Application of the “Six-Step Teaching Method” in the Nursing Teaching of Obstetric Interns

Objective: The “six-step teaching method” is a teaching method, which is summarized based on practical experience. This study aimed to explore the effect of “six-step teaching method” in clinical teaching of obstetrics. Methods: A quasi-experimental study design was used, 30 nursing students who entered obstetrics practice from March 2022 to July 2022 were selected as the control group according to the order of time, and traditional teaching methods were adopted. From August to December 2022, 30 interns were selected as the experimental group, and the “six-step teaching method” was adopted. After 8 weeks of clinical practice, the assessment results and teaching effect satisfaction of the two groups were compared. Results: The scores of obstetrical specialty in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05);The evaluation of teaching methods, teaching quality, classroom atmosphere and individual observation ability, clinical thinking ability and nurse-patient communication ability of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P Conclusion: “six-step teaching method” can effectively master the professional knowledge of obstetrics, stimulate the clinical thinking ability of interns, and improve the teaching effect and satisfaction. .

Synthesis of Vanadium Nitride by a One Step Method

Vanadium nitrides were prepared via one step method of carbothermal reduction and nitridation of vanadium trioxide. Thermalgravimetric analysis （TGA） and X-ray diffraction were used to determine the reaction paths of vanadium carbide, namely the following sequential reaction： V2O3→V8C7 in higher temperature stage, the rule of vanadium nitride synthesized was established, and defined conditions of temperature for the production of the carbides and nitrides were determined. Vanadium oxycarbide may consist in the front process of carbothermal reduction of vanadium trioxide. In one step method for vanadium nitride by carbothermal reduction and nitridation of vanadium trioxide, the nitridation process is simultaneous with the carbothermal reduction. A one-step mechanism of the carbothermal reduction with simultaneous nitridation leaded to a lower terminal temperature in nitridation process for vanadium nitride produced, compared with that of carbothermal reduction process without nitridation. The grain size and shape of vanadium nitride were uniform, and had the shape of a cube. The one step method combined vacuum carborization and nitridation （namely two step method） into one process. It simplified the technological process and decreased the costs.

Modified precise time step integration method of structural dynamic analysis

The precise time step integration method proposed for linear time-invariant homogeneous dynamic systems can provide precise numerical results that approach an exact solution at the integration points. However, difficulty arises when the algorithm is used for non-homogeneous dynamic systems, due to the inverse matrix calculation and the simulation accuracy of the applied loading. By combining the Gaussian quadrature method and state space theory with the calculation technique of matrix exponential function in the precise time step integration method, a new modified precise time step integration method （e.g., an algorithm with an arbitrary order of accuracy） is proposed. In the new method, no inverse matrix calculation or simulation of the applied loading is needed, and the computing efficiency is improved. In particular, the proposed method is independent of the quality of the matrix H. If the matrix H is singular or nearly singular, the advantage of the method is remarkable. The numerical stability of the proposed algorithm is discussed and a numerical example is given to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the algorithm.

Noether＇s theorem and one-step corrections method for holonomic system

In this paper, a new computational method for improving the accuracy of numerically computed solutions is introduced. The computational method is based on the one-step method and conserved quantities of holonomic systems are considered as kinematical constraints in this method.

On“The Five-Step Method”in Teaching Junior English for China

Junior English for China’ is based on the ’Five-Step’ teachingmethod: Revision, Presentation, Drilling, Practice, Consolidation. Each step has itsown particular methodology and requires the teacher to adopt a certain role. Thispaper is a discussion of the "Five-Step Method".

Temperature-dependent photoluminescence on organic inorganic metal halide perovskite CH3NH3Pb I3-xClx prepared on ZnO/FTO substrates using a two-step method

Temperature-dependent photoluminescence characteristics of organic-inorganic halide perovskite CH3NH3Pb I3-xClx films prepared using a two-step method on ZnO/FTO substrates were investigated. Surface morphology and absorption characteristics of the films were also studied. Scanning electron microscopy revealed large crystals and substrate coverage. The orthorhombic-to-tetragonal phase transition temperature was-140 K. The films＇ exciton binding energy was 77.6 ± 10.9 meV and the energy of optical phonons was 38.8 ± 2.5 meV. These results suggest that perovskite CH3NH3Pb I（3-x）Clx films have excellent optoelectronic characteristics which further suggests their potential usage in perovskitebased optoelectronic devices.

