Background: Improving Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in health care settings is a critical prerequisite for achieving national health goals and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The World Health Organization (WHO) ...Background: Improving Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in health care settings is a critical prerequisite for achieving national health goals and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a target for each United Nations member state to reach by 2030. Each member state is required to reach by 2022, 2025 and 2030 at least 60%, 80% and 100%, respectively of basic level of service of the five elements which are water, sanitation, hygiene, waste management and environmental cleaning. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate and document the current state of basic water, sanitation, and hygiene services in all lower-level health care facilities in the Dar es Salaam region of Tanzania as of July 2022. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 99 public dispensaries in the Dar es Salaam region’s five councils: Ubungo, Kigamboni, Kinondoni and Temeke Municipalities, and Ilala City. The interviewee form and observational checklists were both digitalized using the Kobo tool software. The respondents were health care facility in-charges or nurse in-charges. Data were downloaded, validated, and imported to Stata version 15 for analysis. Results: The basic WASH level per JMP is far below the target in 2022. Each member state by 2022 is required to reach at least 60% of the basic level of service of each element. We found a low coverage of basic WASH in the 99 dispensaries included in this study. The basic WASH coverage was met in only 10 (10.1%) of the dispensaries, while the remaining 89 (89.9%) dispensaries fall on limited WASH services. Conclusion: This study revealed lower coverage of basic WASH services in dispensaries. An urgent need is required to improve the status of WASH in all the dispensaries and facilitate the provision of quality health care services, patient safety and reduce health care associated infections.展开更多
提出一种基于机载LiDAR(Light Detection And Ranging)点云的铁路工务设备及周边环境形变分析方法,通过无人机机载LiDAR巡线系统获取铁路场景三维点云,对点云进行裁剪、去噪及配准;结合点云-点云比较方法与多尺度点云模型比较方法分别...提出一种基于机载LiDAR(Light Detection And Ranging)点云的铁路工务设备及周边环境形变分析方法,通过无人机机载LiDAR巡线系统获取铁路场景三维点云,对点云进行裁剪、去噪及配准;结合点云-点云比较方法与多尺度点云模型比较方法分别对工务设备及周边环境的形变进行定性与定量判断,并应用于邯长线(邯郸—长治)K130+874—K135+292区段。结果表明:该方法能够有效利用机载LiDAR铁路巡检数据,通过定性与定量的形变分析及时发现隐患。展开更多
This study was undertaken to determine the hydrologic properties of the aquifer materials at Ogbozara-Opi/Ekwegbe-Agu and environs by the estimation of the aquifer transmissivity using Dar Zarrouk parameters. The stud...This study was undertaken to determine the hydrologic properties of the aquifer materials at Ogbozara-Opi/Ekwegbe-Agu and environs by the estimation of the aquifer transmissivity using Dar Zarrouk parameters. The study area lies in the Anambra basin and is underlain, from bottom to top, by 3 prominent geologic formations;Enugu Formation, Mamu Formation and Ajali Formation respectively. A total of 19 sounding stations were occupied within the study area using the Ohmega resistivity meter. The VES data were interpreted using the conventional partial curve matching technique to obtain initial model parameters which were later used as input data for computer iterative modelling using the Interpex software. These analyses were further combined with information from two existing boreholes in the study area to estimate aquifer hydraulic parameters using Dar-Zarrouk parameters. The layer parameters thus obtained revealed that the dominant curve type obtained from the different formations is the AK curve type followed by the HK curve type. An average of 6 geo-electric layers were delineated across all transect taken with resistivity values ranging from 25.42 - 105.85 Ωm, 186.38 - 3383.3 Ωm and 2992.3 - 6286.4 Ωm in the Enugu, Mamu and Ajali Formations respectively. Results of the study revealed the aquifer resistivity in the study area ranges from 1 - 500 Ωm. The depth to the water table range from 13 - 208 m with a mean value of 76.05, while aquifer thickness varies between 95 and 140 m with a mean value of 102.89 m. The values of the Dar-Zarrouk parameters revealed that the transverse resistance varies between −10,000 - 170,000 Ωm<sup>2</sup>, while the longitudinal conductance varies from 0.1 - 1 to 1.9 Ω - 1. Similarly, the hydraulic conductivity in the area ranges from 5 to 50 m/day, while the transmissivity values range from 1000 to 14,000 m<sup>2</sup>/day.展开更多
