Coordinated Capacitor Voltage Balancing Method for Cascaded H-bridge Inverter with Supercapacitor and DC-DC Stage

Cascaded H-bridge inverter(CHBI) with supercapacitors(SCs) and dc-dc stage shows significant promise for medium to high voltage energy storage applications. This paper investigates the voltage balance of capacitors within the CHBI, including both the dc-link capacitors and SCs. Balance control over the dc-link capacitor voltages is realized by the dcdc stage in each submodule(SM), while a hybrid modulation strategy(HMS) is implemented in the H-bridge to balance the SC voltages among the SMs. Meanwhile, the dc-link voltage fluctuations are analyzed under the HMS. A virtual voltage variable is introduced to coordinate the balancing of dc-link capacitor voltages and SC voltages. Compared to the balancing method that solely considers the SC voltages, the presented method reduces the dc-link voltage fluctuations without affecting the voltage balance of SCs. Finally, both simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the presented method.

Review of Fault-tolerant Control for Motor Inverter Failure with Operational Quality Considered

In recent years,motor drive systems have garnered increasing attention due to their high efficiency and superior control performance.This is especially apparent in aerospace,marine propulsion,and electric vehicles,where high performance,efficiency,and reliability are crucial.The ability of the drive system to maintain long-term fault-tolerant control(FTC)operation after a failure is essential.The likelihood of inverter failures surpasses that of other components in the drive system,highlighting its critical importance.Long-term FTC operation ensures the system retains its fundamental functions until safe repairs or replacements can be made.The focus of developing a FTC strategy has shifted from basic FTC operations to enhancing the post-fault quality to accommodate the realities of prolonged operation post-failure.This paper primarily investigates FTC strategies for inverter failures in various motor drive systems over the past decade.These strategies are categorized into three types based on post-fault operational quality:rescue,remedy,and reestablishment.The paper discusses each typical control strategy and its research focus,the strengths and weaknesses of various algorithms,and recent advancements in FTC.Finally,this review summarizes effective FTC techniques for inverter failures in motor drive systems and suggests directions for future research.

Review of Three-phase Soft Switching Inverters and Challenges for Motor Drives

For electric vehicles (EVs),it is necessary to improve endurance mileage by improving the efficiency.There exists a trend towards increasing the system voltage and switching frequency,contributing to improve charging speed and power density.However,this trend poses significant challenges for high-voltage and high-frequency motor controllers,which are plagued by increased switching losses and pronounced switching oscillations as consequences of hard switching.The deployment of soft switching technology presents a viable solution to mitigate these issues.This paper reviews the applications of soft switching technologies for three-phase inverters and classifies them based on distinct characteristics.For each type of inverter,the advantages and disadvantages are evaluated.Then,the paper introduces the research progress and control methods of soft switching inverters (SSIs).Moreover,it presents a comparative analysis among the conventional hard switching inverters (HSIs),an active clamping resonant DC link inverter (ACRDCLI) and an auxiliary resonant commuted pole inverter (ARCPI).Finally,the problems and prospects of soft switching technology applied to motor controllers for EVs are put forward.

Adaptive Predefined-Time Backstepping Control for Grid Connected Photovoltaic Inverter

The system performance of grid-connected photovoltaic(PV)has a serious impact on the grid stability.To improve the control performance and shorten the convergence time,a predefined-time controller based on backstepping technology and dynamic surface control is formulated for the inverter in the grid-connected photovoltaic.The time-varying tuning functions are introduced into state-tracking errors to realize the predefined-time control effect.To address the“computational explosion problem”in the design process of backstepping control,dynamic surface control is adopted to avoid the analytical calculations of virtual control.The disturbances of the PV system are estimated and compensated by adaptive laws.The control parameters are chosen and the global stability of the closed-loop is ensured by Lyapunov conditions.Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed controller and ensure the predefined time control in the photovoltaic inverter.

A novel cascaded H-bridge photovoltaic inverter with flexible arc suppression function

This paper presents a novel approach that simultaneously enables photovoltaic(PV)inversion and flexible arc suppression during single-phase grounding faults.Inverters compensate for ground currents through an arc-elimination function,while outputting a PV direct current(DC)power supply.This method effectively reduces the residual grounding current.To reduce the dependence of the arc-suppression performance on accurate compensation current-injection models,an adaptive fuzzy neural network imitating a sliding mode controller was designed.An online adaptive adjustment law for network parameters was developed,based on the Lyapunov stability theorem,to improve the robustness of the inverter to fault and connection locations.Furthermore,a new arc-suppression control exit strategy is proposed to allow a zerosequence voltage amplitude to quickly and smoothly track a target value by controlling the nonlinear decrease in current and reducing the regulation time.Simulation results showed that the proposed method can effectively achieve fast arc suppression and reduce the fault impact current in single-phase grounding faults.Compared to other methods,the proposed method can generate a lower residual grounding current and maintain good arc-suppression performance under different transition resistances and fault locations.

