This paper presents the perturbation and observation (P & O) algorithm as maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for the dynamical analysis of DC shunt motor fed by photovoltaic generator at different solar ir...This paper presents the perturbation and observation (P & O) algorithm as maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for the dynamical analysis of DC shunt motor fed by photovoltaic generator at different solar irradiance levels. At each solar intensity, the maximum power point of current/voltage (I/V) characteristic of the PV generator is achieved by perturbation and observation algorithm. The nonlinear behavior of (I/V) characteristics of the PV generator at various solar intensities and the magnetization curve of the ferromagnetic material of the DC shunt motor are described by high order polynomial mathematical expression. The dynamical analysis of the DC shunt motor fed by PV generator at different solar intensity has been carried out, also the dynamical analysis of DC shunt motor is investigated at a step change in solar intensity levels with fixed load at motor.展开更多
The Sun’s slow periodic flux transfer to the Earth, the low frequency of Schumann Resonance, and the fixed DC voltage of the capacitor direct us toward direct current (DC) machines for electrical modeling purposes. T...The Sun’s slow periodic flux transfer to the Earth, the low frequency of Schumann Resonance, and the fixed DC voltage of the capacitor direct us toward direct current (DC) machines for electrical modeling purposes. The Earth exhibits dual characteristics of a motor generator set by motoring the mechanical Earth around its axis, while at the same time generating energy for its spherical capacitor. It follows that electrical and mechanical output of the Earth are powered by the magnitude of the flux transfer events, the constant DC voltage supply and any potential nuclear contribution within the core. Like an induction furnace, powerful magnetic flux from the Sun partially melts the outer iron core of the Earth and magnetizes the inner solid iron core. The solid inner magnetic core acts as a rotating armature similar to a DC machine. All electrical machines experience no load and full load power loss while in operation. Speed control of large rotating DC machines is well understood and has been applied in industry for over a century. Speed can be changed either by varying the field resistance and/or the armature resistance. The characteristic of a constant speed DC machine is such that a change in field resistance will cause a compensatory change in armature resistance to maintain velocity. In the case of the earth, a decrease in armature resistance results in an increase in volume of the iron core, which may result in greater seismic and volcanic activity. Climate change may be the direct result of changes in soil and sea water resistance, which we lump together as field resistance.展开更多
采用PSCAD/EMTDC建立了±800 k V/500 k V交直流混联输电线路反击耐雷水平仿真模型,讨论了杆塔接地电阻、绝缘子片数、雷电流波形、杆塔高度、避雷器变化对耐雷水平的影响,着重从分流系数的角度分析了接地电阻影响反击耐雷水平的原...采用PSCAD/EMTDC建立了±800 k V/500 k V交直流混联输电线路反击耐雷水平仿真模型,讨论了杆塔接地电阻、绝缘子片数、雷电流波形、杆塔高度、避雷器变化对耐雷水平的影响,着重从分流系数的角度分析了接地电阻影响反击耐雷水平的原因,比较了±800 k V/500 k V交直流混联输电线路和500 k V同塔双回线路、±800 k V直流线路的反击耐雷水平。理论分析表明:在交直流混联线路中,±800 k V线路的反击耐雷水平是其交流500 k V线路的2倍以上;反击耐雷水平在接地电阻为某一定值时急剧降低;交直流混联线路中,交流线路和直流线路的反击耐雷水平分别大于单独500 k V同塔双回线路、±800 k V直流线路。展开更多
文摘This paper presents the perturbation and observation (P & O) algorithm as maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for the dynamical analysis of DC shunt motor fed by photovoltaic generator at different solar irradiance levels. At each solar intensity, the maximum power point of current/voltage (I/V) characteristic of the PV generator is achieved by perturbation and observation algorithm. The nonlinear behavior of (I/V) characteristics of the PV generator at various solar intensities and the magnetization curve of the ferromagnetic material of the DC shunt motor are described by high order polynomial mathematical expression. The dynamical analysis of the DC shunt motor fed by PV generator at different solar intensity has been carried out, also the dynamical analysis of DC shunt motor is investigated at a step change in solar intensity levels with fixed load at motor.
文摘The Sun’s slow periodic flux transfer to the Earth, the low frequency of Schumann Resonance, and the fixed DC voltage of the capacitor direct us toward direct current (DC) machines for electrical modeling purposes. The Earth exhibits dual characteristics of a motor generator set by motoring the mechanical Earth around its axis, while at the same time generating energy for its spherical capacitor. It follows that electrical and mechanical output of the Earth are powered by the magnitude of the flux transfer events, the constant DC voltage supply and any potential nuclear contribution within the core. Like an induction furnace, powerful magnetic flux from the Sun partially melts the outer iron core of the Earth and magnetizes the inner solid iron core. The solid inner magnetic core acts as a rotating armature similar to a DC machine. All electrical machines experience no load and full load power loss while in operation. Speed control of large rotating DC machines is well understood and has been applied in industry for over a century. Speed can be changed either by varying the field resistance and/or the armature resistance. The characteristic of a constant speed DC machine is such that a change in field resistance will cause a compensatory change in armature resistance to maintain velocity. In the case of the earth, a decrease in armature resistance results in an increase in volume of the iron core, which may result in greater seismic and volcanic activity. Climate change may be the direct result of changes in soil and sea water resistance, which we lump together as field resistance.
文摘采用PSCAD/EMTDC建立了±800 k V/500 k V交直流混联输电线路反击耐雷水平仿真模型,讨论了杆塔接地电阻、绝缘子片数、雷电流波形、杆塔高度、避雷器变化对耐雷水平的影响,着重从分流系数的角度分析了接地电阻影响反击耐雷水平的原因,比较了±800 k V/500 k V交直流混联输电线路和500 k V同塔双回线路、±800 k V直流线路的反击耐雷水平。理论分析表明:在交直流混联线路中,±800 k V线路的反击耐雷水平是其交流500 k V线路的2倍以上;反击耐雷水平在接地电阻为某一定值时急剧降低;交直流混联线路中,交流线路和直流线路的反击耐雷水平分别大于单独500 k V同塔双回线路、±800 k V直流线路。
