞鲤的眼睛、肌肉、肝脏、心脏、肾脏5种组织中,14种酶(LDH、ADH、GDH、MDH、G-6-PDH、EST、POD、SDH、FDH、SOD、α-AMY、CAT、COX、ME)的同工酶谱均存在明显的组织特异性。14种酶共记录出33个基因位点,其中α-Amy-2、Cox-2、Est-1、Ldh-1、Mdh-1、Mdh-2和Sod-1为多态位点。蓝色鳞鲤群体的多态位点百分数为21.21%(P0.99),平均预期杂合度和平均实际杂合度分别为0.1079和0.2121,遗传偏离指数(d)值为正。平均有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.24。实验表明,目前蓝色鳞鲤群体的种质资源状况尚好,表现出明显的杂交优势。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFE0119000)National Natural Science Foundation of China (31872561)+1 种基金National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (32225049)Alliance of International Science Organizations (ANSO-CR-PP-2021-03)。
文摘Common carp are among the oldest domesticated fish in the world.As such,there are many food and ornamental carp strains with abundant phenotypic variations due to natural and artificial selection.Hebao red carp(HB,Cyprinus carpio wuyuanensis),an indigenous strain in China,is renowned for its unique body morphology and reddish skin.To reveal the genetic basis underlying the distinct skin color of HB,we constructed an improved highfidelity(HiFi) HB genome with good contiguity,completeness,and correctness.Genome structure comparison was conducted between HB and a representative wild strain,Yellow River carp(YR,C.carpio haematopterus),to identify structural variants and genes under positive selection.Signatures of artificial selection during domestication were identified in HB and YR populations,while phenotype mapping was performed in a segregating population generated by HB×YR crosses.Body color in HB was associated with regions with fixed mutations.The simultaneous mutation and superposition of a pair of homologous genes(mitfa) in chromosomes A06 and B06 conferred the reddish color in domesticated HB.Transcriptome analysis of common carp with different alleles of the mitfa mutation confirmed that gene duplication can buffer the deleterious effects of mutation in allotetraploids.This study provides new insights into genotype-phenotype associations in allotetraploid species and lays a foundation for future breeding of common carp.
基金supported by the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,CAFS(No.2020TD71).
文摘A precise and reliable analytical method of high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLCMS/MS)was developed to measure trace levels of enrofloxacin(ENR)and its major metabolite ciprofloxacin(CIP)in carp tissues.Optimized chromatographic separation was obtained on a Waters Xterra MS C_(18) reversed-phase column using gradient elution with methanol and 0.1%formic acid aqueous solution including 5mmolL^(-1) of ammonium acetate.The established method was applied to study the pharmacokinetics and distribution of ENR and CIP in tissues of carp following a single oral administration in feed at a dosage of 40mgkg^(-1) bw(body weight).Data were analyzed using DAS 2.0 dynamics software,and the experimental results suggest that ENR was rapidly absorbed and extensively distributed in carp tissues through systemic circulation,and the pharmacokinetic characteristics can be described with a two-compartment model.The elimination half-lives(t_(1/2β))from muscle,liver,gill,plasma and skin were 131,160,104,132 and 310 h,respectively.The areas under the drug concentration-time curves(AUC)for these tissues were 491,972,750,249 and 706hmgkg^(-1),respectively.The maximum concentration(C_(max))values were 13,29,37,9 and 5mgkg^(-1) with peak times(t_(max))of 8,4,4,2 and 4 h,respectively.Ciprofloxacin,the active metabolite of ENR,was also detected in carp tissues,indicating that only 1.54%of de-ethylation of ENR occurs in carp.At a water temperature of 18℃,the drug withdrawal time was determined to be no less than 24 d while the carp was fed at a single dosage of 40mgkg^(-1).
文摘Phylogeny of the cyprinid subgenus Cyprinus (Mesocyprinus ) is elucidated based on both external and osteological features. All five species of Cyprinus (Mesocyprinus ) are including in the ingroup in addition to two Cyprinus (Cyprinus ) species. Procypris merus was treated as outgroup in comparison. A total of 48 characters were identified as variable among ingroup and outgroup. Phylogenetic analysis was accomplished using Parsimony and Bootstrap methods with Branch and Bound search of PAUP *. There are 28 characters remaining useful after excluding unpolarized characters and autapomorphies of terminal taxa. Analysis of the characters resulted in one tree with a length of 69 steps, Consistency Index (CI) of 0 7246, CI excluding uninformative characters of 0 6122, and Retention Index (RI) of 0 6346. It is apparent that the Mesocyprinus group consisting of five species is a polyphyletic group. This result suggests that subgenus Cyprinus (Mesocyprinus ) should be suspended.
文摘采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳法对蓝色鳞鲤(Cyprinus carpio blue var)进行同工酶分析。结果表明:在蓝色鳞鲤的眼睛、肌肉、肝脏、心脏、肾脏5种组织中,14种酶(LDH、ADH、GDH、MDH、G-6-PDH、EST、POD、SDH、FDH、SOD、α-AMY、CAT、COX、ME)的同工酶谱均存在明显的组织特异性。14种酶共记录出33个基因位点,其中α-Amy-2、Cox-2、Est-1、Ldh-1、Mdh-1、Mdh-2和Sod-1为多态位点。蓝色鳞鲤群体的多态位点百分数为21.21%(P0.99),平均预期杂合度和平均实际杂合度分别为0.1079和0.2121,遗传偏离指数(d)值为正。平均有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.24。实验表明,目前蓝色鳞鲤群体的种质资源状况尚好,表现出明显的杂交优势。