An Algorithm for Short-Circuit Current Interval in Distribution Networks with Inverter Type Distributed Generation Based on Affine Arithmetic

During faults in a distribution network,the output power of a distributed generation(DG)may be uncertain.Moreover,the output currents of distributed power sources are also affected by the output power,resulting in uncertainties in the calculation of the short-circuit current at the time of a fault.Additionally,the impacts of such uncertainties around short-circuit currents will increase with the increase of distributed power sources.Thus,it is very important to develop a method for calculating the short-circuit current while considering the uncertainties in a distribution network.In this study,an affine arithmetic algorithm for calculating short-circuit current intervals in distribution networks with distributed power sources while considering power fluctuations is presented.The proposed algorithm includes two stages.In the first stage,normal operations are considered to establish a conservative interval affine optimization model of injection currents in distributed power sources.Constrained by the fluctuation range of distributed generation power at the moment of fault occurrence,the model can then be used to solve for the fluctuation range of injected current amplitudes in distributed power sources.The second stage is implemented after a malfunction occurs.In this stage,an affine optimization model is first established.This model is developed to characterizes the short-circuit current interval of a transmission line,and is constrained by the fluctuation range of the injected current amplitude of DG during normal operations.Finally,the range of the short-circuit current amplitudes of distribution network lines after a short-circuit fault occurs is predicted.The algorithm proposed in this article obtains an interval range containing accurate results through interval operation.Compared with traditional point value calculation methods,interval calculation methods can provide more reliable analysis and calculation results.The range of short-circuit current amplitude obtained by this algorithm is slightly larger than those obtained using the Monte Carlo algorithm and the Latin hypercube sampling algorithm.Therefore,the proposed algorithm has good suitability and does not require iterative calculations,resulting in a significant improvement in computational speed compared to the Monte Carlo algorithm and the Latin hypercube sampling algorithm.Furthermore,the proposed algorithm can provide more reliable analysis and calculation results,improving the safety and stability of power systems.

Estimating the Input Power of a Power Plant Using the Efficiency of the Inverter

The study focuses on estimating the input power of a power plant from available data, using the theoretical inverter efficiency as the key parameter. The paper addresses the problem of missing data in power generation systems and proposes an approach based on the efficiency formula widely documented in the literature. In the absence of input data, this method makes it possible to estimate the plant’s input power using data extracted from the site, in particular that provided by the Ministry of the Environment. The importance of this study lies in the need to accurately determine the input power in order to assess the overall performance of the energy system.

Model Predictive Control for Cascaded H-Bridge PV Inverter with Capacitor Voltage Balance

We designed an improved direct-current capacitor voltage balancing control model predictive control(MPC)for single-phase cascaded H-bridge multilevel photovoltaic(PV)inverters.Compared with conventional voltage balanc-ing control methods,the method proposed could make the PV strings of each submodule operate at their maximum power point by independent capacitor voltage control.Besides,the predicted and reference value of the grid-connected current was obtained according to the maximum power output of the maximum power point tracking.A cost function was con-structed to achieve the high-precision grid-connected control of the CHB inverter.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed control method was verified through a semi-physical simulation platform with three submodules.

基于移相控制统一模型的双有源桥DC-DC变换器基波环流优化控制策略

为充分利用双有源桥DC-DC变换器的容量,减小无功功率,提升工作效率,提出一种基于变换器移相控制统一模型的基波环流优化控制策略。通过引入基波移相比对变换器的所有移相控制方式进行统一描述,并采用傅里叶分解法建立全桥交流电压及电感电流的统一模型。该统一模型降低了多控制变量下变换器多模态分析的复杂性,适用于不同移相控制的所有工作模式,具有普适性。基于频域分析法和功率因数角,构建变换器传输功率及无功功率的统一数学模型。在此基础上,提出考虑无功基波分量的环流优化控制策略,并对传导损耗进行建模与分析。该策略简单有效,能够很好地减小变换器无功功率和改善系统效率,更有利于工程实际的应用。搭建了实验平台,对比了所提基波环流优化控制策略与传统移相控制方式下变换器的功率因数及变换效率,仿真和实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性和所提控制策略的可行性。