Applying the Dynamic Two-Step Method to Forecast Remaining Oil Distribution of Lower Series ,Xiaermen Oilfield

The distribution of remaining oil is often described qualitatively. The remaining oil distributed in the whole reservoir is calculated according to the characteristics of the space distribution of the saturation of remaining oil. Logging data are required to accomplish this. However, many such projects cannot be completed. Since the old study of remaining oil distribution could not be quantified efficiently, the ＂dynamic two-step method＂ is presented. Firstly, the water cut of every flow unit in one well at one time is calculated according to the comprehensive water cut of a single well at one time. Secondly, the remaining oil saturation of the flow unit of the well at one time is calculated based on the water cut of the flow unit at a given time. The results show that ＂dynamic two-step method＂ has characteristics of simplicity and convenience, and is especially suitable for the study of remaining oil distribution at high water-cut stage. The distribution of remaining oil presented banding and potato form, remaining oil was relatively concentrated in faultage neighborhood and imperfect well netting position, and the net thickness of the place was great. This proposal can provide an effective way to forecast remaining oil distribution and enhance oil recovery, especially applied at the high water-cut stage.

INTERACTION OF A SOLITARY WAVE AND A FRONT STEP SIMULATED BY LEVEL SET METHOD

As a new method, the Level Set method had been developed to compute the interface of two-phase flow. The basic mathematical theory and the detailed method to solve the free surface hydrodynamic problem had been investigated. By using the Level Set method, the transformation of a solitary wave over a front step was simulated. The results were in good agreement with laboratory experiments.

Adaptive split-step Fourier method for simulating ultrashort laser pulse propagation in photonic crystal fibres

In this paper, the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation （GNLSE） is solved by an adaptive split-step Fourier method （ASSFM）. It is found that ASSFM must be used to solve GNLSE to ensure precision when the soliton selffrequency shift is remarkable and the photonic crystal fibre （PCF） parameters vary with the frequency considerably. The precision of numerical simulation by using ASSFM is higher than that by using split-step Fourier method in the process of laser pulse propagation in PCFs due to the fact that the variation of fibre parameters with the peak frequency in the pulse spectrum can be taken into account fully.

Fractional four-step finite element method for analysis of thermally coupled fluid-solid interaction problems

An integrated fluid-thermal-structural analysis approach is presented. In this approach, the heat conduction in a solid is coupled with the heat convection in the viscous flow of the fluid resulting in the thermal stress in the solid. The fractional four-step finite element method and the streamline upwind Petrov-Galerkin （SUPG） method are used to analyze the viscous thermal flow in the fluid. Analyses of the heat transfer and the thermal stress in the solid axe performed by the Galerkin method. The second-order semi- implicit Crank-Nicolson scheme is used for the time integration. The resulting nonlinear equations are lineaxized to improve the computational efficiency. The integrated analysis method uses a three-node triangular element with equal-order interpolation functions for the fluid velocity components, the pressure, the temperature, and the solid displacements to simplify the overall finite element formulation. The main advantage of the present method is to consistently couple the heat transfer along the fluid-solid interface. Results of several tested problems show effectiveness of the present finite element method, which provides insight into the integrated fluid-thermal-structural interaction phenomena.

Numerical Solution of the Rotating Shallow Water Flows with Topography Using the Fractional Steps Method

The two-dimensional nonlinear shallow water equations in the presence of Coriolis force and bottom topography are solved numerically using the fractional steps method. The fractional steps method consists of splitting the multi-dimensional matrix inversion problem into an equivalent one dimensional problem which is successively integrated in every direction along the characteristics using the Riemann invariant associated with the cubic spline interpolation. The height and the velocity field of the shallow water equations over irregular bottom are discretized on a fixed Eulerian grid and time-stepped using the fractional steps method. Effects of the Coriolis force and the bottom topography for particular initial flows on the velocity components and the free surface elevation have been studied and the results are plotted.

Finite Element Methods Applied to the Tubular Linear Stepping Motor

In this paper proposes a Finite Element Methods analyzing applied to the linear tubular stepping actuator. The linear displacement is modeled by means of a layer of finite elements placed in the air gap. The design of the linear stepper motor for achieving a specific performance requires the choice of appropriate tooth geometry. The magnetic field of the actuator has been analyzed using the finite element method over a current-displacement variation. The magneto static field and electromagnetic force was introduced in order to predict before construction, the inductance values according to the displacement and the currents into the coils. The results were obtained for the magnetic flux density distribution and the electromagnetic force for different positions and current.