针对当前从三维激光点云中提取海岸线方法的不足,提出了一种基于点云栅格化的海岸线提取方法。首先对点云进行去噪等数据预处理,然后直接将其栅格化生成更为平滑的海岸地形,最后采用中国近海海域潮汐精密模型,从栅格海岸地形中提取基于...针对当前从三维激光点云中提取海岸线方法的不足,提出了一种基于点云栅格化的海岸线提取方法。首先对点云进行去噪等数据预处理,然后直接将其栅格化生成更为平滑的海岸地形,最后采用中国近海海域潮汐精密模型,从栅格海岸地形中提取基于平均大潮高潮面MHWS(Mean High Water Springs)海岸线。实验表明:此处所提出的点云栅格化方法较当前方法提取的海岸线更可靠、合理,提取效率更高,同时也可用于其他辅助岸线的提取。展开更多
文摘Background: Improving Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in health care settings is a critical prerequisite for achieving national health goals and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a target for each United Nations member state to reach by 2030. Each member state is required to reach by 2022, 2025 and 2030 at least 60%, 80% and 100%, respectively of basic level of service of the five elements which are water, sanitation, hygiene, waste management and environmental cleaning. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate and document the current state of basic water, sanitation, and hygiene services in all lower-level health care facilities in the Dar es Salaam region of Tanzania as of July 2022. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 99 public dispensaries in the Dar es Salaam region’s five councils: Ubungo, Kigamboni, Kinondoni and Temeke Municipalities, and Ilala City. The interviewee form and observational checklists were both digitalized using the Kobo tool software. The respondents were health care facility in-charges or nurse in-charges. Data were downloaded, validated, and imported to Stata version 15 for analysis. Results: The basic WASH level per JMP is far below the target in 2022. Each member state by 2022 is required to reach at least 60% of the basic level of service of each element. We found a low coverage of basic WASH in the 99 dispensaries included in this study. The basic WASH coverage was met in only 10 (10.1%) of the dispensaries, while the remaining 89 (89.9%) dispensaries fall on limited WASH services. Conclusion: This study revealed lower coverage of basic WASH services in dispensaries. An urgent need is required to improve the status of WASH in all the dispensaries and facilitate the provision of quality health care services, patient safety and reduce health care associated infections.
文摘提出一种基于机载LiDAR(Light Detection And Ranging)点云的铁路工务设备及周边环境形变分析方法,通过无人机机载LiDAR巡线系统获取铁路场景三维点云,对点云进行裁剪、去噪及配准;结合点云-点云比较方法与多尺度点云模型比较方法分别对工务设备及周边环境的形变进行定性与定量判断,并应用于邯长线(邯郸—长治)K130+874—K135+292区段。结果表明:该方法能够有效利用机载LiDAR铁路巡检数据,通过定性与定量的形变分析及时发现隐患。
文摘This study was undertaken to determine the hydrologic properties of the aquifer materials at Ogbozara-Opi/Ekwegbe-Agu and environs by the estimation of the aquifer transmissivity using Dar Zarrouk parameters. The study area lies in the Anambra basin and is underlain, from bottom to top, by 3 prominent geologic formations;Enugu Formation, Mamu Formation and Ajali Formation respectively. A total of 19 sounding stations were occupied within the study area using the Ohmega resistivity meter. The VES data were interpreted using the conventional partial curve matching technique to obtain initial model parameters which were later used as input data for computer iterative modelling using the Interpex software. These analyses were further combined with information from two existing boreholes in the study area to estimate aquifer hydraulic parameters using Dar-Zarrouk parameters. The layer parameters thus obtained revealed that the dominant curve type obtained from the different formations is the AK curve type followed by the HK curve type. An average of 6 geo-electric layers were delineated across all transect taken with resistivity values ranging from 25.42 - 105.85 Ωm, 186.38 - 3383.3 Ωm and 2992.3 - 6286.4 Ωm in the Enugu, Mamu and Ajali Formations respectively. Results of the study revealed the aquifer resistivity in the study area ranges from 1 - 500 Ωm. The depth to the water table range from 13 - 208 m with a mean value of 76.05, while aquifer thickness varies between 95 and 140 m with a mean value of 102.89 m. The values of the Dar-Zarrouk parameters revealed that the transverse resistance varies between −10,000 - 170,000 Ωm<sup>2</sup>, while the longitudinal conductance varies from 0.1 - 1 to 1.9 Ω - 1. Similarly, the hydraulic conductivity in the area ranges from 5 to 50 m/day, while the transmissivity values range from 1000 to 14,000 m<sup>2</sup>/day.
文摘针对当前从三维激光点云中提取海岸线方法的不足,提出了一种基于点云栅格化的海岸线提取方法。首先对点云进行去噪等数据预处理,然后直接将其栅格化生成更为平滑的海岸地形,最后采用中国近海海域潮汐精密模型,从栅格海岸地形中提取基于平均大潮高潮面MHWS(Mean High Water Springs)海岸线。实验表明:此处所提出的点云栅格化方法较当前方法提取的海岸线更可靠、合理,提取效率更高,同时也可用于其他辅助岸线的提取。