基于时变权重模型预测的双向DC-DC优化控制方法

双向DC-DC变换器是电动汽车的关键电压变换部件,提高其动态负载下的响应速度与鲁棒性对电动汽车低压供电系统有重要意义。提出一种基于模糊时变权重的MPC(model predictive control)控制方法。基于状态空间平均法建立变换器动态模型。基于MPC原理搭建变换器MPC模型,实现对电压的跟踪控制;在分析权重对动态负载下电压跟踪性能的影响的基础上,设计权重模糊调节器,实现权重的在线调节。基于HM-cSPACE搭建实验平台验证所提方法的准确性。在Matlab/Simulink环境下与PI控制和传统MPC控制进行对比,结果表明:在负载变化时采用时变权重MPC控制的变换器有更好的动态性能和鲁棒性,超调量降低26.1%。该方法对提高双向DC-DC变换器动态负载下的优化控制具有重要意义。

基于LLC谐振变换器的双向DC-DC光伏储能回路设计

针对光储逆变器的储能回路效率较低,控制较为复杂等问题,该文设计了一款基于双向全桥LLC谐振变换器的双向储能电路。对双向全桥LLC谐振变换器的正向导通特性和反向导通特性进行介绍和分析,基于采用基波分析法得到的LLC谐振变换器等效电路,推导出变换器实现软开关的条件。通过推导得到的条件对LLC谐振变换器进行硬件参数设计,并成功搭建一台样机进行实验验证,实验结果表明,变换器可以在全负载领域实验软开关,并具有较高的效率,验证了理论分析的正确性。

三有源桥DC-DC变换器广义状态空间平均模型及控制策略研究

基于移相加占空比控制策略的三有源桥TAB(triple active bridge)DC-DC变换器具有效率高和软开关范围可扩展等优点,但其小信号建模过程复杂、闭环控制环路参数整定困难。针对该问题,提出1种TAB工作在移相加占空比控制下的全阶连续广义状态平均建模和PI控制器设计方法。首先,分析TAB的运行原理和Y型等效结构;然后,结合移相加占空比控制的特点和交流方波源等效方法,推导出TAB的广义状态空间平均模型;接着,在推得模型的基础上求得输入到输出的传递函数,设计出PI控制器参数。最后,结合数字仿真及样机实验验证了所提方法的正确性及有效性。

基于改进LSTM-SVM的双向DC-DC电力变换器故障诊断

目的为了解决双向DC-DC电力变换器的软故障诊断精度不高的问题,方法提出基于改进LSTM-SVM的双向DC-DC电力变换器故障诊断模型。首先,分析双向DC-DC电力变换器中电容、电感和MOSFET管的故障机理,通过仿真实验模拟各元件失效后变换器的输出电气参数变化,从而确定变换器不同元件故障时对应的故障特征参数;其次,构建改进的LSTM-SVM双向DC-DC电力变换器故障诊断组合模型,在LSTM中添加Mogrifier门机制,提高LSTM提取时间序列原始数据中微弱特征的能力;最后,由于传统LSTM的末端分类器为Softmax,其主要解决单一元件诊断问题,变换器故障类型较多,维数较高,所以采用麻雀搜索算法优化的SVM代替原有的Softmax函数,对LSTM输出的数据进行故障分类,提高故障诊断的准确率。设置双向DC-DC电力变换器充放电两种状态下,包含电解电容、电感和MOSFET单双管故障在内的24组故障,分别采用本文构建的改进的LSTM-SVM和原始的LSTM-SVM双向DC-DC变换器故障诊断模型进行诊断。结果结果表明,改进的LSTM-SVM故障诊断模型诊断准确率平均值为99.71%,原始的LSTM-SVM故障诊断模型诊断准确率平均值为88.48%,改进的LSTM-SVM故障诊断模型对各元件的故障诊断正确率均高于原始的LSTM-SVM故障诊断模型的。结论基于改进LSTM-SVM的双向DC-DC电力变换器故障诊断模型实现了对双向DC-DC电力变换器中的电解电容、电感和MOSFET单双管故障的准确诊断。

一种新型准Z源高增益DC-DC升压变换器

针对传统准Z源阻抗网络DC-DC升压变换器存在电压增益低和元件电压应力高的问题,提出一种新型准Z源高增益DC-DC升压变换器(HSQZSC)。首先,分析HSQZSC变换器两种模态工作原理,并对其进行稳态分析和参数设计。其次,与现已提出的Z源变换器进行性能对比,表明HSQZSC变换器具有高电压增益和元件电压应力低的优势。然后,对其建立状态空间模型进行小信号分析、稳定性分析和控制器的设计。最后,搭建100 W实物样机,实验结果验证了HSQZSC变换器的可行性与有效性。