Application of Multi-Step Differential Transform Method on Flow of a Second-Grade Fluid over a Stretching or Shrinking Sheet

In this study, a reliable algorithm to develop approximate solutions for the problem of fluid flow over a stretching or shrinking sheet is proposed. It is depicted that the differential transform method (DTM) solutions are only valid for small values of the independent variable. The DTM solutions diverge for some differential equations that extremely have nonlinear behaviors or have boundary-conditions at infinity. For this reason the governing boundary-layer equations are solved by the Multi-step Differential Transform Method (MDTM). The main advantage of this method is that it can be applied directly to nonlinear differential equations without requiring linearization, discretization, or perturbation. It is a semi analytical-numerical technique that formulizes Taylor series in a very different manner. By applying the MDTM the interval of convergence for the series solution is increased. The MDTM is treated as an algorithm in a sequence of intervals for finding accurate approximate solutions for systems of differential equations. It is predicted that the MDTM can be applied to a wide range of engineering applications.

Applying a Step Approach Method in Solving the Multi-Frequency Radiation From a Complex Obstacle

In this paper,a step approach method in the time domain is developed to calculate the radiated waves from an arbitrary obstacle pulsating with multiple frequencies.The computing scheme is based on the Boundary Integral Equation and derived in the time domain;thus,the time-harmonic Neumann boundary condition can be imposed.By the present method,the values of the initial conditions are set to zero,and the approach process is carried forward in a loop from the first time step to the last.At each time step,the radiated pressure on each element is updated.After several loops,the correct radiated pressures can be obtained.A sphere pulsating with a monopole frequency in an infinite acoustic domain is calculated first.This result is compared with the analytical solution,and both of them are in good agreement.Then,a complex-shaped radiator is taken as the studied case.The pulsating frequency of this case is multiple,and the waves propagate in half space.It is shown that the present method can treat multiple-frequency pulsation well,even when the radiator is a complex shape,and a robust convergence can be attained quickly.

A class of twostep continuity Runge-Kutta methods for solving singular delay differential equations and its convergence

An idea of relaxing the effect of delay when computing the Runge-Kutta stages in the current step and a class of two-step continuity Runge-Kutta methods （TSCRK） is presented. Their construction, their order conditions and their convergence are studied. The two-step continuity Runge-Kutta methods possess good numerical stability properties and higher stage-order, and keep the explicit process of computing the Runge-Kutta stages. The numerical experiments show that the TSCRK methods are efficient.

Influence of two-step cooling method on magnetic properties of Fe_(82)Mo_7B_(10)Cu_1 nanocrystalline alloy

Soft magnetic properties of Fe82Mo7B10Cu1 nanocrystalline alloy were studied as a function of cooling condition. The results show that higher permeability and relaxation frequency can be obtained by the two-step cooling method, and the pinning field of the sample obtained by this method is smaller than that of the furnace-cooled and water-quenched samples. This phenomenon was interpreted in terms of internal stress and the magnetic ordering of the residual amorphous phase. The two-step cooling treatment is an effective way to improve the soft magnetic properties of Fe82Mo7B10Cu1 nanocrystalline alloy.

Half-Step Continuous Block Method for the Solutions of Modeled Problems of Ordinary Differential Equations

In this paper, we developed a new continuous block method using the approach of collocation of the differential system and interpolation of the power series approximate solution. A constant step length within a half step interval of integration was adopted. We evaluated at grid and off grid points to get a continuous linear multistep method. The continuous linear multistep method is solved for the independent solution to yield a continuous block method which is evaluated at selected points to yield a discrete block method. The basic properties of the block method were investigated and found to be consistent and zero stable hence convergent. The new method was tested on real life problems namely: SIR model, Growth model and Mixture Model. The results were found to compete favorably with the existing methods in terms of accuracy and error bound.

General Modified Split-Step Balanced Methods for Stiff Stochastic Differential Equations

A class of general modified split-step balanced methods proposed in the paper can be applied to solve stiff stochastic differential systems with m-dimensional multiplicative noise.Compared to some other already reported split-step balanced methods,the drift increment function of the methods can be taken from any chosen one-step ordinary differential equations(ODEs)solver.The schemes is proved to be strong convergent with order one.For the mean-square stability analysis,the investigation is confined to two cases.Some numerical experiments are reported to testify the performance and the effectiveness of the methods.

Optimized Runge-Kutta Methods with Automatic Step Size Control for Compressible Computational Fluid Dynamics

We develop error-control based time integration algorithms for compressible fluid dynam-ics(CFD)applications and show that they are efficient and robust in both the accuracy-limited and stability-limited regime.Focusing on discontinuous spectral element semidis-cretizations,we design new controllers for existing methods and for some new embedded Runge-Kutta pairs.We demonstrate the importance of choosing adequate controller parameters and provide a means to obtain these in practice.We compare a wide range of error-control-based methods,along with the common approach in which step size con-trol is based on the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy(CFL)number.The optimized methods give improved performance and naturally adopt a step size close to the maximum stable CFL number at loose tolerances,while additionally providing control of the temporal error at tighter tolerances.The numerical examples include challenging industrial CFD applications.