基于SEPIC的新型高增益DC-DC变换器及衍生拓扑分析

针对光伏并网系统中单开关升压变换器(如SEPIC、Boost、准Z源、二次型)电压增益低和半导体器件电压应力大的问题,提出1种基于SEPIC的外部升压型高增益DC-DC变换器。首先对所提变换器在电感电流连续导通模式和断续导通模式下的工作原理和稳态特性进行详细分析,并与其他新型拓扑进行性能对比。在此基础上,给出了基于外部升压网络的衍生拓扑。最后,通过搭建1台400 V/200 W的实验样机证明了理论分析的准确性。所提变换器利用阻抗网络和开关电容单元构成的外部升压网络提升了SEPIC变换器的电压增益,并改善了半导体器件电压应力大的缺点。

集成有源开关电感和Y源倍压单元的高增益DC-DC变换器

针对光伏发电系统中光伏组件电压等级的提升,提出一种集成有源开关电感和Y源倍压单元的高增益DC-DC变换器。所提变换器能够实现低开关管电压应力,具有高自由度电压调节能力,在满足一定升压条件下仍能保证电路的效率,在光伏发电中具有较大的应用潜力。对变换器的工作模态、器件电压电流应力、参数设计和损耗效率进行详细阐述。最后通过实验验证所提拓扑结构的可行性。

新能源船用双向DC-DC控制系统设计

为适应太阳能电池板昼夜输出电压变化较大的情况,保证母线上用电设备的电压稳定,设计一种新能源船用双向DC-DC控制系统。系统利用STM32作为主控芯片,主电路采用Buck-Boost拓扑结构,用隔离放大器采集电路中的电流和电压信号,电流电压信号经过预处理再经STM32内部A/D转换后作为被控参数,控制程序分为软启动和正常运行两部分,测试结果证明,所设计系统满足应用要求。

基于双重移相控制的双向全桥DC-DC变换器最小回流功率分段优化控制

双向全桥DC-DC变换器以其重量轻、高功率密度、能量双向流动等优点成为直流微电网中不可或缺的一部分。但双向全桥DC-DC变换器在传统的单重移相控制下存在回流功率和电流应力等问题,尤其当输入电压和输出电压不匹配时,回流功率和电流应力会显著增加。针对输入电压和输出电压不匹配的情况,该文提出了一种双向全桥DC-DC变换器在双重移相下的最小回流功率控制策略。该控制策略通过对回流功率进行分段优化,得到了变换器在不同传输功率范围下的最优移相角。通过将所提控制策略和传统的双重移相控制进行对比分析,发现该文所提控制策略具有更小的回流功率和电流应力,提升了变换器的效率。最后基于所提控制策略搭建了实验样机,实验结果验证了控制策略的正确性和有效性。

基于非线性扰动观测的储能双向DC-DC变换器非奇异终端滑模控制策略

在光储直流微电网系统中,储能双向DC-DC变换器在储能设备与直流母线之间起着关键的接口作用,其在光伏输出功率及负载大信号扰动下的性能优劣至关重要,将直接影响着直流母线电压的稳定运行。为此,提出了一种基于非线性扰动观测器(nonlinear disturbance observer,NDO)的非奇异终端滑模控制策略。首先采用基于微分几何理论的精确反馈线性化方法,将双向DC-DC变换器系统的状态空间模型转化为布鲁诺夫斯基标准式,并利用非线性扰动观测器对系统扰动量进行估计和补偿。在此基础上设计非奇异终端滑模控制器,并根据李雅普诺夫稳定性理论,证明所提控制策略的稳定性;进而分析所提控制策略的收敛性。最后,通过仿真验证所提控制策略的有效性。仿真结果表明,与文献中典型非线性控制策略相比,本文所提控制策略在光伏输出功率和负载有较大扰动时响应时间较快,并具有电压过充小、稳态误差小的优点。

电机控制器直流侧前置双有源桥DC-DC变换器的模型预测与应力优化混合控制

将双有源桥DC-DC变换器置于电动汽车动力电池与电机逆变器之间,可以根据电机实时转速动态调节系统直流母线电压,提升电机驱动系统的能量变换效率。然而,直流母线电压的大范围变化会带来双有源桥DC-DC变换器电流应力剧增的挑战。为此,该文分析直流母线电压动态变化条件下双有源桥DC-DC变换器的电流应力变化规律及优化方法,在此基础上提出一种模型预测与应力优化混合控制策略,将电流应力优化控制嵌入到模型预测控制中,在降低电流应力的同时还能提高系统的稳态和动态性能。另外,为了抑制模型参数失配对模型预测控制的不利影响,提出一种基于输出反馈的误差校正方法,以提高模型预测控制的参数鲁棒性。原型样机实验结果验证了所提控制策略的正确性和有效性,为直流侧前置双有源桥DC-DC变换器的电机控制器设计与控制提供了理论依据。